SNFO 03 Rapid Intervention Procedures PDF

Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 2-IN/2-out, IRIT, RIT Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# SNFO 03 01/22/2015 01/04/2009 Page 1 of 5 PURPOSE The purpose of this SOP is to increase safety at emergency incidents by providing for firefighter rescue at the...

Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 2-IN/2-out, IRIT, RIT Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# SNFO 03 01/22/2015 01/04/2009 Page 1 of 5 PURPOSE The purpose of this SOP is to increase safety at emergency incidents by providing for firefighter rescue at the outset of an event, before a team enters an “Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health” (IDLH) atmosphere. This SOP identifies the requirements for, and implementation of 2-In – 2-Out / IRIT / RIT. PROCEDURE REQUIRED USE OF 2-In – 2-Out / IRIT / RIT This procedure shall be implemented at all working structure fires. It shall also be implemented at incidents where fire department members may be subject to hazards that would be immediately dangerous to life and/or health in the event of an equipment failure, change of conditions, or sudden mishap. 2-In – 2-Out In order to allow a first-in Company, (4-persons) to conduct interior operations during the “initial stages” of an incident (prior to the arrival of additional units), these 2-In – 2-Out procedures shall be followed. The initial arriving Company Officer shall establish command in accordance with NIMS. A thorough size-up of the incident, (including recon, evaluation of critical factors, and Risk Management) shall be made If the decision to enter is made, entry team shall consist of the Officer and a Firefighter, (2-In). Firefighter #2 and the Engineer shall serve as the standby team outside of the IDLH, (2-Out). The 2-Out team (without the Captain) will become “Engine XX Crew” for communications. Firefighter #2 shall be fully turned out with SCBA. The Engineer shall have PPE and SCBA immediately available, not in a bag or in a compartment. The function of the 2-In – 2-Out (Standby Team) is to maintain a constant awareness of the number and identity of members operating in the hazardous area, their location, function, and time of entry. Standby Team shall assemble tools and equipment that may assist the entry team, and be prepared to make an initial rescue attempt if needed. If the 2-Out crew needs to deploy for firefighter rescue, they will become IRIT. Example: “Control, Engine 1 Crew will be deploying as IRIT to perform rescue.” Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 2-IN/2-out, IRIT, RIT Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# SNFO 03 01/22/2015 01/04/2009 Page 2 of 5 2-In – 2-Out is the first level of protection for a single crew operating in an IDLH atmosphere. Incident Commanders shall upgrade to IRIT / RIT as soon as personnel are available. IRIT (Initial RIT) A temporary two-person IRIT team shall be assigned (when personnel are available), at the outset of an incident to allow other teams to enter an IDLH, potential IDLH, or unknown atmosphere. The function of the IRIT is to account for the location of interior crews and to prepare to initiate a firefighter rescue. This position requires attack line, forcible entry tools, radio, utility rope and RIT pack. PPE and SCBA are to be donned for immediate deployment. The members of the two-person IRIT are not permitted to take on roles such as Incident Commander, Safety Officer, or pump operator. However, external single task objectives can be performed at the direction of the Incident Commander. IRIT is the second level of protection for crews operating in an IDLH. Although it offers more protection than the 2-In – 2-Out, Command shall upgrade to a full RIT Company as soon as a Company is available (at a minimum, RIT must be assigned from the 1st alarm units). RIT When crews are, or will be operating in an IDLH or potential IDLH atmosphere, Command shall assign a 4-person Company from the initial response to assume the responsibilities of RIT. RIT will normally be assigned a standby position near the entry point. Command may assign more than one company as a RIT if necessary. Operations of a large or more complex nature may call for multiple RIT units to standby at different entry points. Upon assignment, the RIT Officer should obtain a detailed briefing from Command or the IRIT they are relieving. The briefing should include the following: the status and location of all assigned companies the time of entry for units operating in an IDLH the status of the Incident a briefing on the IAP a briefing on any Safety issues RIT is the highest level of protection for crews operating in an IDLH, potential IDLH, or unknown atmosphere. Command shall assign a RIT Company as soon as personnel are available (at a minimum, RIT must be assigned from the 1st alarm units). Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 2-IN/2-out, IRIT, RIT Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# SNFO 03 01/22/2015 01/04/2009 Page 3 of 5 Standard Exceptions to the 2-In – 2-Out / IRIT / RIT Requirements at a Structure Fire: 1. When there is a known life hazard and, immediate action could prevent the loss of life. 2. When the fire is in an incipient stage as defined by OSHA1919.134 as “a fire which is in the initial or beginning stage and which can be controlled or extinguished by portable fire extinguishers, Class II standpipe or small hose systems without the need for protective clothing or breathing apparatus”. Note: SNFO”S policy on entering any suspected interior structure fire, whether incipient or not, requires that all personnel don their complete personal protective ensembles, breathing apparatus, and deploy appropriate handline(s) before entering the structure. Implementation of RIT From the initial response for a working fire, one 4-person company will be assigned RIT responsibilities. RIT will normally be assigned a standby position near the entry point. Command may assign more than one company as a RIT if necessary. Operations of a large or more complex nature may call for multiple RIT units to standby at different entry points. Upon assignment of RIT, the RIT Company Officer should: Obtain a detailed briefing from Incident Commander or the IRIT they are relieving on the status and location of all assigned companies. Place personnel at/near the entry point to monitor the movement, location and number of personnel interior & on the roof. Have personnel bring RIT pack and basic tools to handle the type of structure present. Monitor all radio traffic and communicate with IC as needed to remain informed. Secure utilities if applicable. 360o recon of the involved building to ID access/egress points-report finding back to IC. RIT Officer should think three-dimensionally and consider potential access points from top and bottom if needed. Remove bars or other physical barriers preventing easy egress from these points. Do not break windows so airflow in the building will not be affected. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 2-IN/2-out, IRIT, RIT Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# SNFO 03 01/22/2015 01/04/2009 Page 4 of 5 If possible direct some form of light into the windows to illuminate them for interior crews. Assure secondary access ladders for roof crews and/or ladders to upper floors for egress use by interior crews. Assign the position of Entry attendant. Entry attendant will utilize the tracking forms in the RIT Kit to monitor the progress and air status of each RIT team deployed. RIT Activation RIT activation by a “MAYDAY” will set off a series of events as outlined in the Mayday Procedures SOP# SNFO 05. RIT will remain on the same channel as the down Firefighter, RIT will gather all available information, RIT will become RIT team 1, position entry attendant and begin search. RIT Branch will be established to supervise this operation. RIT Branch will staff additional RIT teams, assign a Fire Medical Group and when staffing permits assign a RIT Group Supervisor. The RIT operation has prioritized tactical objectives. The objectives must be achieved in the order of priority. 1. Reconnaissance/Locate/Package a. Locate the downed, trapped , member(s) b. Connect to RIT air supply and package for extrication if incapacitated c. Establish a traceable means of access to the victim (search rope) d. Begin extrication if time permits 2. Removal a. Additional RIT teams will assist with the removal of the victim(s) 3. Treatment/Transport a. Fire Medical Group will treat and transport downed firefighter upon removal Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 2-IN/2-out, IRIT, RIT Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# SNFO 03 01/22/2015 01/04/2009 Page 5 of 5 The RIT operation should have a minimum of 3 RIT teams to support a full recycle period: One team working, one team on-deck and one team in recycle. When assigned the RIT Group supervisor should be in place at or near the point of entry to manage the rotation of crews and insure the completion of the above tactical objectives. The assigned Entry attendant will continue to track accountability, air supply, and duration of work cycle for the RIT Branch Director or RIT Group Supervisor when assigned. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Mayday Procedures Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# 03/03/2016 05/01/2014 SNFO 05 Page 1 of 6 PURPOSE This operating procedure is intended to provide general guidelines for the actions to be taken by trapped, injured, lost, or distressed firefighters. It is also intended to serve as a guideline for the rescuers and officers in command of such an incident. PROCEDURE The decision to initiate a “MAYDAY” is one that can be made by any firefighter(s) involved. Communication between the firefighters involved is imperative. Any time firefighters find themselves or other firefighters trapped, injured, lost or distressed, a “MAYDAY” shall be called. The initiation of a “MAYDAY” will involve three (3) groups: 1. The “MAYDAY” initiator 2. The Incident Commander 3. The RIT Branch/RIT team “MAYDAY” INITIATOR 1. Press the “orange priority key” located on the top of the handheld radio, (Note: If the radio is switched to off, it will be necessary to reactivate the orange priority button again when the radio is turned back on.) This gives your radio priority over all others. 2. Transmit on the radio, “MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY”. Repeat every 15 seconds until there is recognition of the emergency traffic. 3. Once there is acknowledgment of the MAYDAY by the Incident Commander, provide an Initial Status Report including: L – Location (or last known location) U – Unit ID N – Your name, (or seat assignment) A – Assignment R – Resources needed for rescue (include general status and air supply) 4. If the firefighter is conscious and oriented, they should verbally guide the RIT team to their location. In the event the firefighter is unable to use verbal commands, they should manually activate the PAL to the ON mode. 1 Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Mayday Procedures Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# 03/03/2016 05/01/2014 SNFO 05 Page 2 of 6 Once these steps have been taken, use these reminders to guide your actions: Attempt self-rescue. If you are attempting to self-rescue, communicate your plan of action (direction of travel, location, etc.). Stay with your crew if you are still in contact with them. Seek an area of safety. Stay low. Use your flashlight as a beacon for rescuers. Make tapping sounds with tools periodically to help guide rescuers to you. Stay calm and conserve air (skip breathe, etc.). Provide situation updates as regularly as possible. INCIDENT COMMANDER Strong Supervision Required Strong supervision and control of activities will be required by all officers. Emotions will be very high. Fire fighters in this situation will tend to want to freelance or take higher risk. Crowd control of our own non-essential personnel may be required. Activation of “MAYDAY” procedures will initiate these steps for the Incident Commander: 1. Respond to the “MAYDAY” initiator(s) and get an Initial Status Report. 2. Communicate the “MAYDAY” initiation to the Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) and ensure that they are on the same channel as the firefighter(s) who initiated the “MAYDAY”. 3. Announce to all units on scene that a RIT operation is underway and that all units not involved must remain on task and limit their radio use to emergency and necessary traffic only. 4. Deploy the RIT to initiate search and rescue efforts (typically the last reported work area). This team will be designated “RIT 1”. 5. Establish RIT Branch and assign a RIT Safety Officer. The RIT Branch Director should be the second due Battalion Chief if on scene, or a Company Officer if the second due Battalion Chief is not available for this assignment. 2 Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Mayday Procedures Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# 03/03/2016 05/01/2014 SNFO 05 Page 3 of 6 6. Notify dispatch of RIT operation and have them STRIKE ANOTHER ALARM. 7. The IC shall assign all other incident radio traffic to Emergency Channel #1 of the current zone. Emergency Channel #1 can easily be located by turning the portable radio channel knob completely to the right until it stops, a voice prompt will confirm the channel location. RIT will remain on the same channel as the down Firefighter. **If a second “MAYDAY” occurs on the same zone as the initial “MAYDAY” all other incident radio traffic of the second “MAYDAY” will be assigned to Emergency Channel #2. 8. The IC will utilize an available officer to fill the Deputy IC/Aide position. The IC will also fill the Senior Advisor Position with staff personnel as soon as possible. 9. Assign PIO to control the media early and throughout the incident. Information on the identities and conditions of lost firefighters must be restricted until after next of kin are notified. 10. Have the FAO/Dispatch perform a Chiefs callout or 500/600 all call depending on the jurisdiction. 11. Although no Incident Commander ever wants to terminate a rescue effort, firefighter safety must remain our top priority. The Incident Commander must continually evaluate the degree of risk being encountered by the rescue personnel to ensure rescuer safety. As unfortunate as it may be, the Incident Commander must terminate the rescue efforts when conditions begin to jeopardize the safety of those involved. This decision will ultimately determine the number of members lost or injured. * Note – FD members shall not attempt to contact the families of member(s) in these situations. Contact shall be made utilizing existing departmental policies and procedures for the department involved. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Mayday Procedures Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# 03/03/2016 05/01/2014 SNFO 05 Page 4 of 6 RIT BRANCH Activation of “MAYDAY” procedures will initiate these steps for the RIT Branch: 1. When informed by the IC of the “MAYDAY”, all RIT members shall remain on the same channel as the firefighter(s) in need of help. 2. RIT Team 1 shall gather all available information concerning the firefighter(s) in need of help and confirm this information with the RIT BRANCH DIRECTOR / IC. 3. RIT Branch will establish a back-up Rapid Intervention Teams (RIT #2, #3, etc.), a Fire Medical Group and other Groups/Divisions as needed. The Fire Medical Group is intended to treat and transport fire personnel. 4. RIT Branch Director will establish the time for work cycles (10-15 minutes). This will be monitored with the assistance of the Entry attendant. 5. RIT Branch Director will assign additional RIT teams designated as RIT 2, RIT 3, etc. for on deck positions. This will ensure the availability of RIT crews to operate without interruption. The RIT Branch director will work to establish a minimum of 3 Rapid Intervention Teams. 6. RIT Branch Director will assign a RIT Group Supervisor to the next available Officer. The RIT Group Supervisor will coordinate the RIT operation from the point of entry. The end goal is to have a Chief Officer in position as the RIT Group Supervisor. RIT BRANCH COMMUNICATIONS The RIT Branch will operate on the same radio channel as the firefighter needing assistance. The RIT Branch Director will communicate with Command on the newly assigned tactical channel. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Mayday Procedures Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# 03/03/2016 05/01/2014 SNFO 05 Page 5 of 6 Example IC Dep/IC RIT Division 1 Division 2 Roof Division Medical Group IC RIT Branch Dep/IC or 2nd BC Division 1 Division 2 Roof Division Medical Group Attendant RIT 1 RIT 2 RIT 3 Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Mayday Procedures Effective date: Supersedes: SOP# 03/03/2016 05/01/2014 SNFO 05 Page 6 of 6 IC Senior Advisor Staging Safety PIO RIT Branch Dep/ IC RIT RIT Group Division 1 Division 2 Roof Medical Group Entry RIT 1 RIT 2 RIT 3 Fire Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 9/29/2010 N/A NATURAL GAS EMERGENCIES SOP# SNFO-07 Page 1 of 4 PURPOSE The purpose of this operating procedure is to establish a standard approach and response to emergencies involving Natural Gas and to enhance the safety of the public and Fire Department personnel. PROCEDURE Fire Department units may encounter natural gas in a variety of situations and incident types, each presenting a different set of hazards and problems. The following guidelines present an approach which will be applicable in the majority of situations. Use good judgment and experience in dealing with any particular incident. Properties of Natural Gas: Composed primarily of methane: CH4 Lighter than Air (Vapor Density =.60 / Air = 1.0) (Molecular Weight = 18 / Air = 29) Colorless Highly Flammable: Flashpoint = 1200°F Flammable Range (4 - 14%) Can travel great distances to an ignition source Natural gas is much lighter than air and will usually dissipate rapidly in the outside environment. Inside buildings, however, it tends to pocket, particularly in attics and dead air spaces. Natural gas itself is non-toxic; however, it displaces oxygen and can result in asphyxiation if in a confined space. Burning natural gas should not normally be extinguished, since this would change the situation from a known to an unknown hazard with explosive potential. Fires should be controlled by stopping the flow of gas. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 9/29/2010 N/A NATURAL GAS EMERGENCIES SOP# SNFO-07 Page 2 of 4 A. PERSONNEL SAFETY 1. Full PPE will be required for all responses to potential gas leaks. 2. A ‘Hot Zone’ shall be established and maintained around any suspected gas leak and fire line tape should be used to identify the ‘Hot Zone’ when necessary. 3. All non-essential personnel should be outside of this zone. B. INCIDENTS INVOLVING A REPORTED GAS LEAK - NO FIRE OR EXPLOSION Calls for "odor of gas," "gas leak," "broken gas line" and similar situations may range from minor to potentially major incidents. All of these should be approached as potentially dangerous situations. Apparatus placement should be upwind of any potential vapor cloud. Company Officers should call for a Gas company representative early in the emergency. Fire Companies shall determine whether a leak exists (as much as it can be done safely). Gas company personnel shall be responsible for locating and eliminating leak sources. **At no time should FD personnel attempt to control a leak from a broken or ruptured line. Fire Department units shall take whatever actions are necessary to provide for life safety, (including their own safety). 1. Evacuate any civilians in the area of escaping gas, (based upon the size of the leak, and weather conditions). The 2008 NAERG general guideline is 330’ in all directions. 2. Secure all known Gas shutoff valves before attempting to locate the source of the gas and any other shutoff devices. If you can safely access a shutoff valve, use it to stop the flow of gas. 3. Gas leak situations within a building where the source of the leak is unknown or uncontrolled, the gas supply shall be shut off at the meter. (Possible leak could be indicated by a spinning dial on the meter.) Command shall ensure the meter is redtagged and locked off until repairs are completed. This is most easily accomplished with the cooperation of the gas company representative. 4. If there is any indication of gas accumulating within a building, control ignition sources. Do not shut off electrical power from an outside breaker until cleared to do so by the Gas Company. Ventilate from the exterior using PPV. Personnel shall ensure that blowers/fans are not placed in an explosive environment. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 9/29/2010 N/A NATURAL GAS EMERGENCIES SOP# SNFO-07 Page 3 of 4 5. If gas company personnel must excavate to shut off a leak, provide stand-by protection with a charged 1-3/4 inch line and two firefighters in full protective equipment and SCBA. Occasionally Gas company personnel may want you to wet down the area to control static sparks. Again, communication and cooperation are key to the successful mitigation of these events. 6. In the event that there is equipment, (tractors, compressors, or other spark generating equipment) operating in the immediate area, leave it running. C. INCIDENTS AT WHICH AN EXPLOSION HAS OCCURRED Units arriving at the scene of a structural explosion must consider natural gas as a possible cause. Underground leaks may travel considerable distance and can enter a structure around pipes or through void spaces. In these circumstances, the cause of the explosion may be difficult to determine. 1. Initial efforts should be directed at isolating the area and determining the cause of the explosion. (Don’t discount the possibility of intentionally placed explosive devices, and be wary of secondary devices). Until it can be determined that the area is safe from the danger of further explosions, evacuate all civilians and keep the number of Fire Department and/or other emergency personnel (i.e., Gas company personnel) in the area, to the minimum number necessary to stabilize the situation. Take a pessimistic point of view. 2. Do not rely on gas odor. Use combustible gas indicators to check all suspected areas. Both gas company personnel and the Technical Rescue Team (T.R.T.) have combustible gas indicators for this purpose.(LEL Readings) 3. Check areas systematically using combustible gas indicators. Start outside of the area of the explosion, and move into the area until readings indicate detectable concentration. Map the readings for the affected area. 4. If a gas concentration is encountered inside, adjacent to, or underneath any building, secure all possible sources of ignition in the affected area. The power company can be requested to secure the electricity from a remote location outside the affected area to avoid arcing. The LEL must be eliminated before shutting off any electrical breakers to the individual home. 5. Where gas is found inside buildings, ventilate from the exterior using PPV. Personnel shall ensure that blowers/fans are not placed in an explosive environment. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 9/29/2010 N/A NATURAL GAS EMERGENCIES SOP# SNFO-07 Page 4 of 4 6. Under Fire Conditions, the breaker to the individual home should only be shut off (prior to Gas Company arrival) when personnel entering the structure could be endanger by not securing the power. 7. Command shall provide for effective interaction between gas company personnel and the Fire Department. Gas company personnel are responsible for locating and eliminating leaks in the gas system. As industry specialists, they can provide Command with valuable assistance in the effective handling of these incidents. In most cases, a Company Officer with a portable radio will be required to liaison and otherwise supervise during on-site operations. 8. Command must ensure the safety and stability of the structure. If entry is required and further collapse is possible, a Technical Rescue Team should be called to provide shoring, cribbing or other means of stabilizing the structure after the natural gas hazard has been eliminated. Southern Nevada Fire Operations (SNFO) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES GENERAL Effective date: Supersedes: FLAG / BADGE ETIQUETTE PROCEDURES 06-20-12 N/A SOP# SNFO-09 Page 1 of 4 PURPOSE This procedure applies to all Fire Department entities and fire department personnel within Clark County, Nevada. PROCEDURE General rules for respectful display and care of flags. 1. General Flag Procedures A. Display 1. Display flags from sunrise ‘til sunset, unless the flags are illuminated, they may then be displayed twenty-four (24) hours a day. 2. Do not fly a flag during inclement weather or when damage may occur to it, such as high winds. 3. No other flag should be displayed higher than the Flag of the United States of America. a. When two (2) or more flags are displayed on poles of similar height, the flag of the United States of America should be on its own, on the right. For example: i. When flags are posted on either side of a person speaking. The American Flag shall be at the speaker’s right, the audience’s left. ii. All other flags shall be at the speaker’s left, the audience’s right. 4. When hoisting multiple flags, the Flag of the United States of America shall be hoisted first and lowered last. 5. The union of the Flag of the United States of America shall always be in the upper left hand side as viewed from the public, whether the flag is flown horizontally or vertically. a. The union is the blue field with 50 stars. B. Respect For Flags No disrespect shall be shown to the Flag of the United States of America. It shall not be dipped to any person or thing. Flags of states and other organizations shall be dipped in respect to the Flag of the United States of America. 1. A flag shall never be displayed with the union down, except in time of extreme emergency. 2. A flag should not touch anything beneath it such as ground or water. 6-20-2012 JL/kbh Southern Nevada Fire Operations (SNFO) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES GENERAL Effective date: Supersedes: FLAG / BADGE ETIQUETTE PROCEDURES 06-20-12 N/A SOP# SNFO-09 Page 2 of 4 C. Disposal 1. When a flag is in such condition as it is no longer appropriate for display, it shall be taken down, folded, and given to a member of the Honor Guard for appropriate disposal. 2. Flag Procedures in a Time of Mourning A. Flag at Half-Staff 1. When a flag is lowered to half-staff, it should be hoisted all the way for a brief moment and then lowered to half-staff. 2. Also, when only one flag pole is present and it is deemed appropriate to fly the American Flag of the United States at half-staff, no other flags should be flown on the same flag pole. B. Ordering of the Flags to Half-Staff 1. The Fire Chief or his designee will order the lowering of flags to half-staff as outlined in this policy when the death of a member of the fire service or public safety community occurs. 3. Line of Duty Death A. Line of Duty - Affected Entity 1. In the event of a Line of Duty Death that involves a member of your Fire Department: The flags at the fire stations will be lowered to half-staff and will remain from the announcement of the death until the day following the funeral. 2. Badges will be shrouded for 30 days following the announcement. 3. Full Honors Funeral Services. A. All entities may provide at least one piece of apparatus and personnel to support funeral procession and services. B. Line of Duty - All Other Fire Departments 1. In the event of a Line of Duty Death that involves a member of another fire department, within Clark County only, this is to include federal and state entities, i.e., BLM, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Park Service, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Fish and Game, and Nevada Division of Forestry. 2. The flags at the fire stations will be lowered to half-staff and will remain from the announcement of the death until the day following the funeral. 3. Badges will be shrouded from the announcement until the day following the funeral. 6-20-2012 JL/kbh Southern Nevada Fire Operations (SNFO) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES GENERAL Effective date: Supersedes: FLAG / BADGE ETIQUETTE PROCEDURES 06-20-12 N/A SOP# SNFO-09 Page 3 of 4 4. Full Honors Funeral Services. i. All entities may provide at least one piece of apparatus and personnel to support funeral procession and services. C. Line of Duty – Retired 1. In the event of a Line of Duty Death of a retired member of any Fire Department, within Clark County only, the flags at the fire stations will be lowered to half-staff and will remain from the announcement of the death until the day following the funeral. 2. Badges will be shrouded from the announcement until the day following the funeral. 3. All entities may provide at least one piece of apparatus and personnel to support funeral procession and services. D. Line of Duty – Non Fire Service Personnel 1. In the event of a Line of Duty Death of non-fire service personnel, which includes but is not limited to other public safety personnel, i.e., police officers, helicopter crew members, private ambulance personnel, U.S. Fish and Game, etc., within Clark County only, the flags at the fire stations will be lowered to half-staff and will remain from the announcement of the death until the day following the funeral. 2. Badges will be shrouded from the announcement until the day following the funeral. 3. All entities may provide at least one piece of apparatus and personnel to support funeral procession and services. 4. Non-Line of Duty A. Non-Line of Duty – Active Member, Your Department 1. In the case of a NON-Line of Duty Death that involves an active member of any fire department within Clark County only, for the affected department, the flags at all fire stations will be lowered to half-staff, and will remain from the announcement of the death until the day following the funeral. 2. Badges will be shrouded from the announcement until the day following the funeral. 3. All entities may provide at least one piece of apparatus and personnel to support funeral procession and services. B. Non-Line of Duty – Active Member, another Department 1. In the event of a NON-Line of Duty Death that involves an active member of another fire department, within Clark County only, flags at the fire stations will be lowered to half-staff the day of the funeral only. 2. Badges will be shrouded the day of the funeral only. 6-20-2012 JL/kbh Southern Nevada Fire Operations (SNFO) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES GENERAL Effective date: Supersedes: FLAG / BADGE ETIQUETTE PROCEDURES 06-20-12 N/A SOP# SNFO-09 Page 4 of 4 3. All entities may provide at least one piece of apparatus and personnel to support funeral services. C. Non-Line of Duty – Inactive, Retired Member 1. In the case of a NON-Line of Duty Death that involves a retired member of any fire department, within Clark County only, flags will remain at full staff. 2. Badges will be shrouded only by fire department personnel attending the funeral services. 3. All entities may provide at least one piece of apparatus and personnel to support funeral services, as requested by family and sponsoring agency. 5. Definitions: A. The death of any member of the Fire Department while on duty, or while undergoing medical treatment for injuries resulting from such duty, is considered a Line of Duty Death. For the purpose of the flag/badge etiquette procedure, this also includes the death of a fire department member while engaged in firefighting or EMS activities while off duty. B. To avoid being selective or discriminatory concerning which incidents to choose from, fire service or public safety personnel deaths outside of Clark County will not be acknowledged by the lowering of flags or shrouding of badges. C. If a special circumstance does arise, Fire Chiefs of all local departments will come to consensus on an appropriate and consistent procedure for that incident. This is not intended to preclude departments from expressing condolences through other methods. D. Badge Shrouding: Badges will be shrouded horizontally " ", straight across the middle of the badge. 6-20-2012 JL/kbh Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 1 of 17 PURPOSE This procedure establishes a standard structure and guideline for the operation of Fire Department units at multi/mass-casualty incidents. The system may be applied to any multi/mass-casualty incident regardless of the number of patients or incident size. This procedure shall be integrated into the overall incident management system and may include major transportation incidents, explosions or fire with multiple injuries, hazardous materials incidents with exposure victims, structural collapse incidents and hostile events with multiple patients. PROCEDURE The policy is to integrate the multi-casualty procedures within the framework of the incident management system. It is the responsibility of the first-arriving company officer to implement these procedures on any multi-casualty incident. This procedure follows the National Incident Management System (NIMS, Dec. 2008). This also follows the Clark County Multi-Jurisdictional Mass Casualty Plan. Definitions A. MCI: A Multi-Casualty Incident (MCI) is an incident in which the number of patients combined with the complexity of the event warrants the declaration of a Level 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 MCI. o Level 5 MCI: A level 5 MCI may produce from 5 to 10 patients. These incidents are typically handled by the department having jurisdiction and do not require extended use of multi-agency resources. The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) can be utilized, but is usually not required during a Level 5 MCI. Type 5 NIMS incident. o Level 4 MCI: A Level 4 MCI produces 10 to 25 patients. Regional and multijurisdictional medical mutual aid is necessary for further diagnosis and treatment. The EOC may be required to assist with the management of a Level 4 MCI. Type 4 NIMS incident. o Level 3 MCI: A Level 3 MCI produces a large amount of casualties - from 25 to 50 patients. A Level 3 MCI exceeds the capabilities and resources routinely available in a single jurisdiction. These incidents will require a concerted multi-agency effort including the activation and management assistance of the EOC. Type 4 to Type 3 NIMS incident. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 2 of 17 o Level 2 MCI: A Level 2 MCI is a major emergency that may produce 50 to 100 patients. A Level 2 MCI requires resources from multiple jurisdictions and will quickly overwhelm the treatment capabilities of local hospitals. These incidents will require a concerted multi-agency effort including the activation and management assistance of local EOC and the hospital’s Medical Surge Area Command (MSAC). Type 3 NIMS incident. o Level 1 MCI: A Level 1 MCI is a major emergency that may produce more than 100 patients. A Level 1 MCI requires resources from multiple jurisdictions and will quickly overwhelm the treatment capabilities of local hospitals. These incidents will require a concerted multi-agency effort including the activation and management assistance of local EOC and the hospital’s Medical Surge Area Command (MSAC). Type 3 NIMS incident. B. Extreme MCI: An Extreme MCI is an event in which the number of patients exceeds 300 or greater. The Mass Casualty Incident Advanced Plan (MCI-A) is included in The Clark County Multi-Jurisdictional Mass Casualty Plan. It provides guidance and procedures for the response to any incident involving 300 or greater casualties hereinto referred to as an Extreme Mass Casualty. It was designed specifically to deal with local disasters including Weapons of Mass Destruction Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and high- yield Explosives or CBRNE. C. Hostile MCI: A Multi-Casualty Incident caused by a deliberate action of an offender to cause harm to others. D. Medical Alarms: A group of engines, truck companies, rescues, and support staff. 1. First Alarm Medical FAO (Task Force): A First Alarm Medical Task Force consists of Three (3) Engines; One (1) Truck; Two (2) Rescues; One (1) BC; One (1) EMS Coordinator/Supervisor and request Two (2) private ambulances. 2. First Alarm Medical Henderson (Task Force): Four (4) Engines; One (1) Truck; Three (3) Rescues; Two (2) BC’s; and Operations Support Officer (OSO). 3. Additional Medical Alarms: Repeat initial Medical Alarm assignment minus the EMS Coordinator/Supervisor or OSO Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 3 of 17 E. Ambulance Strike Team: A group of five (5) ambulances of the same type with common communications and a leader. 1. FD Ambulance Strike Team: Five (5) Fire Department Rescues and One (1) Team Leader. 2. Private Ambulance Strike Team: Five (5) Private Ambulances and One (1) Team Leader. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a SOP# SNFO-11 Page 4 of 17 Appendix 1 – MCI Command Responsibilities The Incident Commander (IC) is responsible for the strategic level of the command structure and should: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Establish overall incident objectives Set priorities Develop an action plan, communicate the plan. Obtain and assign resources. Planning—based on evaluating interventions and predicting outcomes Communicate specific objective to tactical level units Initiate a Unified Command with other agencies, when appropriate. The first-arriving company officer at the scene of a multi-patient or mass casualty incident shall establish Command. The initial Incident Commander (IC) shall remain in Command until Command is transferred or the incident is stabilized and Command is terminated. The IC is responsible for building a command structure that matches the organizational needs of the incident to achieve the tactical objectives. The general tactical objectives, listed in order of priority, are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Provide for the safety, accountability and welfare of rescue personnel and victims. Remove endangered occupants and treat the injured. Stabilize the incident and provide for life safety. Ensure the functions of triage, extrication, treatment and transportation are established as needed and performed appropriately. 5. Conserve property. In addition, the EMS TACTICAL objectives to be completed during any multi-patient/mass casualty incident include: 1. Completion of a “Triage Report” 2. Declaration of “All IMMEDIATES Transported” 3. Declaration of Level 1-5 will be made by the on scene Battalion Chief to dispatch and relayed to the FAO (Fire Alarm Office). Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 5 of 17 Assignments Rescue/Extrication Assigned Early – The IC normally establishes the Rescue/Extrication Group position early in the incident. It is often assigned to the first resource in the area. Additional positions would follow as additional resources arrive on scene. This is where the most resources are needed early. Extrication and initial patient care is manpower intensive. The IC should support this group with adequate resources and equipment. As the incident evolves and resources are no longer needed the Rescue/Extrication Group Supervisor can release personnel to help in other areas. Hazard Zone – Often the Rescue/Extrication Group is operating in the hazard zone with potential risks to personnel and patients. Appropriate PPE should be worn and action should be taken to provide safeguards. Prioritize Patients – Personnel operating within the extrication area generally do primary care on the patients and then coordinate the transport of patients to the triage area. Where possible, critical patients should be extricated, triaged and delivered to the treatment area ahead of more stable patients. To do this there must be some interface with the medical group. Responsibilities – The Rescue/Extrication Group Supervisor is responsible for managing the rescue of entrapped victims. This requires: 1. Determination of resources needed to extricate patients Rescue tools Backboards Personnel 2. Communicate resource requirements to IC 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Provide tactical direction and supervision to assigned crews Ensure safety of members operating in the area Ensure efficiency of Rescue/Extrication operations Coordinate patient transportation to triage area Coordinate with Treatment Unit for patient care during rescue operation Provide IC with progress reports Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 6 of 17 Medical Group Responsibilities – The Medical Group Supervisor controls the activities within the Medical Group in order to assure the best possible emergency medical care to patients during a multi-casualty incident. The Medical Group Supervisor reports to the IC and supervises the Triage Unit Leader, and Treatment Unit Leader. The additional responsibilities of this position are: 1. Establishes medical group with assigned personnel; requests additional personnel and resources sufficient to handle the magnitude of the incident. 2. Designates Triage Unit Leader and Treatment Unit Leader and designates locations for triage and treatment. 3. Isolates morgue and minor treatment areas apart from immediate and delayed treatment areas. 4. Determines the amount of medical supplies and resources needed (medical caches, backboards, O2, medications, IV’s, splints, bandages, etc.) 5. Establishes communication and coordination with Transportation Group Supervisor. 6. Ensures proper security, traffic control, and access through medical group area. Triage Unit – The Triage Unit Leader is responsible for the triage and tagging of all patients at major incidents. Personnel assigned to triage must have the basic medical skills to make appropriate triage decisions. Triage and tagging may take place in either the extrication area or at the entry to the treatment area. In either case, close coordination must be maintained with the treatment unit and Extrication Group. The Triage Unit Leader reports to the Medical Group Supervisor. Additional responsibilities of the Triage Unit Leader are: 1. Ensure that all patients are assessed and sorted in accordance with appropriate triage protocol. START Triage, RPM, 30-2-Can do. 2. Determine resources required to conduct triage. Communications Personnel Equipment and supplies Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a SOP# SNFO-11 Page 7 of 17 Communicate resource requirement to Medical Group Supervisor Develop triage organization Ensure safety and security of all members operating in the triage area Ensure efficiency of triage operation Provide progress reports to Medical Group Supervisor Coordinate patient movement from triage to treatment Treatment Unit – The Treatment Unit Leader will establish an area where patients can be collected and treated. The Treatment Unit Leader is responsible for the overall management of patient care delivery in the treatment area. It is in the treatment area that extensive treatment and advanced life support care are conducted. Additional responsibilities include: 1. Identify and establish a suitable area Upwind and uphill Sufficient space Unimpeded access and egress 2. Identify and request additional needed resources Communications Personnel Equipment and supplies 3. Coordinate with Triage Unit Leader the movement of patients from triage area 4. Ensure patients received in treatment area are: Separated by triage category Reassessed and re-triaged as appropriate 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Receive prompt treatment in accordance to ALS/BLS guidelines Establish communication and coordination with Transportation Group Supervisor Assign, supervise and coordinate personnel within area Ensure efficiency of treatment operations Direct movement of patients to ambulance loading area Provide progress reports to Medical Group Supervisor Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a SOP# SNFO-11 Page 8 of 17 If the incident scene is very large, it may be necessary to establish more than one treatment area in different locations. Branch operations may be required to coordinate these efforts. Geographic designations (i.e., “East Treatment”, “West Treatment”) should be utilized (“Transportation Branch, Multiple Site Coordination”). When transportation is immediately available, transportation of the patient becomes a priority over extended on-site treatment. Note: As with any other ICS organization, unassigned responsibilities of any group or division remain with the supervisor. If the Medical Group Supervisor does not assign a Triage and Treatment Unit leader, they are still responsible for triage and treatment. On smaller MCI incidents the Medical Group Supervisor will not need to create these units. They will only require additional manpower to assist with triage, treatment and the movement of patients to transportation vehicles. Remember; only make the ICS structure as big as it needs to be. On larger incidents with a large number of casualties these positions will not only be helpful, but necessary. Transportation Group Responsibilities – The Transportation Group Supervisor is responsible for overall management of patient movement from the scene to the receiving hospitals. Special attention must be given to the needs of the patient and whether transportation to a specialty hospital is required (trauma, burns, pediatric, etc.). In addition, the ability of the receiving hospital to handle additional patients must be a part of the decision making process. Additional responsibilities include: 1. Identify and request additional resources Request ground and air ambulances as needed (Consider requesting a Supervisor when utilizing private ambulance) Communications Personnel 2. Designate ambulance staging area 3. Coordinate transportation of patients with Treatment Unit Leader 4. Coordinate air ambulance transportation. Landing Zone (Helispot) requirements: Minimum safe distance from incident personnel 500 ft. Must have a minimum of 100 ft. in all directions of any and all obstructions. Maximum slope angle of 10 degrees. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a SOP# SNFO-11 Page 9 of 17 Hard surface or packed/wet down dirt, a wet down of the area will minimize brownout (zero visibility) conditions from loose dirt and rotor wash. No loose debris. No overhead obstructions (power lines, antennas, and buildings). 5. Maintain Patient tracking records When all IMMEDIATE patients have been transported from the scene, Transportation should notify Command. A declaration by Command to Dispatch of “All IMMEDIATES Transported” is an EMS tactical benchmark. Morgue Depending on the size of the incident, a separate morgue area may need to be established for deceased patients from the Triage and Treatment areas. Area should be separate from Triage and Treatment areas Area should be protected from public and media Area should be protected and monitored Consider use of Police for this assignment Safety Command should assign Safety Officer as soon as the basic Division / Groups / Units have been established. Staging As the incident escalates, a Staging Area Manager may be required. To avoid scene congestion, a Level II staging area may be identified for any First Alarm Medical incident. Additional Resources should be requested using standard assignments and alarms as much as possible (e.g., 2-1 Medical, 1st Alarm Medical, 2nd Alarm Medical, etc.) This will facilitate an incremental approach to the incident, similar to firefighting operations, and provide predictable resources. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a SOP# SNFO-11 Page 10 of 17 Medical Supply Medical Supply Group/Unit is responsible for the procurement, delivery and stockpiling of medical supplies needed at the scene. This Group/Unit should be established on large incidents (25 or more patients). Capabilities The Medical Supply Group/Unit will provide the following to other Group/Units as needed: Provide EMS supplies (triage tags, IVs, backboards, trauma supplies, gloves, goggles, masks, etc.). Provide biohazard supplies (biohazard trash containers, biohazard plastic bags, sharps containers, etc.) Provide oxygen refill. Set up an oxygen manifold. Obtain needed offsite supplies *Note: Depending on how far you expand the Incident Command System, each of these assignments may be designated either Unit, Group or Branch. Incident command structure for a Level 5 Response (10 or fewer patients) Incident Command Rescue Extrication Medical Possible LZ (Helispot)/Group On smaller incidents the Incident Commander will typically only need to establish 2-3 Groups: Rescue Extrication, Medical and possibly LZ (Helispot). The IC must insure that each group has adequate resources to operate effectively. In this situation Medical Group will be responsible for Triage and Treatment without formally breaking them down into units. If the Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 11 of 17 incident has 4 or 5 critical patients, the IC may opt to establish a Transportation Group to handle the larger amount of rescues and organize patient destination. Incident command structure for a Level 4 Response (10 to 25 patients) Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a Page 12 of 17 SOP# SNFO-11 Incident Command Structure for a large incident: Greater than 25 patients COMMAND SA – Dep/IC LOGISTICS SECTION PLANNING SECTION SAFETY STAGING POLICE PIO ADMINISTRATION SECTION FIRE BRANCH OCCUPANT SERVICES OPERATIONS SECTION HAZ MAT BRANCH TECHNICAL RESCUE BRANCH TRANSPORTATION BRANCH MEDICAL BRANCH TRIAGE TREATMENT EXTRICATION MORGUE MEDICAL SUPPLY HOSPITAL COMMUNICATION COORDINATOR AMBULANCE STAGING MANGER IMMEDIATE DELAYED MINOR AIR OPERATIONS LZ (Helispot) An Example of a fully expanded ICS system for an MCI. The IC can expand or collapse the system as needed. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 13 of 17 Appendix 2 – Extreme MCI Command Responsibilities Assignments/Responsibilities Initial Arriving Company Recognize the magnitude of the event – stop short Establish Command (BIR) Request additional resources and designate level II staging location and radio channel Identify a holding area for ambulatory victims Initiate “Sifting” of ambulatory victims to holding area o The “sifting” procedure is considered a self-triage system. The fact that these patients have been ambulatory for several minutes post event, can follow directions, and can walk the short distance to the holding area, supports the assumption that they are less contaminated/injured than those remaining in the Hot and Warm Zones and quite likely are not contaminated/injured at all. Isolate hazard area If applicable to the incident, utilize HazMat IQ evaluation system Rescue Extrication Group Ensure scene safety of hazard area If hazardous materials are suspected this group will work under the supervision of the Hazmat Team Ensure proper PPE Rescue and remove viable non-ambulatory victims from the hazard area Ensure proper decontamination if required Initial decontamination will consist of some form of gross mass decontamination. These procedures aim at removing the worst surface contamination from large numbers of victims. Mass decontamination can be either wet or dry. o Wet Mass Decon - This is a gross decon process that uses large volumes of lowpressure water to reduce the level of contamination. This operation includes removing victims clothing and flushing them with water from handheld lines and master streams from a fire apparatus. Wet decon will require: water, areas for both male and female, privacy to undress/dress, and a holding area for clothes and personal belongings. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 14 of 17 o Dry Mass Decon – This system is designed for non-critical patients to clean themselves. Dry decon kits should be requested from command. These kits include: A large trash bag for victims to undress inside (cut a hole for their head). A smaller bag for their clothes Sani-wipes to clean off any residue. Armband and matching tag for clothes bag Deliver patients to the triage area of the Medical Group Holding Area Group Manage and organize the patients in the holding area Ensure that all patients are assessed and sorted in accordance with appropriate triage protocol. START Triage, RPM, 30-2-Can do. Re-triage patients every 30 minutes or sooner by patient condition Coordinate with 2nd Opinion Group for questionable patients Determine the need for wet or dry decon and complete (if needed) Coordinate the movement of patients to the casualty collection point (if required) 2nd Opinion Group Responsible to manage questionable patients (those showing increasing signs of illness/injury) who have exited the warm zone Ensure proper PPE to handle contaminated patients Move questionable patients to proper area (decon, triage, treatment) Medical Group Responsible for the triage and initial treatment of patients requiring transportation to area hospitals Only the critically ill/injured (immediates) will be transported to the hospitals Delayed and Minor patients will be transported to the casualty collection point or treated on scene Ensure a smooth flow of patients through the triage and treatment areas to the transportation group Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: 03/02/2015 n/a MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES SOP# SNFO-11 Page 15 of 17 Transportation Group Responsible for the movement of critically ill/injured patients to the area hospitals Contact hospitals to obtain a bed count Establish ambulance staging area with easy access/exit Maintain accountability of patients and destinations Casualty Collection Points – Five designated locations configured to hold large numbers of sick or injured patients. Each casualty collection point will be augmented by an ambulance strike team. Thomas & Mack Center Cashman Field Las Vegas Convention Center Las Vegas International Speedway Sam Boyd Stadium Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a Page 16 of 17 SOP# SNFO-11 Initial On Scene Organizational Chart Incident Command Holding Area Group Rescue/Ext. Group Medical Group Triage Unit Transportation Group 2nd Opinion Group Treatment Unit Hot Zone - Deceased Warm Zone non-ambulatory Cold Zone Sifting Initial Arriving Company Establish Command BIR Holding Area Request Resources Begin “Sifting” ambulatory to Holding Area. Southern Nevada Fire Operations STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Effective date: Supersedes: MULTI-CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI) PROCEDURES 03/02/2015 n/a SOP# SNFO-11 Page 17 of 17 Hot Zone - Deceased Warm Zone non-ambulatory Rescue/Ext Decon CP Cold Zone To Hospital Hazmat Medical Triage Holding Area TX Transport Loading 2nd opinion To Casualty Collection Point Ambulance Staging Southern Nevada Fire Operations (SNFO) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EQUIPMENT Effective date: Supersedes: BALLISTIC PPE 2/17/2016 N/A SOP# SNFO-13 Page 1 of 2 PURPOSE The purpose of this procedure is to establish guidelines for the use of Fire Department Ballistic Personal Protective Equipment (BPPE). This procedure applies to all fire/rescue operations personnel. DEFINITIONS Hostile Mass Casualty Incident (HMCI): Any MCI where the cause of injuries is a suspected hostile act, such as a mass shooting or bombing. HMCI Warm Zone: Area(s) where law enforcement have passed through and swept for hostile threats. Personnel should operate under the pretense that a threat is not expected, but cannot be ruled out completely PROCEDURE 1. Ballistic PPE A. The fire department BPPE ensemble includes: One (1) Ballistic Vest (with front and back level IV ballistic plates), two (2) Fire/Medical identifiers, and One (1) Level IIIA Ballistic Helmet. 2. Proper Wear A. The ballistic vest should be adjusted to place the top of the frontal plate at the sternal notch (top of sternum). All straps should be secured and adjusted to prevent excessive movement of the vest. B. The ballistic helmet will be worn with the chinstrap secured and the ratchet adjusted to insure the helmet will remain in place. C. Safety glasses and medical gloves will also be utilized with Ballistic PPE. 3. Use A. BPPE is an additional safety tool that can be used by personnel at any time they feel it can provide protection from a perceived threat. B. BPPE shall be utilized by any personnel assigned to operate within the warm zone of a Hostile MCI. Southern Nevada Fire Operations (SNFO) STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES EQUIPMENT Effective date: Supersedes: BALLISTIC PPE 2/17/2016 N/A SOP# SNFO-13 Page 2 of 2 C. BPPE shall be utilized by personnel assigned to Force Protection or Transfer Teams at an Active Assailant incident, or other Hostile MCI. D. BPPE shall be utilized by personnel when deemed appropriate by an Officer on scene. 4. Maintenance A. Ballistic PPE will be stored inside the provided bag (2 sets per bag). This bag will be placed on each apparatus in a location easily assessable to personnel. B. Avoid dropping Ballistic PPE onto any hard surface. The ballistic plates can be damaged from significant impact. Report any damage to the plates, vests, or helmets through your chain of command. C. Ballistic PPE will be inspected per agency policy, but not less than monthly. Members should inspect for tears, cracks, buckle function, plate damage, strap condition, and helmet carriage status. D. If Ballistic PPE becomes contaminated; secure and report through your chain of command. They will arrange for pick-up, replacement and decontamination. SOUTHERN NEVADA FIRE OPERATIONS High-Rise Operations Revised May 25, 2011 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 3 OVERVIEW OF POSITIONS........................................................................................................................ 4 INCIDENT COMMANDER........................................................................................................................... 5 SAFETY OFFICER PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER LIAISON OFFICER OPERATIONS SECTION CHIEF................................................................................................................. 9 STAGING MANAGER REHAB OFFICER FIRE MEDICAL OFFICER ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICER (IF NECESSARY) EQUIPMENT OFFICER (IF NECESSARY) BRANCHES.................................................................................................................................................. 15 FIRE BRANCH DIRECTOR EMS BRANCH DIRECTOR AIR OPS BRANCH DIRECTOR (IF REQUIRED) DIVISIONS/GROUPS.................................................................................................................................. 18 INVESTIGATIONS GROUP SUPERVISOR RAPID INTERVENTION (RIT) GROUP SUPERVISOR VENTILATION GROUP SUPERVISOR (IF REQUIRED) EVACUATION GROUP SUPERVISOR LOGISTICS SECTION CHIEF................................................................................................................... 21 LOBBY CONTROL OFFICER BASE MANAGER GROUND SUPPORT M ANAGER COMMUNICATIONS UNIT LEADER PLANNING SECTION CHIEF.................................................................................................................... 27 RESOURCE UNIT SITUATION UNIT DOCUMENTATION UNIT TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS UNIT FINANCE/ADMINISTRATION SECTION CHIEF................................................................................... 32 ORDER OF ASSIGNMENT......................................................................................................................... 33 TYPICAL FIRST-ALARM ASSIGNMENT TYPICAL FIRST-ALARM ICS ORG CHART TYPICAL 2ND ALARM UPGRADES TYPICAL 2ND ALARM ICS ORG CHART TYPICAL 3RD ALARM UPGRADES TYPICAL 3RD ALARM ICS ORG CHART COMMUNICATIONS PLAN....................................................................................................................... 41 COMMUNICATIONS PLAN CHART EVACUATIONS........................................................................................................................................... 44 1 ACCOUNTABILITY.................................................................................................................................... 47 TACTICAL WORKSHEETS....................................................................................................................... 48 PERSONNEL ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT (PAR)................................................................................ 50 CHECKLISTS.............................................................................................................................................. 51 INCIDENT COMMAND CHECKLIST INVESTIGATIONS GROUP CHECKLIST STAGING CHECKLIST REHAB CHECKLIST FIRE MEDICAL CHECKLIST ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICER CHECKLIST EQUIPMENT OFFICER CHECKLIST RIT CHECKLIST LOBBY CHECKLIST SYSTEMS CONTROL UNIT CHECKLIST............................................................................................... 62 (FIRE CONTROL ROOM) BASE CHECKLIST 2 Introduction The Las Vegas Valley has a diverse skyline including hotel/casinos, business complexes, and luxury residential towers. The valley is unique from other locales in that the vast majority of our high rises are of a modern design, utilizing modern life safety equipment. To ensure the highest level of safety for all first responders and the citizens we serve, all Valley Fire Departments have come to a consensus on the best practices for use in any and all high-rise incidents. There are many scenarios in which serious high-rise incidents can, and will occur. This manual is an outline of the incident management system, resource allocation, resource deployment, and tactical objectives that have been adopted by all Las Vegas Valley Fire Departments to mitigate high-rise emergencies. This is not intended to be a comprehensive ICS manual. Instead, it will focus on ICS positions and tactical situations unique to high-rise operations. While each high-rise incident may be unique, they all share enough common characteristics to warrant the guidelines set forth in this manual. This manual is a framework that the Incident Commander can build upon. 3 Overview of Positions Positions in the Incident Management System (IMS) as they relate to High-Rise Operations Typical High Rise Incident Organizational Chart Division Division Division Triage 4 Treatment Transport Incident Command Incident Commander The responsibility of the IC after activation of an Operation Section Chief may be summarized as follows: Review and evaluate the IAP and initiate any needed changes Provide ongoing review of the overall incident (The Big Picture) Participate in the development of the IAP Select priorities Staff Command and General Staff functions as necessary Provide direction to Command and General Staff Review the organizational structure and initiate change or expansion to meet incident needs Establish liaison with other internal agencies not directly involved in incident operations, outside agencies, and property owners and/or tenants Maintain sufficient Command personnel to support the Incident to its conclusion Strategic Objectives of the Incident Commander include: Ensure safety of emergency personnel and public Limit loss of life Limit property damage Utilize resources efficiently and effectively Ensure adequate fire ground communication Ensure prompt and orderly demobilization 5 Safety Officer The Safety Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Identifies existing or potential hazards and informs Command of those findings Recommends to the IC any changes to the Incident Action Plan as a result of the ongoing surveys Has the authority to alter, suspend, or terminate any activity that is an unacceptable safety risk Investigates accidents that have occurred within the incident area Requests assistance as needed When operating in forward or otherwise hazardous positions, the Safety Officer must be attired in appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA); have radio communication equipment; and be accompanied by another responder. 6 Public Information Officer The Public Information Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Relay accurate and complete information regarding incident cause, size, current situation, resources committed, and other matters of general interest Normally be the point of contact for the media and other governmental agencies that desire information directly from the incident Determines from Command any limits on information release Provide a link with the Joint Information Center (JIC) when established Obtains media information that may be useful to incident planning In either a Single or Unified Command structure only one Public Information Officer would be designated. Assistants may be assigned from other agencies or departments involved. 7 Liaison Officer The Liaison Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Point of contact for representatives from assisting or cooperating agencies Coordinate the representatives from assisting or cooperating agencies (Agency Representatives) Participates in planning meetings; provide current resource status of assisting agencies, including capabilities and limitations 8 Ground Support Division Division Division Division Operations Section Chief The Operations Section Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Manage tactical activities Coordinate activities with the IC Participate in development of the IAP Briefs and assigns Operations personnel to support the strategic objectives Implement the Operations portion of the IAP Keeps Command informed about special activities, events, and occurrences Assign resources to tactical level areas based on incident objectives and strategies Build an effective organizational structure through the use of Branches and Divisions/Groups Provide tactical objectives for the Divisions/Groups Control Staging and Air Operations Provide for life safety Determine needs and request additional resources Consult with and inform the other members of the General and Command Staff as needed 9 Staging Rehab Accountability Fire/Medical Equipment Staging Manager Description A Staging Area is a location (normally two floors below fire floor), designated within the incident area that is used to temporarily locate resources that are immediately available for assignment. The Staging Manager has the following duties and responsibilities: Establishes staging area layout to include: - Reserve forces - Rehab - Fire Medical - Equipment - SCBA bottles, separate full and empty areas - An area for *Recycle Responds to requests for resources from Operations Maintains at least three companies in Staging ready for deployment on working incidents Maintains adequate equipment reserves Establishes the Rehab area with adequate manpower and resources Maintains Staging in an orderly condition, and control entry and exit from the Staging area Posts a member at each stairwell to prevent companies from bypassing Staging Manpower permitting, establishes a guide to direct crews in and out of Staging and Rehab Utilizes floor layout as much as possible to reduce traffic congestion Request logistical support from the Logistics Section Chief as needed Routes arriving and departing companies Establishes the Accountability and Equipment positions Reports all Firefighter injuries through the Chain-of-Command 10 *Recycle Crews will be entering the staging area for recycle. These crews are not considered recycle area and assisted if necessary, in replacing their SCBA cylinder and re-hydrating. As soon as this is accomplished the crews should return to their forward area for deployment. 11 Rehab Officer Description The purpose of the responder rehabilitation (or rehab), is to evaluate and assist personnel who may be suffering from the effects of sustained physical exertion during emergency operations. The Rehab Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Manages all firefighter related rehabilitation issues in Staging 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Maintains record of companies in Rehab: Assignment coming from Time in Vitals Time out Assignment going into Measures vitals for ALL personnel reporting to Rehab Reports anomalies to Fire Medical 12 Fire Medical Officer The Fire Medical Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Manages all firefighter related EMS issues in Staging Evaluates personnel as requested Assists Rehab, workload permitting Maintains readiness to respond to medical emergencies Monitors the operations channel during a rapid intervention situation to coordinate patient delivery with RIT Coordinates with the EMS Branch to receive injured Firefighters if necessary. Reports injuries to Fire Personnel through the Chain of Command 13 Accountability Officer (If Necessary) The Accountability Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Established by Staging Manager Tracks location and times for all units in Staging, Rehab, Fire Medical, and Operations Determines when a responder(s) is delayed from an assignment, in-transit, or unaccounted for Identify and document the entry and exit of individual responders into the hazard zone (that is point of entry) Equipment Officer (If Necessary) The Equipment Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Established by Staging Manager Manages all equipment related issues in Staging Requests resources directly through Base in order to minimize unnecessary radio traffic Maintains an accurate inventory list of items in and above Staging Maintains a record of equipment ordered, time ordered, and time delivered Prioritizes equipment needs Develops equipment inventory lists and orders specific quantities from Base 14 Branches The following factors may cause an IC to consider the creation of a Branch or Branches: The span of control for the number of Division/Groups in place begins to become unwieldy or unmanageable The incident becomes more complex (for example, multi-jurisdictional, worsening conditions) The incident has two or more distinctly different operations (for example, fire, medical, hazardous materials, law enforcement) The Branch Director has the following general duties and responsibilities: Implement and control their specific portion of the Incident Action Plan Coordinate the activities of the units within the Branch Evaluate progress toward goals and objectives, and requests additional resources as needed Assigns specific tasks to Divisions, Groups, and resources within the Branch Communicate progress and resource needs with the IC, or Operations Chief (if staffed) Provide for safety and accountability of all resources assigned within the Branch 15 Fire Branch Director The Fire Branch has the following duties and responsibilities: Manage the activities of all Divisions involved in attacking the fire Manage the activities of all Divisions and Groups involved in Evacuation Reports to IC, or Operations (if staffed) EMS Branch Director The EMS Branch Director has the following duties and responsibilities: Triage, Treatment, and Transport of any and all civilian casualties Coordinate with Evacuation Group for removal of victims to treatment area Located outside of the structure, separate from Fire Medical / Rehab If necessary, EMS Branch can coordinate with Logistics/Fire Medical/Rehab for continuing treatment and transport of personnel injured during the Incident. (See page 47 for Details) Reports to IC, or Operations (if staffed) 16 Manage Private Ambulance resources and utilize those resources to transport civilian casualties Air Ops Branch Director (If Required) The Air Branch has the following duties and responsibilities: Manages communication with the jurisdictions providing air support (Helicopter support can include rescue operations, shuttling of personnel and equipment to the roof, and aerial reconnaissance) Establish suitable LZ(s) with security personnel at each (utilize PD if necessary) Coordinate all air-based activity Helicopter support may be supplied by the LVMPD, medical helicopters, and/or Air Force helicopters based at Nellis Helicopter access to the roof may be severely limited or impossible due to roof obstructions, weight restrictions, weather, etc. 17 Divisions/Groups The Division/Group supervisor has the following general duties and responsibilities: Complete tactical assignments Account for all resources and assigned personnel Ensure that operations are conducted safely Monitor work progress Redirect activities as necessary Coordinate actions with related activities and adjacent Division/Groups Monitor welfare of assigned personnel and rotate companies through Rehab as needed Request additional resources as needed Provide immediate superior with essential and timely progress reports Reallocate or release resources within the Division/Group 18 Investigations Group Supervisor The Investigations Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Obtain information and keys (one set) from building personnel Identify Stairwell to be used by FD personnel Communicate pick up point for keys and distributes appropriately Follow department elevator procedure Ascend with second company Initial investigation of conditions on ascent and on the fire floor Check floors below for conditions, floor plan, and status of occupants and reports findings Identify a suitable area for Staging, preferably two floors below fire, and drops off extra equipment Hook up to standpipe one floor below the fire floor Stay on room air as long as possible to conserve breathing air Report condition of elevator lobby on fire floor (if possible) Establish a Division on fire floor prior to attack Rapid Intervention (RIT) Group Supervisor Description The RIT group is comprised of responders who are attired and equipped to perform the actions necessary to affect the rescue of other emergency workers. The RIT group should maintain awareness of where resources are committed on the incident. The RIT Group shall operate in accordance with the procedures outlined in SNFO-03. More than one Rapid Intervention Team may be needed depending on how many floors have crews operating in IDLH atmospheres. The RIT Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Designated by Command from first-arriving units Drops off extra equipment in designated Staging area Orients team to floor plan if Staging floor is the same as fire floor Remains in a state of readiness with crew intact until relieved -rise hose pack un-deployed for maximum mobility until needed in a rapid intervention operation Establish location for deployment in Staging Area or other suitable forward position Deploys only upon order from IC, Ops, or Fire Branch Starts the search for a missing Firefighter at the last known location Upon egress with a downed Firefighter, coordinates with Fire Medical/Rehab for a pick up point 19 Ventilation Group Supervisor (If Required) The Ventilation Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Directs all ventilation related activities within the structure With assistance from Systems Control Unit, uses HVAC system to help evacuate smoke. This should usually only be done in modern high-rises Breaks windows only after thorough consideration and radio coordination with Operations/Command. Area below must be clear High-rises with Lexan windows should have designated breakout windows in or near every corner of the building. These windows are tempered glass similar to car windows and break Coordinate the use of multiple fans (if needed) to pressurize stairwells and upper floors Some form of horizontal ventilation will usually be most effective Ventilation in the FD stairwell may need special consideration due to blocked open doors Evacuation Group Supervisor The Evacuations Group has the following duties and responsibilities: Search and Evacuation of all endangered, or designated occupants Coordinate with IC, (Operations, or Fire Branch if staffed) to establish a containment area for evacuees Coordinate with Systems Control Unit to use Public Address system as an aide in the evacuation process Di For additional Evacuation considerations, refer to the Evacuation section in this manual 20 Logistics Section Chief The Logistics Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Provide for medical aid for incident personnel and manage responder rehabilitation Coordinate immediate critical incident stress debriefing function Coordinate the movement (below the Staging Floor) of injured personnel, including transport to the appropriate facility Provide and manage any needed supplies or equipment Participate in the development of the IAP Forecast and obtain future resource needs (coordinate with the Planning Section) Provide fuel and needed repairs for equipment Obtain specialized equipment or expertise per the Incident Commander Provide food and associated supplies Secure any needed fixed or portable facilities Provide any other logistical needs as requested by the Incident Commander Supervise assigned personnel 21 Lobby Control Officer Description The responsibilities for Lobby Control at a High Rise incident are extensive. Lobby Control should be a priority like Staging, and it is recommended that it be established on all working High Rise incidents from the first alarm assignment. The Lobby Control Officer reports to the Logistics Section Chief or the Incident Commander if the Logistics position has not been established. The Lobby Control Officer has the following duties and responsibilities: Use the building communications system to address civilian occupants. This function can be assigned and facilitated by the Systems Control Unit when implemented Pressurize the stairwells with fans when the building HVAC cannot be used Determine occupant egress to ensure a safe corridor for exiting people (consider the use of police officers to control civilians evacuated from the building). Direct personnel to move occupants a minimum of 200 feet from the building Use of fire line tape may assist in directing personnel and civilians Distributes and utilizes elevator phones when possible - Coordinate the use of elevators by Recalling elevators; identifies elevators that do not recall Determines if and when elevators may be used Assigns elevator operators Identifies and controls all access points to upper floors Lobby shall fulfill the duties of Logistics Section Chief until that position is filled 22 Base Manager Description The Base area of a High Rise structural incident serves as an assembly and deployment point from which large quantities of personnel and equipment are distributed. The Base Manager has the following duties and responsibilities: Verify location of Base with the Incident Commander Ensure that the Base location is a safe distance from the building (generally 200 feet or more from the structure) Determine the most effective access route to Base for responding resources Directs all companies arriving on scene and being assigned to the incident Establish one or more safe routes to the fire building Maintain an accurate log of apparatus, equipment, and available personnel within Base Coordinate movement of equipment and resources into the fire building through Lobby Control Establish equipment pools by priority of need according to the Incident Action Plan Ensure that Base resources (apparatus, equipment, and personnel) are requested through dispatch, before they are actually needed Maintains a minimum of three companies in Base ready for deployment Requests extra personnel to be assigned to assist Base as needed Directs delivery of equipment from Base to Lobby Directs companies from Base to Lobby Controls entry to, and exit from Base Secures perimeter; utilizing PD if necessary Keeps companies together at their apparatus May utilize unassigned companies for tasks at Base (Companies must be available for Assignment by Command) 23 Parks apparatus to ensure free movement (usually diagonally) Assembles arriving members and advises command of their availability Supply auxiliary water to the entry point of the stairwell for use by Ground Support personnel if needed 24 Ground Support Manager Description The Ground Support function (previously Stairwell Support) is implemented when equipment needs to be moved to Staging via stairwells or when an additional water supply is needed. The Ground Support Manager has the following duties and responsibilities: Coordinate the transport of equipment via stairwells to the staging floor Coordinate with Base to get auxiliary water to stairwell entry point and advance to requested point of delivery Posts a Firefighter every two floors to establish an equipment shuttle If placing an auxiliary water supply through the center of the stairwell, secures the wye and secures the hose every other floor, below couplings when possible Assign one Officer for every five Firefighters assigned (if available) Observe Firefighters for signs of fatigue and provide timely relief Considers two member teams for extended operations, alternating rest periods Ensures personnel have PPE, including SCBA, close at hand in case conditions in stairwell deteriorate Provides auxiliary lighting if necessary 25 Communications Unit Leader Description The Communications Unit Leader reports to the Logistics Section Chief and ensures that an effective communication system is maintained between the Incident Commander and incident personnel. The communications system includes: Portable radios Spare batteries Cellular phones Buildings sound powered system 26 Planning Section Chief Description The Planning Section Chief serves are needed. The Planning Section Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Evaluate current strategy and plan with the IC Maintain resource status and personnel accountability Refine and recommend any needed changes to plan with Operations Section input Evaluate incident organization and span of control Participate in the development of the IAP Forecast possible outcomes and develop contingency plans Evaluate future resource requirements Utilize technical assistance as needed Evaluate incident objectives, specific critical factors, and safety Gather, update, improve, and manage situation status with a standard systematic approach Coordinate planning needs with any available outside agencies Plan for incident demobilization Maintain incident records 27 Resource Unit Description Tracks information related to the control of resources including: Work force on scene, including assignments Apparatus on scene, including geographic position Agencies on scene Maintains a master check-in list of personnel and resources 28 Situation Unit Description Collects and updates information regarding weather, traffic, or any other relevant data. Information collected will be displayed for use by Planning and Command, and may include: Current status of the Incident (What has happened and, What is happening now) Forecast status of the Incident (What may happen in the future) 29 Documentation Unit Description Provides a comprehensive and chronological record of the Incident activities including: Incident Reports Communication logs Injury reports and claims Situation Status Reports Post-Incident analysis 30 Technical Specialists Unit Description The Technical Specialists Unit is responsible for coordinating the activities of and technical advice of such agencies as: Building Engineers Elevator Company representatives Structural Engineers and Architects Any other specialists needed to assist in mitigating the incident Technical Specialists perform under the direction of the Fire Department Specialists may be assigned to ICS elements other than Planning. Care must be taken to keep technical specialists out of hazardous areas 31 Finance/Administration Section Chief The Finance/Administration Section Chief has the following duties and responsibilities: Procure services and/or supplies from sources within and outside of the fire department as requested by Command Document all financial costs of the incident Participate in the development of the IAP Document for possible cost recovery of services and/or supplies Analyze and advise the IC on legal issues for incidents (for example, hazardous materials cleanup) Document for compensation and claims of injury Obtain any and all needed incident documentation for potential cost recovery efforts 32 Order of Assignment Introduction This section will address the standard order of assignment for Incident Management and Tactical d unless there are special circumstances. The Incident Commander has the authority to deviate from this plan based upon the needs of the incident. Some things to consider before making assignments are: visible fire conditions security reports horizontally vs. vertically extending fire need for auxiliary water supply rescue or evacuation problems, etc. Unless specifically needed and assigned to other duties, Engineers should remain with their Company. This will ensure that the maximum possible manpower is applied to critical assignments as well as simplify accountability. 33 Typical First-Alarm assignment Company # 1 Respond requested e -up, give Brief Initial Report, and establish Command, and designate Base channel for 2nd and greater alarm units if needed. Meet with security or other building representative if applicable. Start ascent only when accompanied by 2nd Company. When the first arriving Battalion Chief assumes Command, become Investigations Group, and continue up to the fire floor. Check status of lower floors, including evacuation in progress, floor layout, location of fire doors, and location of standpipe outlets, and a suitable floor for Staging. Change Investigations to the appropriate Division (according to floor number) upon arrival at the fire floor. Company # 2 Assemble equipment and ascend (entire crew) to fire floor with Company #1, assist with the fire attack in that Division. (Leave extra equipment on staging floor) Company # 3 Assemble equipment and ascend (entire crew) to fire floor to assist with the fire Attack in that Division. (Leave extra equipment on staging floor) Company # 4 Assemble equipment and ascend (entire crew) to fire floor to assist with the fire attack in that Division. (Leave extra equipment on staging floor) * Note Two Engineers from these first four Companies shall be utilized to supply the FDC * Note One of the Officers from these first four Companies shall assume the role of Division Supervisor. The Supervisor shall manage the *recycle, and all other activities within that Division. Company # 5 Establish Lobby Control Company # 6 Assemble equipment and ascends to the floor above the fire for Recon and Evacuation. (Becomes Division ##) Company # 7 Establishes Staging two (2) floors below the fire floor. Company # 8 Reports through the staging area to take up RIT position *Should be filled by Heavy Rescue if available Rescue # 1 Responds to the Fire Control Room and assumes the role of Systems Control Unit. Assess panels, report on the status of, and control the building systems. Rescue # 2 Gather necessary equipment and ascend to Staging to assume Fire Medical Rescue # 3 Gather necessary equipment and ascend to Staging to assist with Fire Medical Battalion # 1 Assumes Command and establishes Command Post 34 Battalion # 2 Assumes Deputy IC role *Recycle/On Deck 35 Typical First-Alarm ICS Org Chart (BC #1) 36 Typical 2nd Alarm Upgrades First arriving company to establish Base Incident Commanders shall deploy resources from the 2nd and greater alarms to match the tactical needs of the incident. The following is a sample deployment of a 2nd alarm: 4 Companies to Staging 2 Companies to establish Evacuations Group under Fire Branch. 1 company to supplement RIT (Should be filled by Heavy Rescue if available) 1 company to supplement Lobby Rescues can be used to fill in, but should be considered to staff the EMS Branch Battalion # 1 to establish and assume leadership of Fire Branch Battalion # 2 to assume the role of Deputy for the Fire Branch Director or other assignment Battalion # 3 & 4 to assume Incident Command and Logistics Section Arriving Chief Officer/Aide to fill the role of Deputy IC/Planning Section/etc. **Additional Chief Officers and Support Staff to report to Incident Command Post for assignment. 37 Typical 2nd Alarm ICS Org Chart Division ?? Company #1 Company #2 Company #3 Company #4 Division ?? Company #5 Evacuations 2nd Alarm Companies Ambulance Staging 38 Typical 3rd and Subsequent Alarm Upgrades Incident Commanders shall deploy resources from the 3rd and greater alarms to match the tactical needs of the incident Priority should be given to supporting units on and above the fire floors, and units actively working on evacuation Battalion # 3 may assume leadership of the Operations (Ops) Section Battalion # 4 may assume the role of Deputy Operations Chief or other appropriate assignment Deputy Chief # 1 Assume Command At this point in the Incident, Chief Officers should be working towards establishing a Command Post and staffing those C-Staff and G-Staff positions as may be necessary to manage the event. Arriving Chief Officer / Aide to establish and assume leadership of the Logistics Section **** 4th and subsequent alarms shall mirror 3rd alarm resources, and shall be assigned at the discretion of the Incident Commander 39 Typical 3rd Alarm ICS Org Chart Safety PIO Liaison Ambulance Staging 40 Communications Plan The following Communications plan was developed in an effort to improve overall communications within the Incident. The plan attempts to outline who will talk with whom, and on which (Operations) channel can overwhelm the channel, and that many crews on that channel are operating in an IDLH atmosphere. The plan provides for non-IDLH traffic to take place on several different channels. It will be necessary for responders to pay attention to channel assignments as they move from Base, through Lobby, into Staging, and eventually into an IDLH assignment. All second alarm and subsequent alarm units will be directed to respond on the Base Channel as designated by Incident Command. The flow of Personnel through the control points (Base, Lobby, and Staging) should take place on the Log (Logistics) Channel. For example: Command will call (on the Log Channel) for three (3) companies from Base to Staging. The Base Manager will notify Command (on the Log Channel) of the responding companies and their unit numbers. Base will then notify Lobby (on the Log Channel) that the companies are in transit to Staging. Once those companies check in with Lobby, the Lobby manager should contact Staging (on the Log Channel) to advise that the units are in the stairwell or elevator. The Staging Manager should advise Command (on the Ops Channel) when the units arrive in the staging area. The companies that are in transit shall remain on the Log channel until they arrive in Staging. It is not necessary for companies that are in transit from Base to Staging to communicate with Command unless there is an emergency, or they are unable to reach their destination. The flow of Equipment through the control points (Base, Lobby, and Staging) should take place on the Log channel. For example: The Staging Manager will contact the Lobby or Base Manager directly requesting additional equipment to the staging area. The Lobby and/or Base Managers will arrange for crews to take the equipment aloft to the Staging area and communicate to the Staging Manager on the Log Channel. It is not necessary to advise Command of equipment needs, unless the equipment is not on scene. Additional channels may be necessary for the different Divisions and Groups operating at the Incident. These channels will be assigned at the discretion of the IC based upon the communication needs of the Division / Group, the operational capabilities of the Command Post, and the availability of personnel to monitor the additional channels. 41 Communications Plan for each responding unit, by assignment (First Alarm): Company # 1 Establishes Command, becomes Investigations Group after transfer of Command, and then establishes appropriate Division on the fire floor. Responds on channel initially assigned by dispatch. Maintain communications (BIR, Follow-Up Reports, Stairwell designation, etc.) on that channel. Continue ascent and updates on channel. Unless changed by the IC, this channel will become the Operations (Ops) channel. Incident Command will identify separate Base Channel for all second alarm units. Companies 2 - 4 Assigned to Investigations / Division. Respond on Ops channel and maintain communications with Command / Investigations / Division on that channel. Company # 5 Establishes Lobby Control. Respond on Ops channel. Maintain communications on Ops channel and be prepared to monitor traffic and communicate on the Logistics (Log) channel once the channel is established by the Incident Commander. It will be necessary for Lobby to maintain access to both the Ops and Log channels. Company # 6 Establishes appropriate Division on the floor above the fire. Respond on Ops channel and maintain communication with the Command, Ops, or Fire Branch on the Ops channel. Company # 7 Establishes the Staging area. Respond on Ops channel. Maintain communications with the Command on the Ops channel. Be prepared to monitor and communicate with Lobby and Base on the Log channel once established by the Incident Commander. It will be necessary for Staging to have access to both the Ops and Log channels. Company # 8 Establishes RIT. Respond on the Ops channel. Maintain communications with the IC and monitor all traffic on that channel. Should RIT be deployed, they will operate on the Ops channel. All other operations will move to a different as channel at the discretion of the IC. Rescue # 1 Establishes the Systems Control Unit in the Fire Control Room. Respond on Ops channel. Be prepared to monitor and communicate with the Command on the Ops channel, and Lobby & Logistics on the Logs channel once established by the Incident Commander. It will be necessary for the Systems Control Unit to have access to both the Ops and Log channels. Rescue # 2 Establishes Fire Medical in the staging area. Respond on Ops channel. Maintain communication with the Staging and the IC on that channel. It will be necessary to communicate with the Logistics Chief on the Logs channel to coordinate the movement of an injured firefighter. (See page 47 for details) Rescue # 3 Assists with Fire Medical in the staging area. (see Rescue # 2 above) (Second Alarm) First Full Engine Company Establish Base. Communicate with Command, Lobby, and Staging on the Log channel. Communicate with, and direct incoming units (2nd and greater alarms) on the Base channel designated by Incident Command. 42 Evacuation Group Respond on the channel designated by dispatch. Once assigned, Evacuations will maintain communications with the IC, Ops, or Fire Branch on the Ops channel. EMS Branch Respond on channel designated by dispatch. Establish EMS Branch on channel designated by the IC. This will become the EMS channel. Maintain communication on this channel. Communications Plan Chart Ops Channel #1 EMS Channel #2 Logs Channel #3 Safety PIO Liaison Dispatch Channel #4 43 Evacuations Evacuation of a multi-storied High-Rise building can be overwhelming and will require a coordinated effort from multiple crews to be successful. There are many things that the Officer can do to aide in the evacuation process and to increase the efficiency of evacuee movement. First, the Officer must select a stairwell that can be dedicated to the evacuation process and announce that stairwell over the radio. That same information should be transmitted over the building public address system to assist occupants in making good decisions. Once the stairwell is selected, the Officer must coordinate with Command, Operations, or the Fire Branch to determine the marshalling point for the evacuees. If there is an adequate location within the building (at least 3 floors below the fire), you may be able to temporarily shelter occupants there debris. Any area designated for evacuees should be supervised by building security, law enforcement, or fire personnel. In addition the IC should make arrangements to take care of the immediate personal needs of displaced citizens. If the shelter-in-place method is selected, occupants should be directed to a specific floor and advised to wait there for further instructions. If the occupants will be directed to the outside, there should be someone at the point of exit to direct them to the correct location. Considerations for Evacuation: The evacuation effort should begin in the immediate fire area and outward on the fire floor, and then proceed to the two (2) floors above, followed by the two (2) floors below the fire the fire floor, unless otherwise directed by Command below Once these areas are cleared of civilians, the Evacuation Group should concentrate on Stairways, Hallways, and Elevator Lobbies above the fire floor, starting from the uppermost floors and working down to the previously evacuated areas If the Group finds a particular area that is contaminated, the occupants must be removed, or sheltered in place dependant upon conditions on that f