PLTW IED Semester 1 Midterm Study Guide PDF

PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide Introduction to Engineering Design Semester 1 Midterm Study Guide “Big Four” fields of Engineering 1.​ Mechanical engineer: Deals with the design,...

PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide Introduction to Engineering Design Semester 1 Midterm Study Guide “Big Four” fields of Engineering 1.​ Mechanical engineer: Deals with the design, develop, build, and test of equipment and sensors for almost anything that moves. 2.​ Electrical engineer: Deals with circuits and equipment for power generation and distribution, machine control, and communications. 3.​ Civil engineer: Deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. 4.​ Chemical engineer: Deals with the design, build, testing to efficiently use, produce, transform, and transport chemicals, materials, and energy. Unit 1: The Design Process ​ What is an engineering notebook and what are some best practices for keeping it? ​ Brainstorming: what should/shouldn’t be done? ​ Design Process: what steps are there, and what are examples of things you’d do during each step? What does it mean that it is iterative? ​ What does a design brief include? ​ What is engineering? ​ What do engineers do? What are the four major disciplines, and what types of work is involved in each? Design Process Definition: “A design process is a systematic (Step-by-Step) problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve or satisfy human needs or wants and to narrow down the possible solutions to one final choice.” 1 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide A)​ Define the Problem ​ Who says it is a problem? ​ What are the needs and wants of the stakeholders? ​ Are there prior solutions to the problem? ​ Is the problem worth solving? B)​ Write A Design Brief ​ What are the specific criteria and constraints required to solve the problem? To prove that your problem is valid and justified: A.​ Research Criteria 1 Criteria 2 Criteria 3 B.​ Brainstorming Idea 1 5 2 4 C.​ Decision Matrix Idea 2 1 2 3 Idea 3 3 3 2 A)​ Create Technical Drawings (Steps 3, 4, and 5 typically overlap. Understand the iterative nature of the design process. The steps can and should be repeated to reach an optimal solution.) A)​ Build a Workable Prototype B)​ Collect and Analyze Data C)​ Create a Test Report A)​ Optimize Designs B)​ Revise Drawings C)​ Project Recommendations A)​ Project Portfolio / Documentation B)​ Communicate Project 2  PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide Unit 1 Key Terms: Brainstorm Design Process Engineering Prototype Constraint Engineering Front View Design Brief Notebook Iterative Unit 1: Technical Sketching/Drawing ​ Line conventions ​ Choosing a front view ​ Drawing an object with hidden lines ​ Multi-view drawing: know which dimensions show up in each view (i.e. h&w in front, w&d on top, etc) ​ How many views do you need to show dimensions of an object? Unit 1 Key Terms: Center Line Hidden Line Multi-View Drawing Proportion Construction Line Isometric Sketch Object Line Section Lines Dimension Leader Line Orthographic Short-Break Line Dimension Line Line Conventions Projection Tonal Shading Extension Line Long-Break Line Perspective Sketch Unit 1 Measurement ▪​ Precision vs. accuracy ▪​ Significant digits: how many to include in measurements ▪​ Dial caliper: four ways it can be used ▪​ Dimensioning rules (major ones that we’ve cited most) ▪​ Summary Statistics: calculate mean, median, mode of values, range ▪​ Random error vs. systematic error ▪​ Empirical rule to express precision: how does standard deviation reflect confidence level? Unit 1 Key Terms: Accuracy Mean Precision Caliper Median Significant Digits Histogram Mode Standard Deviation SI Units Normal Distribution Unit US Measurement System Mix Unit Key Terms: Additive Degree of Freedom Graphical Modeling Portfolio Annotate Design Brief Grounded Prototype Assembly Design Statement Mathematical Scale Model Computer Modeling Domain Modeling Solid Modeling Concept Modeling Extrusion Mock-up Subtractive Constraints Function Physical Modeling Title Block Translation Unit 1 Line Conventions A.​ Center Line - A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts. B.​ Construction Line - lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes. C.​ Dimension Line - A line which represents distance. D.​ Extension Line - Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops. E.​ Hidden Line - A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible. F.​ Leader Line - Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail. G.​ Object Line - A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object. 3 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide Isometric Sketch Isometric Sketch with Tonal Shading 4 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide S5 – Hand sketch orthographic projections at a given scale and in the correct orientation to fully detail an object or part using the actual object, a detailed verbal description of the object, or a pictorial and isometric view of the object. Multiview Sketch S6 – Determine the minimum number and types of views necessary to fully detail a part. S7 – Choose and justify the choice for the best orthographic projection of an object to use as a front view on technical drawings. 5 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide K3 – Identify general rules for dimensioning on technical drawings used in standard engineering practice. S5 – Dimension orthographic projections of simple objects or parts according to a set of dimensioning standards and accepted practices. S6 – Identify and correct errors and omissions in the dimensions applied in a technical drawing based on accepted practice and a set of dimensioning rules. Lesson 1.3 CAD Fundamentals S1 – Measure linear distances (including length, inside diameter, and hole depth) with accuracy using a scale, ruler, or dial caliper and report the measurement using an appropriate level of precision. 6 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide ​ Components of Dial Calipers Main Parts of Dial Calipers ​ Blade: The immovable part of the caliper that provides a reference for measurements. ​ Slider: Moves along the blade to adjust the distance between measuring surfaces, allowing for precise measurements. ​ Dial and Pointer: The dial displays the measurement, while the pointer indicates the exact reading as the slider moves. Functionality of Key Components ​ Reference Edge: Tracks larger increments (0.100 in.) as the slider moves, ensuring accurate readings. ​ Rack: A toothed gear that converts the linear motion of the slider into the rotary motion of the pointer, facilitating measurement interpretation. Dial Caliper Measurement Techniques Zeroing the Caliper ​ Before taking measurements, it is essential to zero the caliper to ensure accuracy. ​ Steps include closing the caliper completely, loosening the dial lock, rotating the dial to read zero, and then tightening the dial lock. Interpreting Measurements ​ Each complete rotation of the pointer represents one-tenth of an inch (0.100 in.), with the dial divided into 100 increments for precision. ​ The reading process involves identifying the inch mark, the tenth-inch increment, and the thousandths-inch increment, followed by estimating the ten-thousandths if necessary. Practical Applications and Exercises Real-World Applications ​ Dial calipers are used in various fields such as mechanical engineering, manufacturing, and quality control to ensure precise measurements of components. ​ They are essential in tasks like machining, assembly, and inspection of parts to maintain quality standards. S2 – Create three-dimensional solid models of parts within CAD from sketches or dimensioned drawings using appropriate geometric and dimensional constraints and model features. Polygon, Extrude Taper, Loft, Fillet, Circular Pattern, Sketches, Extrusions, Revolutions Shell, Text, Emboss/Extrude 7 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide K6 – Read and interpret a hole note to identify the size and type of hole including through, clearance, blind, counter bore, and countersink holes. K4 – Identify and differentiate geometric constructions and constraints (such as horizontal lines, vertical lines, parallel lines, perpendicular lines, collinear points, tangent lines, tangent circles, and concentric circles) and the results when applied to sketch features within a 3D solid modeling environment. Unit 1 K2 – Be familiar with the terminology related to and the use of a 3D solid modeling program in the creation of solid models and technical drawings. ​ Assembly - A group of machined or handmade parts that fit together to form a self-contained unit. ​ Assembly Drawing - A drawing that shows parts of an item when assembled. ​ Cartesian Coordinate System - A rectangular coordinate system created by three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, commonly labeled X, Y, and Z. ​ Component - A part or element of a larger whole. ​ Extrusion - A modeling process that creates a three-dimensional form by defining a closed two-dimensional shape and a length. ​ Revolution - used to create a 3D solid by sweeping the object through its axis at a predefined angle. ​ Geometric Constraints - Constant, non-numerical relationships between the parts of a geometric figure. Examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity. ​ Origin - A fixed point from which coordinates are measured. ​ Working Drawings - Drawings that convey all of the information needed to manufacture and assemble a design. 8 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide K3 – Differentiate between additive and subtractive 3d solid modeling methods S3 – Create three-dimensional solid models of parts within CAD from sketches or dimensioned drawings using appropriate geometric and dimensional constraints. S4 – Generate CAD multi-view technical drawings, including orthographic projections and pictorial views, as necessary, showing appropriate scale, appropriate view selection, and correct view orientation to fully describe a simple part according to standard engineering practice. S5 – Construct a testable prototype of a problem solution. S6 – Analyze the performance of a design during testing and judge the solution as viable or non-viable with respect to meeting the design requirements. S7 – Create a set of working drawings to detail a design project. S11 – Create assemblies of parts in CAD and use appropriate assembly constraints to create an assembly that allows correct realistic movement among parts. Manipulate the assembly model to demonstrate the movement. 9 PLTW IED Midterm Study Guide S12 – Create a CAD assembly drawing. Identify each component of the assembly with identification numbers (balloons) and create a parts list to detail each component using CAD. 10