SCS 1150 Mid Term Review PDF

SCS Mid Term Review What is the Purpose of Liberal Education? - by a liberal education is meant one that includes the arts, humanities, as well as science and practical subjects - Open to all, lifelong learning - Open...

SCS Mid Term Review What is the Purpose of Liberal Education? - by a liberal education is meant one that includes the arts, humanities, as well as science and practical subjects - Open to all, lifelong learning - Opens the possibility for us to live more re ectively and knowledgeably especially about nature and variety of human experience - Increases our capacity for understanding others better, so we can treat them with respect and sympathy - When this is returned, the result is that the di erences which cause friction, even con ict, comes to be resolved/tolerated - Liberal education does not automatically produce better humans, but it can be expected to do more often than ignorance and egoism which arise from paucity of knowledge and lack of insight - Liberal education promotes critical thinking - Morality, ideology, partisanship, blind activism, and emotional blackmail are types of thinking liberal education does not promote - This goes with ad hominem (personal attacks) arguments, noble cause distortion, con rmation bias (Con rming what you want, not all facts), strategic hyperbole, and identity a rmation - Mark Mercer’s 3 academic values are Inquires of the way of the world, interoperate cultural artifacts, and have an intellectual appreciation of arts Reality based community considering valid forms of knowledge - According to Jonathan Rauch, Objective provisional truth (present truth), evidence based research, epistemology, credible theories , data, and surveys are what socialists accept as valid knowledge - Metaphysics, religion, - The di erence between the fallibilist rule and the empirical rule is: - Fallibilist Rule - no one gets the nal say. You are entitled to the claim that a statement is objectively true only insofar as it is both checkable and has stood up to checking. You may claim that a statement is established as knowledge only if I can be debunked - Imperial Rule - No one has personal authority. You may claim that a statement has been established as knowledge only insofar as the method used to check it gives the same result Free speech - The liberty to communicate, to develop inner library with nuance, audience comprehension of ideas, and the genuine exchange of ideas are the basic conditions necessary for free speech - Muscular liberals, want the allowance to use any text, word, or idea, as long as it does not break federal laws, want to legalize hate/o ensive speech - Multicultural Liberals want hate speech criminalized and to be punished for directing speech that is harmful ffi fi ff fi fi ff fl ff fl  De nitions of Free speech Milton’s Curse Milton's Curse refers to the idea that censorship can lead to the suppression of truth. This term is derived from John Milton's argument in Areopagitica against censorship. He believed that truth would emerge from the 'free and open encounter' of ideas. Heckler’s Veto The Heckler's Veto refers to the suppression of speech by the government, due to the fear of a violent reaction from the public. This term is often used in legal contexts to describe situations where freedom of speech is curtailed to prevent potential public disorder. Assassin’s Veto/ Salman Rushdie The term Assassin's Veto is used to describe the suppression of speech due to threats of violence. The term is often associated with the case of Salman Rushdie, whose novel The Satanic Verses led to death threats and a fatwa calling for his assassination by Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran. Strategic Hyperbole Strategic Hyperbole refers to the deliberate use of exaggeration or overstatement to make a point or draw attention to an issue. In the context of free speech, it can be used to provoke discussion or challenge prevailing views. Heresy In the context of free speech debates, Heresy refers to any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs. It is often used to describe ideas that challenge religious orthodoxy or societal norms. Religion Religion is a system of beliefs, often involving deities or spiritual elements, that shapes a person's worldview and guides their actions. In free speech debates, the right to express religious beliefs freely is often balanced against the potential for such expressions to o end or harm others. God In the context of free speech debates, God refers to a deity or supreme being as understood within a particular religious tradition. The right to express beliefs about God freely, and to criticize or question those beliefs, is a key issue in many free speech debates. Terms/Cases Truthiness The belief in what you feel to be true rather than what facts tell you fi ff  Post Truth Relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less in uential in shaping public opinion that appeals to emotion and personal belief Bullshit 5 Characteristics of a bullshitter Imposing particular ideologies on others, leaving out truth telling process, intentional by design, marginalized critical thinking, and being rotten with imperfection are the characteristics of a bullshitter Marginalizing Bullshit Do not fall for it, engage in ideas, ask people the pros and cons, question sources/reputable dictators, and shame dishonest deliberators Hate Speech Cases Taylor case 1990 - John Ross Taylor, handed out cards with a phone number with pre recorded messages, “Jews were out to control Canadian society”. Charged with 5000$ ne and 1 year imprisonment Whatcott 2013 - Saskatoon schools and handed out yers that said, "keep homosexuality out of these schools”. Thought he had a religious right to express himself, got charged with hate speech, one 1000$ ne and one 2500$ ne. Free Speech on Campus Janis Fiamengo Free speech video lady, extreme feminist. “Promotion of the campus rape scare campaign” some of her talks got shut down, was furious. Wrote a book “Son of feminist” Jordan Peterson Psychology prof, refused to use transgender pronouns for Elliot Page. People protested him and he got a lot of attention on social media, on tv with Ben Shapiro (The Wire/Daily Wire). He was discussed to display the idea that if you censor them, really it just ampli es their voice Ann Coulter Did a speech at western university and told a minority to ride her camel instead of a magic carpet, “All terrorists are Muslims and has suggested all Muslims be barred from airlines and use ying carpets”. Uottawa students protested for her not to do a speech at the university and she canceled for security reasons. She was a muscular liberal in free speech Verusha Lieutenant Duval Taught an art and gender class, pointed out how persecuted minorities reappropriate derogatory terms initially aimed to demean them. She uses the Queer example, then uses the fl fi fi fl fl fi fi  N word (actual word). The school said she was not allowed to mention the word (multicultural liberal ideology), she got a two week suspension and her class was allowed to pick a new prof, so two profs taught the course. No matter what your academic freedom or what you think free speech means, student dignity comes rst. 20 profs in history said she was a white supremacist. Dennis Rancourt/Joanne St. Lewis Dennis Rancourt was a Physics prof at Uottawa, Joanne was a Law prof. Before their court case, Dennis did not believe in grading his students on an A to F scale, he thought it was a system of oppression, and that if the generally understood the concept, they would get a good mark. He was seen as an anarchist, and was suspended from campus for this grading system. He wanted to give all his students A+, but school shut him down for not wanting. To evaluate his students that way (Neo Muscular Liberal). Next, he changed his classes from a physics to an activism class, on the spot, talking about the Israeli and Palestine con ict. This is when he gets roped into the systematic racism discussion. Rancourt saw a report from the Student Appeal Center that claimed systematic racism was the cause of minorities getting punished for academic fraud and plagiarism. 71% of 48 students (around 32) were of a visible minority. Non of the minority students spoke up about systematic racism, they confessed to copying sentences without citations. A lot of these students were international as well, and had the possibility of not understanding how plagiarism works in English academic writing. Professor Joanne St. Lewis looked over the report for systemic racism, and respond with criticizing the methodology in the report, saying it was a failure. Due to that and the small sample size of the report, St. Lewis did not think it was systematic racism. Rancourt went ballistic over this. He went and called her a racial slur on his blog site and said she was “catering to white power” (He used ad hominem attacks). They went to court, St. Lewis was funded by the university to go to court for racist liable. He did not look at the full report and was defensive about academic freedom and the 121 policy. He made the argument personal and this was his downfall, rancourt looses his pension and owes St. Lewis 500,000 Erica Lopez Prater A prof for an art history class, and said in the syllabus she was going to show depictions of historical gures including the Prophet Muhammad. A student was o ended and went to the media, and the prof would not get her contract renewed. People thought she o ended the dignity of a minority, and the prof could not hide behind academic freedom. The student in a way used a strategic hyperbole when saying the painting was harmful, when it was just an o ence to their religion. Brett Weinstein A prof at Evergreen state college objected to a day of absence when white students and faculty are asked to voluntarily leave campus, the prof thought it was a form of racial ff fi fl fi ff ff segregation. He received immense backlash from this and was told he was a racist. Brett was an ally of colour rights, he just thought this was not the way to convey the message. Dr. J Brian Scott Lecture Free Speech: Is the right to speak, write, and share ideas and opinions without facing punishment from the government. It is the freedom to receive and import ideas of all kinds orally and printing, and the freedom of thought and belief, opinion and discussion, including freedom of the press and other media communications. Free expression: Human right by United Nation. In legal sense, this includes any activity of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas regardless of the medium used. Hate speech: O ensive discourse targeting a group or an individual based on inherent characteristics that may threaten social peace. It is any form of expression through which speakers tend to vilify, humiliate, or incite hatred against a group or a class of persons on the basis of race, religion, skin colour, sexual identity, gender identity, ethnicity, disability, or national origin. Hate Crime: speci c criminal behavior that ranges from property crimes, excuse me, like vandalism, arson, to acts of intimidation, assault and murder. Victims of hate crimes can include institutions, religious organizations, government entities, as well as individuals. In 2017, A white nationalist rally became violent when they gathered for a rally over plans to remove a confederate stature. A vehicle drove into the crowd of counter protesters, before speeding away, killing one individual and harming over a dozen more. Trump addressed the protest saying there was “violence on many sides”. When the white supremacists were the ones who threatened violence, and in a Discord group chat, were sending memes about running over liberals way before the rally had begun. ff fi  What is the Purpose of Liberal Education? - by a liberal education is meant one that includes the arts, humanities, as well as science and practical subjects - Open to all, lifelong learning - Opens the possibility for us to live more re ectively and knowledgeably especially about nature and variety of human experience - Increases our capacity for understanding others better, so we can treat them with respect and sympathy - When this is returned, the result is that the di erences which cause friction, even con ict, comes to be resolved/tolerated - Liberal education does not automatically produce better humans, but it can be expected to do more often than ignorance and egoism which arise from paucity of knowledge and lack of insight - Liberal education promotes critical thinking - Morality, ideology, partisanship, blind activism, and emotional blackmail are types of thinking liberal education does not promote - This goes with ad hominem (personal attacks) arguments, noble cause distortion, con rmation bias (Con rming what you want, not all facts), strategic hyperbole, and identity a rmation - Mark Mercer’s 3 academic values are Inquires of the way of the world, interoperate cultural artifacts, and have an intellectual appreciation of arts Reality based community considering valid forms of knowledge - According to Jonathan Rauch, Objective provisional truth (present truth), evidence based research, epistemology, credible theories , data, and surveys are what socialists accept as valid knowledge - Metaphysics, religion, - The di erence between the fallibilist rule and the empirical rule is: - Fallibilist Rule - no one gets the nal say. You are entitled to the claim that a statement is objectively true only insofar as it is both checkable and has stood up to checking. You may claim that a statement is established as knowledge only if I can be debunked - Imperial Rule - No one has personal authority. You may claim that a statement has been established as knowledge only insofar as the method used to check it gives the same result Free speech - The liberty to communicate, to develop inner library with nuance, audience comprehension of ideas, and the genuine exchange of ideas are the basic conditions necessary for free speech - Muscular liberals, want the allowance to use any text, word, or idea, as long as it does not break federal laws, want to legalize hate/o ensive speech - Multicultural Liberals want hate speech criminalized and to be punished for directing speech that is harmful ffi fi ff fi fi ff fl ff fl  De nitions of Free speech Milton’s Curse Milton's Curse refers to the idea that censorship can lead to the suppression of truth. This term is derived from John Milton's argument in Areopagitica against censorship. He believed that truth would emerge from the 'free and open encounter' of ideas. Heckler’s Veto The Heckler's Veto refers to the suppression of speech by the government, due to the fear of a violent reaction from the public. This term is often used in legal contexts to describe situations where freedom of speech is curtailed to prevent potential public disorder. Assassin’s Veto/ Salman Rushdie The term Assassin's Veto is used to describe the suppression of speech due to threats of violence. The term is often associated with the case of Salman Rushdie, whose novel The Satanic Verses led to death threats and a fatwa calling for his assassination by Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran. Strategic Hyperbole Strategic Hyperbole refers to the deliberate use of exaggeration or overstatement to make a point or draw attention to an issue. In the context of free speech, it can be used to provoke discussion or challenge prevailing views. Heresy In the context of free speech debates, Heresy refers to any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs. It is often used to describe ideas that challenge religious orthodoxy or societal norms. Religion Religion is a system of beliefs, often involving deities or spiritual elements, that shapes a person's worldview and guides their actions. In free speech debates, the right to express religious beliefs freely is often balanced against the potential for such expressions to o end or harm others. God In the context of free speech debates, God refers to a deity or supreme being as understood within a particular religious tradition. The right to express beliefs about God freely, and to criticize or question those beliefs, is a key issue in many free speech debates. Terms/Cases Truthiness The belief in what you feel to be true rather than what facts tell you fi ff  Post Truth Relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less in uential in shaping public opinion that appeals to emotion and personal belief Bullshit 5 Characteristics of a bullshitter Imposing particular ideologies on others, leaving out truth telling process, intentional by design, marginalized critical thinking, and being rotten with imperfection are the characteristics of a bullshitter Marginalizing Bullshit Do not fall for it, engage in ideas, ask people the pros and cons, question sources/reputable dictators, and shame dishonest deliberators Hate Speech Cases Taylor case 1990 - John Ross Taylor, handed out cards with a phone number with pre recorded messages, “Jews were out to control Canadian society”. Charged with 5000$ ne and 1 year imprisonment Whatcott 2013 - Saskatoon schools and handed out yers that said, "keep homosexuality out of these schools”. Thought he had a religious right to express himself, got charged with hate speech, 1 1000$ ne and one 2500$ ne. Free Speech on Campus Janis Fiamengo Free speech video lady, extreme feminist. “Promotion of the campus rape scare campaign” some of her talks got shut down, was furious. Wrote a book “Son of feminist” Jordan Peterson Psychology prof, refused to use transgender pronouns for Elliot Page. People protested him and he got a lot of attention on social media, on tv with Ben Shapiro (The Wire/Daily Wire). He was discussed to display the idea that if you censor them, really it just ampli es their voice Ann Coulter Did a speech at western university and told a minority to ride her camel instead of a magic carpet, “All terrorists are Muslims and has suggested all Muslims be barred from airlines and use ying carpets”. Uottawa students protested for her not to do a speech at the university and she canceled for security reasons. She was a muscular liberal in free speech Verusha Lieutenant Duval Taught an art and gender class, pointed out how persecuted minorities reappropriate derogatory terms initially aimed to demean them. She uses the Queer example, then uses the fl fi fi fl fl fi fi  N word (actual word). The school said she was not allowed to mention the word (multicultural liberal ideology), she got a two week suspension and her class was allowed to pick a new prof, so two profs taught the course. No matter what your academic freedom or what you think free speech means, student dignity comes rst. 20 profs in history said she was a white supremacist. Dennis Rancourt/Joanne St. Lewis Dennis Rancourt was a Physics prof at Uottawa, Joanne was a Law prof. Before their court case, Dennis did not believe in grading his students on an A to F scale, he thought it was a system of oppression, and that if the generally understood the concept, they would get a good mark. He was seen as an anarchist, and was suspended from campus for this grading system. He wanted to give all his students A+, but school shut him down for not wanting. To evaluate his students that way (Neo Muscular Liberal). Next, he changed his classes from a physics to an activism class, on the spot, talking about the Israeli and Palestine con ict. This is when he gets roped into the systematic racism discussion. Rancourt saw a report from the Student Appeal Center that claimed systematic racism was the cause of minorities getting punished for academic fraud and plagiarism. 71% of 48 students (around 32) were of a visible minority. Non of the minority students spoke up about systematic racism, they confessed to copying sentences without citations. A lot of these students were international as well, and had the possibility of not understanding how plagiarism works in English academic writing. Professor Joanne St. Lewis looked over the report for systemic racism, and respond with criticizing the methodology in the report, saying it was a failure. Due to that and the small sample size of the report, St. Lewis did not think it was systematic racism. Rancourt went ballistic over this. He went and called her a racial slur on his blog site and said she was “catering to white power” (He used ad hominem attacks). They went to court, St. Lewis was funded by the university to go to court for racist liable. He did not look at the full report and was defensive about academic freedom and the 121 policy. He made the argument personal and this was his downfall, rancourt looses his pension and owes St. Lewis 500,000 Erica Lopez Prater A prof for an art history class, and said in the syllabus she was going to show depictions of historical gures including the Prophet Muhammad. A student was o ended and went to the media, and the prof would not get her contract renewed. People thought she o ended the dignity of a minority, and the prof could not hide behind academic freedom. The student in a way used a strategic hyperbole when saying the painting was harmful, when it was just an o ence to their religion. Brett Weinstein A prof at Evergreen state college objected to a day of absence when white students and faculty are asked to voluntarily leave campus, the prof thought it was a form of racial ff fi fl fi ff ff segregation. He received immense backlash from this and was told he was a racist. Brett was an ally of colour rights, he just thought this was not the way to convey the message. Dr. J Brian Scott Lecture Free Speech: Is the right to speak, write, and share ideas and opinions without facing punishment from the government. It is the freedom to receive and import ideas of all kinds orally and printing, and the freedom of thought and belief, opinion and discussion, including freedom of the press and other media communications. Free expression: Human right by United Nation. In legal sense, this includes any activity of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas regardless of the medium used. Hate speech: O ensive discourse targeting a group or an individual based on inherent characteristics that may threaten social peace. It is any form of expression through which speakers tend to vilify, humiliate, or incite hatred against a group or a class of persons on the basis of race, religion, skin colour, sexual identity, gender identity, ethnicity, disability, or national origin. Hate Crime: speci c criminal behavior that ranges from property crimes, excuse me, like vandalism, arson, to acts of intimidation, assault and murder. Victims of hate crimes can include institutions, religious organizations, government entities, as well as individuals. In 2017, A white nationalist rally became violent when they gathered for a rally over plans to remove a confederate stature. A vehicle drove into the crowd of counter protesters, before speeding away, killing one individual and harming over a dozen more. Trump addressed the protest saying there was “violence on many sides”. When the white supremacists were the ones who threatened violence, and in a Discord group chat, were sending memes about running over liberals way before the rally had begun. ff fi