Physical Activity Participation - Lecture 2 PDF

1/17/2025 Lecture 2 1 How is PA participation affected by: Age? Gender? Education? Socioeconomic Status...

1/17/2025 Lecture 2 1 How is PA participation affected by: Age? Gender? Education? Socioeconomic Status? 2 Percentage of urban and rural adults meeting combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines in the U.S. in 2016- 2017, by age U.S. urban and rural adults who met physical activity guidelines 2016-2017, by age Urban Rural 35% 30% Percentage of adults 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-64 ≥65 Note(s): United States; 2016-2017; 18 years and older Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 8. Source(s): CDC; MMWR; ID 1033215 3 1  1/17/2025 From: Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity From Ages 9 to 15 Years JAMA. 2008;300(3):295-305. doi:10.1001/jama.300.3.295 Copyright © 2012 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. 4 Why is childhood activity so important? A. Activity leads to future activity B. Activity reduces risk of developing chronic disease C. Activity may treat chronic disease D. Activity influences future risk of disease 5 Gender Percentage of adults meeting combined aerobic and muscle- strengthening physical activity guidelines in the U.S. between 2008 to 2017, by gender Share of U.S. adults who met physical activity guidelines 2008-2017, by gender Men Women 30% 28% 26% Percentage of adults 24% 22% 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 2008 2012 2017 Note(s): United States; 2008 to 2017; 18 years and older Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 8. 6 Source(s): CDC; MMWR; ID 1032893 6 2  1/17/2025 Education Percentage of adults meeting combined aerobic and muscle- strengthening physical activity guidelines in the U.S. between 2008 to 2017, by education Share of U.S. adults who met physical activity guidelines 2008-2017, by education Less than high school High school Some college College graduate 40% 33.9% 35% 31.2% 30% 27.9% Percentage of adults 23.9% 25% 21.7% 19.9% 20% 16.6% 15% 12.2% 13.3% 11.3% 9.5% 10% 7.3% 5% 0% 2008 2012 2017 Note(s): United States; 2008 to 2017; 18 years and older Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 8. 2 Source(s): CDC; MMWR; ID 1032924 7 Socio Economic Status 8 Discussion……… The typical daily energy expenditure in westernized countries is estimated to have decreased by as much as 800 kcal per day in the last 50 years……….Why? 9 3  1/17/2025 10 WHICH OF THESE DEFINES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY? To understand physical activity, we must first understand the “design” of the human body. 11 Humans are ENGINEERED for Physical Activity: The Evidence Human architecture is “made for movement” Skeleton Joints Muscles Human organism adapts to a wide range of metabolic demands Physical work “was” necessary for survival of the human species Low-levels of PA are associated with deceased function, disease and death. 12 4  1/17/2025 What happens when we move? Neural signals travel as electrical impulses to Muscular contraction stimulate muscular requires energy contraction The cardiovascular system Numerous physiological “transports” the materials responses occur to make necessary to provide this this happen! energy Why do these physiological responses occur? 13 Let’s Discuss Why is it evident that physical activity is necessary for physical health? 14 ENERGY 15 5  1/17/2025 Defined: Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle contraction that results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements above REE. – What is REE? – Increase in energy expenditure must be significant enough to elicit adaptations and health benefits 16 Skeletal Muscle Contraction Requires Calories 17 Classifications of Physical Activity Physical Activity Leisure Time Lifestyle Activity Activity Occupational ADL’s Exercise Sports/Hobbies Activity 18 6  1/17/2025 Study Guide Questions What affects physical activity participation levels and how? Why is it important to promote physical activity during childhood? How do we know that humans are engineered for physical activity? 19 7