Social Welfare in Europe PDF

**Social Welfare in Europe** - Priest assumed responsibility for disadvantaged groups appealing to fortunate members of the church for worldly goods by giving alms to the needy. - Religious piety was the motive for giving in all Ancient religion such as Hinduism, Babylonia and Egyp...

**Social Welfare in Europe** - Priest assumed responsibility for disadvantaged groups appealing to fortunate members of the church for worldly goods by giving alms to the needy. - Religious piety was the motive for giving in all Ancient religion such as Hinduism, Babylonia and Egyptian Code, Greek and Roman, Jewish and Christian teachings. - Priest assumed responsibility for disadvantaged groups appealing to fortunate members of the church for worldly goods by giving alms to the needy. - Religious piety was the motive for giving in all Ancient religion such as Hinduism, Babylonia and Egyptian Code, Greek and Roman, Jewish and Christian teachings. - 1300s - Bubonic plague kills nearly 1/3 of European population, labor shortages forced the State to intervene. - 1348 - The Statute of Laborers is issued in England, requiring people to remain in their home manors and work for whatever lord want to pay. - Statute of Laborers of 1348 issued by King Edward III first declared the able bodied poor to accept any employment and forbade them to leave their employment or else, they will have a punishment: mutilation of the ears and nose, etc. **St. Francis of Assisi** \- ***(founder of Franciscan missionary)*** started collecting alms and distributing them to the sick and the poor ***Martin Luther*** \- ***(Germany, 1520),*** appealed to forbid begging and organize a common chest to receive from citizens donation for the needy. ***Juan Luis Vives (16^th^ century)*** - **(Spanish philosopher)** developed a program of poor relief that involved dividing the city into parish quarters and organize a team to investigate the social conditions of every pauper family and providing aid through the customary distribution of alms. **Elizabethan Poor Law** - Elizabeth Poor Law of 1601 - codification of all laws for the poor which confirmed local community responsibility for the poor. The Poor law stressed family and community level responsibility. (indoor and outdoor relief) - In 1558 Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne and enacted the Elizabethan Poor Law in 1601, which had its based on the concept of charity. The Poor law in the intention of sorting out services and to cater to the needs of those living i sub-standard conditions categorized people into: 1\. Able body poor 2\. Impotent poor 3\. Dependent children - The Law by itself was an important effort on part of the government to enlist categories of people in need of help and render services accordingly. The Lay also marks an important landmark of reiterating the role & responsibilities of governments in framing policies to address the needs of its people. - However, Administrative loopholes and corruption led to the failure of the law, which was supposed to cater to the needs of the vulnerable group The situation of the poor continued to be worse and flourishing charity & philanthropic groups sustained their best in providing relief services to the unfortunate. - 1697 - The workhouse system was developed in Bristol and soon spreads throughout England and parts of Europe - 1782 - The ***Gilbert Ade*** was passed in England, enabling humanitarian, appalled by the exploitation of workhouse residence to institute reforms in many English jurisdictions. - 1795 - ***Speemhamland*** System established earliest \"poverty line\" based on the price of bread and number of dependent s in a worker\'s family, subsidization provided when wages dipped below poverty line. - 1800 - Reforms to the Elizabeth Poor Law (Charity organization Societies form in England ***with emphasis on detailed investigation***.) **Elberfeld System (1853)** \- relief system was financed by taxation and voluntary gifts, and having volunteer social investigators live in the same quarter as the poor whom they supervised so they can really be familiar with each other **Fr. Vincent de Paul (France, 17^th^ century)** \- reformers of charity in the Catholic Church. He devoted his life to the improvement of charities especially for prisoners and their families. \- Organized the Ladies of Charity *(first casework)* \- **Daughters of Charity (1633) -**young women from peasant class who devoted themselves in nursing the sick and the handicapped, and the poor \- **Forerunner of modern social work** **Louise de Marillac D.C.,** **- *(August 12, 1591 - March 15, 1660)* was the co-founder, with Vincent de Paul, of the Daughters of Charity. She is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and the Episcopal Church in the United States of America** **- She is the patron saint of social work profession** - **1531 (Henry VIII) -beginning of recognition of public responsibility for the poor. Aged and paupers unable to work were registered and *allowed to beg in an assigned area*.** - **Reformation - Introduced secularization - conversion from religious to state ownership and use of guilds and hospitals** - **Statute of 1536 (Henry VIII) - plan of public relief that ruled paupers to register in their parishes only after they resided for 3 years. Impotent poor were maintained by the parish through church collection while able bodied beggars were forced to work.** **Rev. Thomas Chalmers (1780 -- 1847)** - **Parish minister from Scotland - program of private charity based on the principle of neighbourly aid.** - **Philosophy of personal, parochial relief.** ***Used the ff strategy:*** 1\. Careful study/investigation of the case 2\. Relatives, friends, neighbors should care for the needy when self support (10 was not possible 3\. Wealthy philanthropist maintains the family in the absence of his family 4\. Laid the foundation for casework practice **SOCIAL WELFARE IN UNITED STATES** - **17th century - colonizers from England brought laws, customs and attitudes towards beggars and paupers as criminals. Paupers are morally deficient people. To swear to the pauper\'s oath and made to wear the letter P on the shoulder of his right sleeve.** - **1700s - Early social welfare programs were heavily influenced by the *Puritan ethics* argued that only those people with a defect could fail.** - **The colonies adopted the Elizabeth Poor Law, with \"legal settlement\" or residence qualifications. Poor relief was given in the form of outdoor relief in kind (clothes, food, fuel) or by \"selling out\" the pauper to the lowest bidder.** - **1877 - the first Charity Organization Society in Buffalo, New York - intended to avoid waste of funds, competition, and duplication of work among the relief agencies through a Board.** - **The C.O.S required the social investigation of every relief applicant by a *\"friendly visitor".*** - **Inspired by the Toynbee Hall in London, the first settlement house in the U.S. was founded by the Neighborhood Guild of New York.** **Mary Richmond (1897)** **- establishment of the Training School for Applied Philanthropy which led to the organization of the firs social work courses in New York in 1898.** **- Wrote a book about \'Social Diagnosis"** - ***Social diagnosis (assessment)* is the attempt to arrive at an exact definition as far as possible of the social situation and personalit of a given client. It is a search for the cause of the problem which brings the client to the worker for help.** ***Settlement House Movement*** - Hull House (1889) - Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Star - Built for working people, provide counselling, day nursery, kindergarten, etc. - 1913 - the establishment of a Community Chest for the purpose of collecting private contributions and donations for the fair distribution to social agencies. ***SOCIAL WELFARE IN THE PHILIPPINES*** **PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD** - Social Welfare work in those times centered on mutual protection and economic survival. - This caused groups to band together and communities to link with each other through marriage among members **SPANISH PERIOD** **HOSPITALS** 1565 -- Hosptalito de Santa Ana, founded by Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in Cebu *(Transferred to Manila in 1571 and called Hospitalito de Santa Ana in 1578)* **ASYLUMS AND ORPHANAGES** Religious charity was the motivation of the pious organizations to establish these institutions. **SCHOOLS** 1565 -- Parochial School of Cebu founded by the Agustinians friars 1899- National Association of the Red Cross was organized to provide medical supplies and food to the revolutionaries in the provinces of Luzon. ***The American Period*** - The Americans occupied the country in 1899, and introduced a new educational system, new health methods, and religious freedom. - An agency created by the civil government to supervise and coordinate private institutions engage in welfare work. a. Unable to cope mounting problems in the health field, resulting to a high infant mortality rate; b. Intensified educational campaigns; c. Supervise private charitable institutions d. Solicitation forms 1924- Phil. Legislature passed a law PLA No. 3203 relating to the care and custody of neglected and delinquent children and provided probation officers for them. 1926- some children in the government orphanage in Makati were transferred to Welfareville, a fifty-hectare compound in San Felipe Neri (Now Mandaluyong Rizal) **1933** - Frank Murphy became the Governor-General of The Administration of Social Welfare in the Philippines. - Scholarship grants for professional training in the United States were made available - The Legislature appropriated funds for the operations of government child and maternal health centers which was established in every town with at least two thousand populations. - The economic depression in the 1930s created serious economic problems. - Josefa Jara Martinez who obtained a diploma In Social Work in 1921, worked for the Public Welfare Board where she started to introduce the scientific approach in social work. - The Murphy administration\'s social welfare programs marked the first time the government assumed full responsibility for the relief of the distressed due to any cause 1940- Office of the Commissioner of Health and Public Welfare (the office which took charge of health and welfare services between 1930 and 1940) was abolished and replaced by the ***Department of Health and Public Welfare.*** ***Dr. Jose Fabella-*** Secretary of DHPW and the Father of Social Welfare in the Philippines. ***Japanese Occupation*** -Social Welfare activities during this period consisted mainly of giving medical care and treatment, as well as food and clothing to the wounded soldiers, prisoners, and civilians. ***Post-war Years*** 1946- Bureau of Public Welfare was re-opened October 4, 1927- the bureau became the social welfare commission and was placed under the Office of the President. It offered three categories; a. Child welfare work b. Public assistance c. Coordination and supervision of all public welfare activities