The Skeletal System Notes PDF

The Skeletal System 2 PSW 1022 1 Do you remember the role of the skeletal system? Week 2 2 Learning Objectives Describe the functions of the skeletal system. Identify an...

The Skeletal System 2 PSW 1022 1 Do you remember the role of the skeletal system? Week 2 2 Learning Objectives Describe the functions of the skeletal system. Identify and describe the anatomy and Week 2 physiology of bone. Locate and describe the various bones within the body. Differentiate between bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Locate and describe the various joints and types of movement of the body. 3 Skeletal System The word ‘skeleton’ comes from the Greek meaning “dried up body.” Week 2 The skeletal system is the frame that holds up the body. Bones are the main component of the skeletal system, but there are other structures that also play a role. Remember, bone is considered to be a connective tissue. 4 Bone Classification Bones are classified Think of some bones by their shape. that may fit each Week 2 There are long classification… bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones. 5  Week 2 6 Various bone shapes. Bone Cells* Osteocytes: Mature bone cells are called osteocytes Week 2 Osteocytes contain calcium and other inorganic mineral salts Osteoblasts: Cells that form bone. Bones grow in diameter by the activity of osteoblasts. Osteoclasts: Cells that tear down old bone cells. 7 Basic Bone Anatomy* The periosteum is made up of tough and fibrous connective tissue. It contains blood vessels which bring nutrients to bone cells It acts as an anchor point for ligaments and tendons The end of the bone is called the epiphysis The inside of the bone, called the medullary cavity, contains bone marrow This is where blood cells are created Basic bone anatomy. Cartilage* Like bone, cartilage is a form of connective tissue. Week 2 Cartilage is firm and has a jelly-like matrix. It is somewhat flexible and can withstand quite a bit of pressure. Flexible cartilage is found in your nose and ears. Stronger cartilage is found in your joints, between bones. 10 Joints A joint is where one bone meets up with another bone. Holding most of our joints together are structures called ligaments. Ligaments join BONE TO BONE and are very strong. Week 2 11 Types of Joints Synovial These joints can move a lot Joints Have synovial fluid in the joints Week 2 These joints can move a little bit Cartilaginous These joints are where your ribs meet your Joints sternum. They allow for a little bit of movement so that we can breathe. These joints don’t move at all Fibrous Joints Where the bones of your skull fit together are 12 fibrous joints. Types of Synovial Joints Gliding joints slide back and forth. Hinge joints are found in your elbows and knees. Saddle joints are found in your thumb. Week 2 Pivot joints allow for one bone to rotate (spin) along another joint. Ellipsoidal joints are at your wrists, where the metacarpals meet the radius and ulna. Ball and socket joints really look like a ball in a socket. We find these joints at the shoulder and hips. 13  Week 2 14 Types of joints.  Movements of the Body Flexion: A joint is bent, decreasing the angle between the involved bones. Extension: Straightening a joint so the angle between the involved bones increases. Plantar Flexion: Bending down towards. Week 2 Dorsiflexion: Bending up towards. Abduction: Move away from the body’s midline trunk. “Subtract: from the body. Adduction: Move toward the midline of the body. “Add” it to the body Inversion: Turning inward. Eversion: Turning ward. Supination: Facing upward. Pronation: Facing downward. 15 Rotation: When a bone “spins” on it axis.  Week 2 16 BOX 26-2 Classification of joint movements. References Wilk, M.J., Sorrentino, S. & Remmert, L.N.. Week 2 (2022). Sorrentino's Canadian textbook for the Support Worker (5th Cdn ed.). Elsevier: Toronto ▪ Chapter 25 ▪ Chapter 32 17