Soc. Studies Quiz Questions PDF

**World 9 Midterm Content Review** **I. Social Scientists** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **I. Neolithic Age (8000-3000 BC)** A\) Also called the "New...

**World 9 Midterm Content Review** **I. Social Scientists** **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **I. Neolithic Age (8000-3000 BC)** A\) Also called the "New Stone Age." B\) Key developments of this period: **[TOPIC: ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS]** **I. Civilization** **II. Ancient River Valley Civilizations (c. 3000 -- 1000 B.C.)** A\) [Egypt ] **[TOPIC: CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS]** **I. Introduction to Classical Civilizations** **II. Classical Civilizations** (c. 1000 BC-500 AD) A\) [Greece ] **[TOPIC: WORLD RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHIES ]** **I. The Monotheistic Religions** A\) [Monotheism ] **II. Religions and Philosophies of India** A\) [Hinduism ] **III. Philosophies of China** A\) [Legalism] C\) [Daoism] 1\) Created by Lao Tzu 2\) Belief in a balance of good and bad 3\) Be one with nature 4\) Accept life the way it is **[TOPIC: LEGAL SYSTEMS OF THE ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL WORLDS ]** **I. Legal Systems** a. b. a. b. c. **REVIEW SHEET 1 -- Skills of the Historian** **Terms and concepts to consider:** Point of view -- How a person sees the world. Subjectivity/Objectivity - Subjectivity is something you believe based on your opinion/ perspective and objectivity is something that you believe based on facts and evidence. Bias -- Someone's perspective but their own belief is in the way. Perspective -- The way someone sees something. Periodization -- The organization of history into certain time periods. ex) neolithic, paleolithic era. Globalization - Spread of american businesses/ provided great economic, change lots of consumerism **REVIEW SHEET 2 -- Foundations** *What physical and behavioral traits define what it means to be human?* *[Some physical and behavior traits that defined what it meant to be human were: ]* *[Physical: large brain size, speech and communication]* *[Behavior: strategic tool use, culture, self-awareness, problem solving]* *How does physical geography affect the development of people, places or regions?* *[Physical geography affects the development of places, or regions because it affects how people live. ex) people living by water could develop into a mainly fishing diet]* *How did the Neolithic change the way humans relate to one another?* *The neolithic started a social hierarchy system which ranked individuals based on their status. This is also when women because less equal.* *Why was the Neolithic Revolution a prerequisite for civilization?* *The neolithic revolution allowed for people to settle down which then led to the creation of civilizations and their features* *How do we define what it means to be civilized?* *By the 5 characteristics of a civilization* **Terms and concepts to consider:** 1. 2. Nomadic lifestyle 3\. Identify the Neolithic Revolution (What/when/where) 10,000 BCE -- 4,000 BCE, early river valley civilizations, nomadic to sedentary 4\. What specific effects did the Neolithic Revolution have on communities? Some effects of the Neolithic Revolution include increased food production, increased population for the sedentary lifestyle, advanced technology, and civilizations which allowed for the construction of cities + gov. + etc. 5\. Why did Jared Diamond view farming as "the worst mistake" made by humans? because it created disease, poor nutrition, class divisions, and inequality. 6\. Explain the significance of Catal Huyuk it was one of the most important archaeological sites in understanding the Neolithic Era. 7\. What are the characteristics of civilization? cities writing specialized jobs Social hierarchy Technology Religion government 8\. List the Ancient Civilizations and be able to approximate their respective locations: Mesopotamia - Africa/ Middle East (Sumerians) Egypt - North Africa Phoenicia - Africa/ Middle East (Used to be Mesopotamia) China - Shang Dynasty (still present) Olmec - MesoAmerica Indus River Valley - India 9. **Terms and concepts to consider:** Pharaoh-leader of egyptians Pastoralism-practice of domesticating animals Polytheism-multiple gods ; monotheism-one god ; irrigation;-water system Ziggurat;-temple that led to sky Theocracy;-gov led by religious leaders cultural diffusion; -spread of cultures interpretive versus factual history- factual history provided only facts and lacked context while interpretive history described why the events happened ; Out of Africa Theory-human evolution started in africa ancestor worship; -respect elders and worship them/believing they have an influence on your life Mesopotamia; Indus Valley Civilization; Yellow River Civilization; Phoenecians; Israelites; natural barriers; monsoons Phoenecians-right next to mesopotamia/traded with each other(carthage and developed alphabet) **REVIEW SHEET 3 -- Classical Age** - - - - *Why do civilizations rise and fall?* *Rise:innovations,strong gov,trade stability and growth,resources* *Fall:political corruption, economic decline, invasions* *What are the responsibilities and challenges of ruling over vast empires?* *There are a lot of people and cultures that are hard to control.* *What role did new systems of thought play in different Classical Civilizations?* *The philosophies shaped the government and the way of life of the civilizations* *What are the essential ingredients of a Golden Age?* *Political stability, economic prosperity, technological advances*  **Terms and concepts to consider:** 1. 600 BCE-600CE 2. 3. The river valley civilizations were located by rivers and had less complex governments and innovations, both based on agriculture and had social hierachy 4. Weak leadership, inequality (social hierarchy system), trade instability, economic decline 5. 6. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Consider the historical relevance and accomplishments: Pericles, Alexander, Cyrus, Qin Shi Huangdi, Emperor Wudi, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Ashoka **Terms and concepts to consider:** cultural diffusion; Hellenism; centralization; bureaucracy; religious tolerance; infrastructure; Silk Road; democracy, civil service; city-state; Golden Ages; technological innovations **REVIEW SHEET 4 -- Religions/Philosophies** *What conditions give rise to new belief systems?* *Split of states and need for new ideas\`* *How do local belief systems grow into world religions?* *When leaders support and it satisfies human needs* *How do religions serve their adherents? \\* *Brings people together and gives them a way to calm down and find peace* **Terms and concepts to consider:** For each religion/philosophy, identify persons of significance, basic beliefs, location, sects, and leadership. \- Christianity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \- Buddhism - - - - - - \- Hinduism - - - - - - - \- Judaism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \- Confucianism - - - - - - - - - - \- Legalism - - - - - - \- Daoism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Early River Valley Civilizations** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Periodization- divide time into periods - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - **Chinese Philosophies** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Han Dynasty** - - - - - **Qin Dynasty** - - - - - - Indo-gangetic plain- indus and ganges river/fertile soil Himalaya mountains- protection/isolation Ashoka - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Gupta Empire** - - - - **Mauryan Empire** - - - - - - - - - **Roman Empire** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Athens | | Sparta | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | - - | Government | - - - - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | - - - | Role of Women | - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | - | Education | - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | economy | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ ### ### **Greek Philosophers** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Code of Hammurabi | similarities | Ten Commandments | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | - - - | - - - | - - - | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Twelve Tables** - - - - - - **Persian Empire** **-**Zoroastrianism -first monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster in ancient Persia. It emphasizes the duality of good and evil, individual responsibility, and an ultimate judgment day. -attacked athens led to persian wars -Cyrus the Great-founder of persian empire -Darius the great- persian ruler who expanded the empire -Satrap-A provincial governor in the Persian Empire responsible for managing local affairs and collecting taxes. -Royal road- A vast road system that enhanced communication, trade, and governance within the Persian Empire. persian wars between greece and persia was caused by the ionian revolt (military rebellions from greece mostly athens) then persia attacked athens peloponnesian war after persian war between athen and sparta was caused by rivalry and dominancr by athens but these wars would make greece vulnerable to invasion punic wars between rome and carthage was because of romes jealousy and the want for sicily from both sides Skills of a historian notes Globalization is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of increased trade and cultural exchange.  - - - - - - Types of maps - - - Perspective \-- the lens with which you view the world. Point of view \-- your opinion of information/evidence. Bias \-- a tendency to evaluate information unfairly based on a point of view. Time Labels BC/BCE - before the common era AD/CE - common era Periodization - To Categorize or divide time into manageable blocks (chunks) 7\. How did the leadership styles of Cyrus and Darius differ? The leadership styles of Cyrus and Darius differed because Cyrus focused on tolerance, which was the equality of everyone under the empire. He allowed conquered people to go back home. Darius focused more on centralized government. He built the Royal Road and allowed for the government to be more efficient. He divided the empire into satrapies (provinces) that were governed by satraps. 8\. How did the Persian leaders centralize their power? Persian leaders centralized their power by dividing the empire into satrapies (provinces), building infrastructure (Royal Road), maintaining a strong army, and unifying currency and tax systems.