1896-1945 Charts PDF

1896-1945 Charts 1896-1945 How will Quebec maintain its language-related and cultural features in a Canada that is redefining its autonomy? Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Domestic Politics...

1896-1945 Charts 1896-1945 How will Quebec maintain its language-related and cultural features in a Canada that is redefining its autonomy? Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Domestic Politics Immigration policy Canada’s Status in the British Empire Defining Canadian autonomy Continue colonizing West to increase Canada is a dominion = dependent on economic growth in the United Kingdom for external Liberal Era Canada affairs Wilfrid Laurier elected Prime Minister (1896) Liberal government in Migration Flows - Origins Quebec British Isles, Europe, Two Opposing Ideologies USA Imperialism French-Canadian Impact of Immigration Attachment to British Empire Nationalism English should be only official Canada should have more Rise in xenophobia language, Protestant the only autonomy from British Immigration = threat to English Canadian culture religion Empire State taxes immigrants from certain countries In favour of Canadian military Against military support support to Great Britain to Great Britain Francophone Catholic minority Henri Bourassa is main Francophones outside Quebec lose demographic weight = lose proponent some of their rights (French school) Wilfrid Laurier: policy of compromise -> Canadian autonomy with ties to Territory British Empire (Canadian Nationalism) Alberta and Saskatchewan created in 1905 Canadian Military Support Governance of Indigenous Peoples Canadian participation in the Boer War Canada does not recognize rights or culture of Indigenous Residential school system = assimilate Indigenous population (1899) but on voluntary basis. Creation of Canadian Navy (1910) Translated from Diane Plourde, conseillère pédagogique univers social, CSDM, mars 2018  Translated from Diane Plourde, conseillère pédagogique univers social, CSDM, mars 2018 Second Phase of Industrialization Electricity is (1900-1930) main energy Characteristics source Hydroelectricity, gas and oil Heavy industries Union Movement More skilled labour American and Catholic Unions Resources and production sectors Canadian workers mostly Forests, mines, hydroelectric potential belonged to American unions Heavy industries, ore processing, pulp and paper, hydroelectricity, Catholic Church did not like aluminum smelting (metallurgy) the American (English) influence and created Catholic unions Monopoly Capitalism Own all competing companies to control the marketing of a product (only one selling it) Have control over all stages of production for a product Labour legislation Laws passed to improve working conditions Role of the State Unions still had difficulty Economic liberalism -> limited state intervention in the economy, private getting employers to recognize enterprise, grants and subsidies to attract foreign investors their demands Foreign Investment Strikes British and American capital - USA becomes main investor Pressure tactic to convince Construction and improvement of infrastructure and factories governments and employers to improve working conditions Foreign Trade USA and United Kingdom main trade partners Pulp and paper to USA Development of transportation network -> rail, roads, highways built, redevelopment of port of Montreal  Translated from Diane Plourde, conseillère pédagogique univers social, CSDM, mars 2018 First World War (1914-1918) Greater Autonomy for Canada Urban Centers European National Interests League of Nations Increased urban population due Canada: joined WW1 due to ties to British Empire Canada signs the Treaty of to factory jobs Versailles (Peace Treaty) and is Working-class neighbourhoods Wartime Government given a seat at the League of overcrowded and unsanitary War Measures Act: Federal gov’t increased power to Nations as a country intervene in social, economic and provincial matters Statute of Westminster (1931) Wartime Production British parliament adopts law Public Health Factories produce military equipment, strengthens granting Canada almost full Vaccinations economy autonomy Water chlorination Milk pasteurization Military Forces Gouttes de lait program 22nd Battalion - French Canadian unit Public Services Battle of Vimy Ridge: Canadian army Sewers, garbage collection won important battle Firefighters, police Public transportation 22 Battalion insignia Financial Resources Infrastructure Victory Bonds and income tax Roaring 20s Road networks Parks Women’s Contributions Mass Culture Bathhouses Women replace men in labour force (factories) New medium: Radio ->News, music, sports Conscription Crisis Cinema -> 1906 Ouimetoscope Men between 20-45 obligated to enlist Professional sports (Montreal French-Canadiens opposed this Canadiens hockey) Divide between English and French Cabarets - music and dancing *Romans du Terroir - novels Anti-conscription Soldier’s Civil Re-establishment protest -1917 idealizing rural, traditional Government interventions to help soldiers reintegrate lifestyle  Women’s Struggles The Great Depression 1929-1939 Access to Education Limited access to higher Stock Market Crash 1929 education (especially for Rapid loss in value of stocks: starts the Great Francophone women) Depression Challenging Capitalism Labour Market Socio-economic Problems Keynesian Economics Limited jobs: factory worker, Drop in American demand for Canadian products John Maynard Keynes, British domestic servant, nurse, (drop in exports) economist teacher Drop in manufacturing production in Canada State intervention in economy to Much lower pay than men Companies go bankrupt prevent economic slowdowns Unemployment Legal Recognition Poverty Socio-political Ideologies Legal gains in rights of married New political parties in Canada -> women: ex. to dispose of their Federal and Provincial Government Measures alternatives to liberalism and conservatism own income Public works projects Communist Party of Canada Direct relief Co-operative Commonwealth Voting Rights Founding of Bank of Canada Federation (socialist party) Suffragette: woman who Office du Crédit agricole National Social Christian Party fights for women’s right to (fascist) vote Colonization Programs Social Credit (populist) 1918: Federal vote “Return to the Land” program supported by 1940: Provincial vote Church Important activists: Marie Lacoste Settle remote regions like Abitibi and Gaspesie Gérin-Lajoie Catholic Church in Quebec feared women’s suffrage would threaten traditional way of life. Translated from Diane Plourde, conseillère pédagogique univers social, CSDM, mars 2018  Second World War 1939-1945 European Political and Economic Climate Deterioration of political and economic situation during 1930s Rise in fascist and militaristic parties Germany invades Poland in 1939, starting WW2 Demobilization Wartime Government Creation of Veterans Affairs Plebiscite on Conscription Canada Canada declares war on Germany in Allied forces ask for more Government provided financial September 1939 Canadian soldiers aid and services for veterans War Measures Act: increases Mackenzie-King wants to be (disability pension, federal powers released from promise not to scholarships, subsidies for Rationing, censorship impose conscription housing) English and French are divided on this issue (again) Canada’s Contributions Canada votes yes and conscription is imposed in 1944 Factories transformed to supply French-Canadiens (again) feel military needs (uniforms, weapons, Canada does not respect their ammunition) interests Men enlisted to fight Women worked in factories War ends Great Depression Translated from Diane Plourde, conseillère pédagogique univers social, CSDM, mars 2018  Influence of the Catholic Church 1896-1945 Clerico-nationalism Education and Technical Training Nationalism based on rural life, traditional and conservative Catholic Church School Attendance and Education values as protection of French For children 12 and up, attendance culture and language. much higher for anglophones than Lionel Groulx Moral and Cultural Influence francophones Catholic unions Education L’Action francaise Health Why? Magazine (Lionel Groulx) that Supports conservative political parties promoted survival of French language Children needed to work on farms and culture Religious Personnel Families needed everyone to work to Promoted agriculture as the best route 1931: 1 priest for 576 followers survive economic independence Programme de restauration sociale Cooperatives Consequences Church extends its influence: creation Church supports cooperatives of ecole populaire to help improve Cooperative allow financing of Legislation conditions for the working class industrialization in agricultural production Compulsory school attendance age Catholic union of agriculture 6-14 (1943) Free public elementary school Francophones in the Economy Improvements in Agriculture Agriculture Mechanization (produce more in less Francophone businessmen: shoes, food time) production, sawmills and printing Electrification of rural areas Government subsidies to support Translated from Diane Plourde, conseillère pédagogique univers social, CSDM, mars 2018 agricultural industry