Introduction to Engineering Design - Midterm Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of a civil engineer?

  • Test and build equipment and sensors
  • Design, construct, and maintain the physical environment (correct)
  • Produce and transform chemicals and materials
  • Design and maintain electrical systems

What does it mean for the design process to be iterative?

  • It allows for repeated refinement and revision of solutions (correct)
  • It eliminates the need for stakeholder input
  • It follows a strict linear path to completion
  • It only permits one final solution to be developed

Which step is NOT part of the design process?

  • Identify the problem
  • Neglect existing solutions (correct)
  • Develop a prototype
  • Implement the solution

What is included in a design brief?

<p>Specific criteria and constraints to solve the problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of engineer focuses on circuits and power generation?

<p>Electrical engineer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect to consider when defining a problem in engineering?

<p>The needs and wants of the stakeholders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which engineer is primarily concerned with the design and testing of chemicals?

<p>Chemical engineer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the engineering design process?

<p>Define the problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the design process involves creating a detailed representation of the ideas generated?

<p>Create Technical Drawings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a decision matrix in problem-solving?

<p>To evaluate and compare multiple ideas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a multi-view drawing, which dimensions are typically shown in the front view?

<p>Width and Height (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to a preliminary version of a product used for testing?

<p>Prototype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of line is used to represent dimensions and is typically accompanied by an accompanying value?

<p>Dimension Line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT typically a step in optimizing designs?

<p>Create a Test Report (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes the iterative nature of the design process?

<p>Steps can be repeated to refine and improve the solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a project portfolio/documentation?

<p>Detailed records of processes and final results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are significant digits crucial for in measurements?

<p>Indicating the precision of a measurement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a way to use a dial caliper?

<p>Calculating the area of an object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statistic represents the middle value of a data set when arranged in ascending order?

<p>Median (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does standard deviation relate to confidence level according to the empirical rule?

<p>A smaller standard deviation reflects greater precision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error is consistent and repeatable, often caused by measurement bias?

<p>Systematic error (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which line type represents invisible edges in dimensioned drawings?

<p>Hidden line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the measurement of the shape and spread of a data set?

<p>Standard deviation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do dimension lines indicate in a technical drawing?

<p>The distances between points (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rack in a dial caliper?

<p>To convert linear motion into rotary motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in zeroing a dial caliper?

<p>Close the caliper completely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many increments is the dial of a caliper divided into for precise measurement?

<p>100 increments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a field where dial calipers are typically used?

<p>Artistic sculpture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When reading a dial caliper, what does one complete rotation of the pointer indicate?

<p>One tenth of an inch (0.100 in.) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a geometric constraint that can be identified in a 3D solid modeling environment?

<p>Concentric circles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an assembly drawing?

<p>To illustrate how parts fit together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a type of hole that goes all the way through a material?

<p>Through hole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an isometric sketch?

<p>To provide a three-dimensional view of an object. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes an important rule for dimensioning in technical drawings?

<p>All dimensions must be expressed in the same unit. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a dial caliper is responsible for providing a reference for measurements?

<p>Blade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential when determining the best orthographic projection to use as a front view?

<p>The clarity and completeness of the details. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When dimensioning an orthographic projection, which practice should be avoided?

<p>Using different scales for different dimensions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the slider of a dial caliper serve?

<p>It moves to adjust the distance between measuring surfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included to fully detail an object in orthographic projections?

<p>The minimum number of views necessary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to measure linear distances accurately in engineering?

<p>To prevent mistakes in the drawing process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the components of the Cartesian Coordinate System?

<p>Three mutually perpendicular axes labeled X, Y, and Z. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a modeling process that creates a 3D form from a 2D shape?

<p>Extrusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are geometric constraints used for in geometric figures?

<p>To establish constant non-numerical relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT typically involved in creating a CAD assembly drawing?

<p>Drawing on a physical surface with manual tools. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of extruding a shape?

<p>Creating a 3D object by sweeping a 2D shape along an axis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of working drawings in design projects?

<p>To convey all necessary information for manufacturing and assembly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'origin' in a Cartesian Coordinate System?

<p>A fixed point from which coordinates are measured. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'revolution' refer to in 3D modeling?

<p>Forming a 3D solid by sweeping an object through an axis at a predefined angle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the Design Process?

A systematic process for solving problems by considering criteria, constraints, and potential solutions to meet human needs or wants.

What does it mean for the Design Process to be Iterative?

The Design Process is iterative because it involves repeating steps and refining solutions based on new information and insights.

What is included in a design brief?

A design brief outlines the problem, criteria, constraints, and desired outcomes for a project.

What is Brainstorming?

A brainstorming session to generate ideas for potential solutions. It involves exploring various options and possibilities without judgment.

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What is an Engineering Notebook?

A detailed record of all design decisions, calculations, tests, and observations during a project.

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What is Civil Engineering?

The field of engineering focused on designing, building, and maintaining structures, infrastructure, and the built environment.

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What is Mechanical Engineering?

The field of engineering that focuses on machines, equipment, and systems that move. It involves designing, developing, and testing things like cars, airplanes, and robots.

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What is Electrical Engineering?

The field of engineering that focuses on circuits, power generation, distribution, machine control, and communications.

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Design Brief

A detailed description of a problem to be solved, outlining the goals, constraints, and desired outcomes for a design project.

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Prototype

A physical model or representation of a design idea that allows for testing and evaluation.

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Design Process

A method of problem-solving that involves a series of steps, including research, ideation, prototyping, testing, and refinement.

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Brainstorming

The ability to generate multiple solutions or ideas for a problem in a creative and spontaneous way.

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Iterative

The process of refining and improving a design based on feedback and analysis.

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Constraints

Limitations or restrictions that affect the design process, such as budget, time constraints, or materials.

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Front View

A drawing that shows an object as if you were looking at it from directly in front.

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Isometric Sketch

A type of drawing that shows three dimensions of an object in a single view.

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Accuracy

The closeness of a measurement to the true value.

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Dimension line

Represents a distance using a line with arrows at each end.

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Hidden line

A type of line that shows an edge hidden from view.

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Construction line

A type of line that guides you to draw other lines and shapes. Usually light and faint.

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Leader line

A type of line that points to a specific area or detail. Often attached to dimension lines.

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Center line

A type of line that indicates the center of a circle, arc, or symmetrical part.

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Object line

A type of line that represents the visible outer edges of an object. It's the heaviest line on a drawing.

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Extension line

A line that extends from the object's outline, indicating where a dimension starts and stops.

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Orthographic Projection

A 2D drawing technique using parallel lines and angles to represent a 3D object. It is based on projecting the object onto three principal planes: top, front, and side.

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Isometric Sketch with Tonal Shading

A drawing technique used to add depth and realism to an isometric sketch by adding tonal shading to different areas of the object.

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Minimum Number of Views

The minimum number of views required to fully detail an object. By selecting strategic views, you reveal all aspects of the object without redundancy.

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Choosing the Front View

The process of choosing the most informative view to represent the object's front. It's like showing off the object's key features.

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Dimensioning Standards

The standard rules and practices for dimensioning technical drawings. This ensures consistency and clarity in communicating design information.

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Dial Calipers

They measure linear distances with high accuracy using a sliding scale and a dial, allowing for precise readings.

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Blade (Dial Caliper)

The part of the caliper that provides a fixed point for measurement and remains stationary.

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What is a Rack?

A toothed gear inside a dial caliper that converts the linear motion of the slider into the rotary motion of the pointer, allowing for reading measurements.

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What is Zeroing the Caliper?

The process of setting a dial caliper to zero before taking measurements, ensuring accuracy.

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How do you interpret measurements on a dial caliper?

Each complete rotation of the pointer on a dial caliper represents 0.100 inches. The dial is divided into 100 increments, allowing for precise measurements.

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What is an assembly?

A collection of parts, either mechanically or hand-made, designed to work together as a single unit.

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What is an assembly drawing?

Illustrates how an item is assembled, showing its parts in their correct arrangement.

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What is a through hole?

A hole that passes completely through a workpiece.

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What is a clearance hole?

A hole designed to accept a part with a slight clearance, allowing for easy assembly.

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What is a blind hole?

A hole that does not go all the way through a workpiece.

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Cartesian Coordinate System

A rectangular coordinate system with three mutually perpendicular axes, usually labeled X, Y, and Z. It helps locate points in 3D space using coordinates.

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Component

A part or element that contributes to a larger whole.

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Extrusion

A method of creating a 3D solid form by extending a 2D closed shape along a specific length.

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Revolution

A technique to generate a 3D solid by rotating a 2D shape around an axis at a defined angle.

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Geometric Constraints

Fixed, non-numerical relationships between parts of a geometric figure. Common examples include parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity.

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Origin

A fixed point from which the coordinates are measured in a coordinate system.

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Working Drawings

Detailed technical drawings that provide all information needed for manufacturing and assembling a design.

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Additive 3D Modeling

A type of 3D modeling where material is added to create an object, like building with clay.

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Subtractive 3D Modeling

A type of 3D modeling where material is removed from a block to create an object, like carving wood.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Engineering Design - Semester 1 Midterm

  • Big Four Fields of Engineering:
    • Mechanical Engineering: Designs, develops, builds, and tests equipment and sensors for moving objects.
    • Electrical Engineering: Deals with circuits, power generation, distribution, machine control, and communications.
    • Civil Engineering: Focuses on design, construction, and maintenance of the built environment.
    • Chemical Engineering: Designs, builds, tests, and manages the efficient use, production, transformation, and transport of chemicals, materials, and energy.

Unit 1: The Design Process

  • Engineering Notebook: Keeping a well-organized notebook with best practices is important for efficient engineering.
  • Brainstorming: Brainstorming is essential for generating many possible solutions.
  • Design Process: A design process is a systematic approach to problem-solving.
    • It involves steps like defining the problem, generating concepts, developing solutions, constructing and testing, evaluating solutions, and presenting.
    • The process is iterative; each step often feeds back into previous steps.
  • Design Brief: A design brief includes the problem statement, criteria (requirements), and constraints (limitations).
  • Engineering: Engineering is a systematic problem-solving approach using scientific and technical knowledge.
  • Engineers: Engineers use scientific and technical knowledge to solve practical problems and design solutions. There are four major disciplines (mechanical, electrical, civil, chemical).

Design Process Definition

  • A design process is a systematic step-by-step approach for solving problems and satisfying needs/wants. The steps include defining the problem, generating concepts, developing solutions, constructing and testing, evaluating solutions, and presenting.

General Notes

  • Technical Drawings/Sketching: The document includes significant information about various types of lines (center lines, construction lines, dimension lines, extension lines, hidden lines, etc.) used in technical drawings. The types of drawings (orthographic projections), isometric sketches, and sketching conventions are also discussed.
  • Measurement Techniques: Precision vs. accuracy, significant digits, measuring tools and how to use them (like calipers) are essential to follow during measurements. Measurement procedures and summarization of data (mean, median, mode, standard deviation) is critical to quality in engineering.
  • CAD Fundamentals: Concepts like creating 3D models (extrusions, revolutions, polygons, etc.) using computer-aided design (CAD) are discussed.
  • Hole Notes/Thread Notes: Understanding different types of holes (through, clearance, blind, counterbore, and countersink) is essential. The use of standardized symbols and geometric constraints in drawing are highlighted.
  • Orthographic Projections: Understanding the minimum number and types of views in orthographic projections is vital for a complete representation of an object. Selection of front views in technical drawings is also important.
  • Dimensioning: Drawing dimensions and their applications are covered. Correct and incorrect dimensioning practices are mentioned as well as the use of appropriate scales.
  • CAD Assemblies: How to create CAD assemblies, parts lists, and their components/assembly drawings are all essential aspects.

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PLTW IED Semester 1 Midterm Study Guide PDF

Description

Prepare for your Semester 1 Midterm in Introduction to Engineering Design. This quiz covers the Big Four Fields of Engineering and the core principles of the design process. Test your understanding of essential concepts and ensure you grasp the foundations of engineering design.

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