Social Welfare in Europe Overview

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Questions and Answers

What significant event occurred in 1933 regarding social welfare in the Philippines?

Scholarship grants for training in the U.S. were made available. (correct)

The Department of Health and Public Welfare was created.

The Bureau of Public Welfare was established.

Josefa Jara Martinez became the Secretary of Health.

Who is known as the Father of Social Welfare in the Philippines?

Dr. Jose Fabella (correct)

Jose Maria Escriva

Josefa Jara Martinez

Frank Murphy

What was a primary function of the Department of Health and Public Welfare after its establishment in 1940?

To create financial assistance programs.

To supervise educational programs.

To manage health and welfare services. (correct)

To provide military support.

What happened to the Bureau of Public Welfare after it was reopened in 1946?

It became the social welfare commission. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories was not offered by the social welfare commission?

Healthcare for veterans Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of administrative loopholes in the government laws addressing the needs of dependent children?

Worsened situations for vulnerable groups Signup and view all the answers

Which reform allowed humanitarian efforts to address issues faced by workhouse residents in England?

The Gilbert Act Signup and view all the answers

What did the Speenhamland System establish regarding poverty?

The first official poverty line Signup and view all the answers

Which system introduced community-based relief financed through taxation and voluntary gifts?

The Elberfeld System Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as a key reformer of charity within the Catholic Church in the 17th century?

Vincent de Paul Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Daughters of Charity founded?

1633 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is venerated as the patron saint of the social work profession?

Louise de Marillac Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the workhouse system developed in 1697?

To offer housing and work for the poor Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the Training School for Applied Philanthropy?

Neighborhood Guild of New York Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of social welfare work during the pre-historic period?

Mutual protection and economic survival Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in 1913 related to social agencies?

Formation of a Community Chest Signup and view all the answers

What was the main responsibility assumed by priests regarding disadvantaged groups in ancient religions?

Appealing to fortunate church members for alms Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the book 'Social Diagnosis' written by Mary Richmond?

To define social situations and identify problems Signup and view all the answers

Which historical event in the 1300s prompted state intervention in labor issues in Europe?

The Bubonic plague Signup and view all the answers

What did the American occupation introduce to the Philippines in 1899?

New educational system and health methods Signup and view all the answers

Which institution was founded in 1565 by Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi?

Hospitalito de Santa Ana Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence established by the Statute of Laborers of 1348 for able-bodied poor who refused employment?

Mutilation of ears and nose Signup and view all the answers

What role did St. Francis of Assisi play in the context of social welfare?

He started collecting and distributing alms Signup and view all the answers

What legislation did the Philippine Legislature pass in 1924 concerning children?

PLA No. 3203 regarding neglected and delinquent children Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the issues that the American period could not properly address?

High infant mortality rate Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main ideas presented by Martin Luther regarding charitable giving?

To forbid begging and organize donations for the needy Signup and view all the answers

How did the Elizabethan Poor Law reflect the responsibilities of communities for the poor?

It emphasized local community responsibility for the poor Signup and view all the answers

Who developed a program of poor relief that involved organizing investigations into pauper families?

Juan Luis Vives Signup and view all the answers

What classification system was established by the Elizabethan Poor Law to categorize the poor?

Able-bodied poor, impotent poor, dependent children Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Statute of 1536 introduced by Henry VIII?

To ensure paupers register in their parishes after residing for three years. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies was NOT part of Rev. Thomas Chalmers' program?

A focus on parochial relief through public funds. Signup and view all the answers

In the 17th century, how were paupers viewed by colonizers from England?

As morally deficient criminals. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Charity Organization Society (C.O.S) established in 1877 aim to avoid?

Duplication of social welfare efforts. Signup and view all the answers

What type of relief did the colonies adopt under the Elizabeth Poor Law?

Outdoor relief in kind. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle was emphasized in Rev. Thomas Chalmers' social welfare philosophy?

Individual acts of charity from wealthy citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Puritan ethics on early social welfare programs?

View that only those with defects could fail. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the 'friendly visitor' in the C.O.S?

To conduct social investigations of aid applicants. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Priests historically managed aid for disadvantaged groups, soliciting donations from wealthier church members for alms.
Religious motivations for charity span ancient religions including Hinduism, Greek, Roman, and Judeo-Christian traditions.
The 1300s' Bubonic plague reduced Europe’s population by nearly one-third, prompting state intervention in labor matters.
The Statute of Laborers (1348) in England mandated the poor to work for local lords, penalizing those who left employment.

St. Francis of Assisi focused on gathering and distributing alms to the ill and impoverished.
Martin Luther (Germany, 1520) advocated for organized charity and discouraged begging.
Juan Luis Vives, a 16th-century Spanish philosopher, initiated a detailed program for supporting pauper families.

Elizabethan Poor Law

Enacted in 1601 under Queen Elizabeth I, it assigned local communities the responsibility of aiding the poor, categorizing them into able-bodied, impotent, and dependent children.
Intended as a comprehensive charity framework, the law failed due to administrative corruption, leading to worsening conditions for the poor.
The workhouse system emerged in 1697, expanding quickly across England and Europe.

18th and 19th-Century Reforms

The Gilbert Act (1782) aimed to reform workhouse conditions.
The Speenhamland System (1795) set an early poverty line based on bread prices and family size, providing wage subsidies.
The Elberfeld System (1853) utilized taxes and donations and involved volunteers knowing the poor personally.

Contributions by Vincent de Paul

A 17th-century reformer, he improved charity efforts, notably through the Ladies of Charity and the Daughters of Charity, focusing on nursing and care for the poor.
Louise de Marillac, co-founder of the Daughters of Charity, is recognized as the patron saint of social work.

Historical Context in the U.S.

17th-century colonizers viewed beggars as criminals, implementing severe penalties for those unable to work.
Puritanical views in the 1700s caused colonists to create harsh welfare systems based on moral judgment.
Social welfare legislation adopted elements of the Elizabeth Poor Law, with aid given via goods or public service contracts.

The first Charity Organization Society (1877) in Buffalo aimed to streamline relief efforts through evaluation and coordination.
Inspired by London’s settlement house model, the Neighborhood Guild established the first U.S. settlement house.
Mary Richmond’s 1897 establishment of the Training School for Applied Philanthropy laid groundwork for formal social work education.

Settlement House Movement

Hull House (founded 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr) provided various community services such as counseling and childcare.
In 1913, the Community Chest was created to collect and apportion private funding for social agencies.

Prehistoric social welfare was focused on mutual aid and economic survival within communities.
During the Spanish period, hospitals like Hospitalito de Santa Ana were established, alongside orphanages driven by religious charity.
The American colonial period initiated changes in the welfare system, improving health and supervision of charitable institutions.

20th Century Developments

By 1933, Frank Murphy’s administration in the Philippines began comprehensive social welfare programs, marking government responsibility for public assistance.
Dr. Jose Fabella, recognized as the Father of Social Welfare in the Philippines, was instrumental in the establishment of structured welfare services following the 1946 reopening of the Bureau of Public Welfare.

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Description

Explore the role of religious leaders in social welfare throughout European history. This quiz examines the impact of various ancient religions, including Hinduism, Greek, Roman, and Christian teachings, on the responsibilities toward disadvantaged groups. Test your knowledge on how these traditions shaped charitable practices and welfare systems.