Science 8 Quarter 1 Module 5: Colors of Light PDF

8 Science Quarter 1 – Module 5 Colors of Light Science – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 5: Colors of Light First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. How...

8 Science Quarter 1 – Module 5 Colors of Light Science – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 5: Colors of Light First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Jinemerie C. Atendido Editor: Teresa May A. Mundiz, Nonita C. Patalinghug Reviewers: Bernabe L. Linog, Relyn D. Raza, Jonas F. Saldia, Delia C. Pioco, Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña Layout Evaluators: Celeste Faith R. Almanon, Jay S. Ayap Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Isidro M. Biol, Jr. PhD Maripaz F. Magno Josephine Chonie M. Obseñares Gregoria T. Su, Ph.D Marvilyn C. Francia Jay S. Ayap Nonita C. Patalinghug Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Caraga Region Office Address: Teacher Development Center J.P. Rosales Avenue, Butuan City, Philippines 8600 Telefax: (085) 342-8207/ (085) 342-5969 E-mail Address: [email protected]  8 Science Quarter 1 – Module 5: Colors of Light Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Colors of Light! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. ii For the learner: Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Colors of Light! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. iii  What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! iv  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Colors of Light. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module is divided into three lessons, namely: Lesson 1 – Colors of Light Lesson 2 – Hierarchy of Colors Lesson 3 – Bending of Colors After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Demonstrate the existence of the color components of visible light using a prism or diffraction grating; (Week 4 S8FE-If-27) 2. Explain hierarchy of colors in relation to energy; and 3. Explain that red is the least bent color and violet the most bent color according to their wavelengths and frequencies. 1  What I Know Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which has the greatest energy among the colors in a rainbow? A. green C. red B. orange D. violet 2. Among the following colors in a rainbow, which has the least energy? A. green C. violet B. red D. yellow 3. Which property of light enables the formation of a rainbow? I. color separation III. reflection II. dispersion IV. refraction A. I and III C. I, III and IV B. II, III, and IV D. I, II, III, IV 4. Red is the least bent among the seven colors because it has the ___________. A. lowest frequency C. longest wavelength B. highest frequency D. shortest wavelength 5. What is the acronym used to remember visible light? A. DOGFOUND C. ROYGBIV B. KTPERRY D. ROMERO 6. What is called the separation of white light into different colors as it passes through prism? A. color separation C. reflection B. dispersion D. refraction 7. Which of the following orders of visible light colors shows increasing wavelength? A. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet B. red, yellow, green, orange, violet, blue, indigo C. violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red D. violet, blue, green, orange, red, indigo, yellow 2 8. Why does white light separate into different colors as it passes through a prism? A. The colors are changed by addition. B. This is an example of color by subtraction. C. Different colored light has different wavelengths. D. The side part of a prism only let certain colors of light pass through. 9. A second prism will change a spectrum back into white light. What does it show? A. Prism distort image. B. Prisms are transparent. C. Light travels at a constant speed. D. White light is composed of colors. 10. Which of the following is true about the relationship between frequency and energy? A. The frequency of the color of light and energy are not related. B. As the frequency of the color of light increases, its energy decreases. C. As the frequency of the color of light decreases, the energy increases. D. As the frequency of the color of light increases, the energy also increases. 11. Which color has the shortest wavelength? A. green C. yellow B. red D. violet 12. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Short wavelength corresponds to low frequency. B. Frequency and wavelength are inversely related. C. High frequency light corresponds to short wavelength. D. Low frequency light corresponds to long wavelength. 13. Based on the colors of light, what color comes between blue and violet? A. indigo C. orange B. green D. violet 14. Which of the following colors of light bend the most? A. indigo C. orange B. green D. violet 15. White light separated through a prism is an example of ___________. A. diffraction C. reflection B. rarefaction D. refraction 3 Lesson 1 Colors of Light Have you ever wondered how a majestic rainbow is formed? Why do we see spectacular events in the sky like red sunset, blue sky, and rainbows? How is the arrangement of color determined by nature? In this lesson, you will try to find through simple activities how light disperse to form the colors of light. What’s In Activity 1 Draw and Color the rainbow on a separate sheet of paper using your coloring materials based on how well you remember how a rainbow looks like. (https://pixabay.com/illustrations/mountain-river-landscape-rainbow-3995571/) 4  What’s New Activity 2 Perform the activity below and answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. Objective: At the end of the activity, you will be able to infer that white light is made up of many different colors of light. Materials: Flashlight or any source of light a big bowl water small mirror paper Procedure: 1. Fill the big bowl with water almost to its rim. 2. Place the mirror with its part partially submerged into the water. 3. Hold the paper above the bowl with one hand and use the other hand to turn on the flashlight or any source of light into the submerged part of the mirror. 4. Adjust the position of the mirror until you see color bands on the paper. 5. Record your observation. Questions: Q1. What happens when the light hits the mirror? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Q2: List and arrange the observed colors based on how they appear on the paper. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5  What is It Color Were you able to get good sets of data from the activity? Did you enjoy watching how the rainbow colors appear in the paper? Light is a kind of energy that can travel through space in a form of wave. Light from the sun or flashlights looks white, but it is really a mixture of many colors. The colors in white light are red, orange, yellow, green, blue indigo and violet. We highlight here the arrangement of colors of light as ROYGBIV when dispersion happens. Dispersion is a kind of refraction which provided us colors of light. This phenomenon is observed when white light passes through a prism. A prism is a transparent optical element with flat and polished surfaces that disperses light. Usually a prism has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Prisms can be made from any transparent materials like glass, plastic or fluorite. Water in a glass can also acts as prism. It also breaks white light into constituent colors namely: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (ROYGVIB). You can see these colors when you look at a rainbow in our sky. A rainbow is caused by both the reflection and refraction of light in water droplets on the Earth’s atmosphere. The water droplets serve as tiny prisms that refract, reflect, and disperse sunlight into spectrum of light appearing in the sky. Figure 1. White Light through a Prism https://pixabay.com/vectors/refraction-prism-optics-150853/ 6  What’s More Activity 3 Use crayons or colored pencils to fill in the color spectrum below and label the dispersed colors on the blank provided. Choose your answers from the words in the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Figure 2. Dispersion of White Light (Illustrated by: Jinemerie C. Atendido) Blue Red Violet Green Orange Indigo Yellow What I Have Learned Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. _____is a kind of energy that can travel through space. It looks white, but it is really a combination of many colors. 2. The colors in ____ light are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. 3. When light appears white, it is made up of different colors just like the colors of the rainbow. The colors can be separated by shining light into ____. 4. ______ is the separation of white light into its component colors as it passes through a prism. 5. The main purpose of the prism is to separate visible light into constituent colors namely: ____, ____, _____, ______, _____, ____, and ____ (ROYGVIB). 7  What I Can Do Activity 4 Objective: At the end of the activity, you will be able to separate the colors of light passing through a casing of polygonal-shaped pen. Materials: paper, pencil, casing of polygonal-shaped pen Procedure: Make your own prism using a casing of a polygonal-shaped pen. Be patient and do the experiment until you get the angle just right. Draw what you observed on a separate sheet of paper. Additional Activities Activity 5 Perform the activity below and answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. Objective: At the end of the activity, you will be able to make your own rainbow using simple experiment. Materials: water, sunlight, clear glass, small mirror Procedures: 1. Fill the glass with water. 2. Put the mirror into the water inside the glass at a slant position so that it leans against the side of the glass. 3. Position the glass so that sunlight shines directly at the mirror. You may have to shift the mirror so that sunlight perfectly strikes on the mirror. 4. Look for a reflection on the wall. It would be easier to see if the room is dark. 5. Adjust the position of the mirror until you see a rainbow on the wall. Questions: Q1. What is the order of colors in the rainbow shown on the wall? __________________________________________________________________________________ Q2. How are rainbows formed in nature? __________________________________________________________________________________ 8  Lesson 2 Hierarchy of Colors In the previous lesson, we learned about the arrangement of colors of white light. But what does the arrangement of colors of light exhibit in terms of energy? Which color of light has the greatest energy? The next activity will provide you with answers to these questions. In this lesson, you will be able to relate the arrangement of colors and its corresponding energy. What’s In Activity 6 Give what is asked. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Write the colors of the rainbow that each letter stands for: R = ____________________________________________________ O = ____________________________________________________ Y = ____________________________________________________ G = ____________________________________________________ B = ____________________________________________________ I = ____________________________________________________ V = ____________________________________________________ 2. Use crayons to draw what happens to the beam of light when it passes through the prism. Figure 3. Dispersion of light 9  What’s New Activity 7 Objectives: At the end of the activity, you will be able to infer that: 1. light is composed of colors of different frequencies and wavelengths; 2. frequencies of the colors of light are inversely proportional to the wavelength; 3. arrangement of colors of light shows the hierarchy of the colors with corresponding energy. Study the table and answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of paper. Table 1. Range of Wavelength, Frequency and Energy of Light Wavelength Frequency Photon Energy Color (nm) (THz) (eV) Violet 380-445 675-789 2.80-3.26 Indigo 445-450 668-675 2.75-2.80 Blue 450-495 606-668 2.50-2.75 Green 495-570 526-606 2.17-2.50 Yellow 570-590 508-526 2.10-2.17 Orange 590-620 484-508 2.00-2.10 Red 620-750 400-484 1.65-2.00 Legend: nm (nanometer: unit of wavelength) THz (Terahertz: unit of frequency) eV (electron volt: unit of energy) Questions: Q1. Which color has the highest frequency? the shortest wavelength? __________________________________________________________________________________ Q2. Which color has the lowest frequency? the longest wavelength? __________________________________________________________________________________ Q3. What did you observe about the wavelengths and frequencies of the different colors of light? ___________________________________________________________________________ Q4. Do the frequencies of colors of light increase from red to violet? __________________________________________________________________________ Q5. What did you observe about the corresponding energies from red to violet? __________________________________________________________________________________ 10  What is It The frequency of light wave refers to the number of waves that move past a certain point in one second. Frequency is generally measured in Hertz, the units of cycles per second. Color has the frequency ranging from 430 trillion Hertz to 750 trillion Hertz. Waves can also go beyond and below those frequencies, but they are not visible to the human eye. Wave frequency is related to wave energy. The more energy in the wave, the higher its frequency. The lower the frequency is, the less energy in the wave. When it comes to light waves, violet has the highest energy while red has the lowest energy. Related to energy and frequency is the wavelength, or the distance between corresponding points on subsequent waves. You can measure wavelength from peak to peak, trough to trough or between two consecutive corresponding points of waves. Within the band of visible light, the different wavelengths are perceived by people as different colors. The shortest wavelength is violet, and the longest wavelength is red. Figure 4. Wavelengths of Visible light (nanometers (Illustrated by: Jinemerie C. Atendido) 11  What’s More Activity 8 Observe the illustration below and answer the questions by writing Yes if the statement is correct and No if the statement is incorrect. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Figure 5. Refraction of Colors (bulb: https://pixabay.com/vectors/bulb-light-electric-energy-power-307687/) 1. Does white light split into different colors? ______ 2. Do all colors of light travel at the same speed in a vacuum? ______ 3. Do all colors of light have the same energy? ______ 4. Does blue have the shortest wavelength? ______ 5. Does red have the longest wavelength? ______ What I Have Learned Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. The color of white light ranges from _____, 430 trillion Hertz, to ____, 750 trillion Hertz. 2. The more energy in a wave, the ____ its frequency. The lower the frequency is, the ____ energy in the wave. 3. _____ has the highest energy color while ____ has the lowest energy. 4. The shortest wavelength is _____, and the longest wavelength is ____. 5. The ____ energy of the wave, the faster it moves from one medium to another. On the other hand, the ____ energy of the wave, the slower it travels from one medium to another. 12  What I Can Do Activity 9 Give what is asked. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. List the colors of white light in 2. List the colors of white light in order of decreasing wavelength. the order of decreasing energy. 1. ___________________________ 1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. ___________________________ 3. ___________________________ 4. ___________________________ 4. ___________________________ 5. ___________________________ 5. ___________________________ 6. ___________________________ 6. ___________________________ 7. ___________________________ 7. ___________________________ 3. State the relationship among frequency, energy and wavelength of colors. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Additional Activities Activity 10 Give what is asked. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Q1. The figure below shows the visible spectrum with their wavelengths. Identify the color that is asked using the given wavelengths. Figure 6. Wavelengths of Visible light (nanometers) (Illustrated by: Jinemerie Atendido) A. ____________________ D. ____________________ G. ____________________ B.____________________ E. ____________________ C.____________________ F. ____________________ Q2. Which of the colors has the highest frequency and energy? __________________________________________________________________________________ Q3. Which of the colors has the longest wavelength? the shortest wavelength? _____________________________________________________________________________ 13  Lesson 3 Bending of Colors Rainbows are created just like the colors of light appeared in previous activity. A prism separates the white light into the different colors of light. With the different refractive indices of the colors of light, bending is also different for each of the colors of light. In this lesson, you will know which color bend the most and which color bend the least. What’s In Activity 11 Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers found in the box below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Using a 1. _____, you can split up white light to form a spectrum. It is a block of glass with a triangular cross-section. The light waves are 2. _____ as they enter and leave the prism. The shorter the wavelength of light, the 3. ____ its frequency and the longer the wavelength, the 4. _____its frequency. The colors are arranged in the order from longest wavelength: 5. ______, 6. ________, 7. _______, 8. _______, 9. _____ indigo and violet. Thus, when it comes to light waves, 10. _____has the highest energy color while red has the lowest energy color. red prism orange yellow violet refracted higher lower blue green 14  What’s New Activity 12 Use the table below as your guide in answering the questions below. Table 2. Colors of light and variation of refractive index Index of Refraction Color Wavelength (nm) in Crown Glass Red 620-750 1.512 Orange 590-620 1.514 Yellow 570-590 1.518 Arranged Green 495-570 1.519 from Blue 450-495 1.524 least bent to Indigo 445-450 1.526 most Violet 380-445 1.530 bent Legend: nm (nanometer: unit of wavelength) Modified True or False Write TRUE if the statement is correct but if it is false, change the underlined word to make the whole statement correct. Write your answers on separate sheet of paper. _______1. Red has the greatest refractive index among the seven colors. _______2. Violet has the lowest refractive index among them. _______3. Red is the least bent color among them. _______4. Violet is the most bent color among them. _______5. The greater the refractive index of the color of light, the more bending is observed. 15  What is It Light exhibits the characteristics of a wave. It moves in its maximum speed in vacuum but this speed decreases as it moves along different media. Refraction is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another. When light crosses the boundary of two media of different optical density, a change in speed takes place. The optical density is the measurement of a component’s ability to slow the transmission of light. This change in speed is manifested by the bending of the light ray. A known indicator of the optical density of a material is the index of refraction of the material (n). The index of refraction of a material is a quantity that compares the speed of light in a material to its speed in a vacuum. normal line Angle of incidence (1) Angle of refraction (2) Incident ray Index of refraction in glass (n2) Figure 7. Refraction of Light in a Prism In figure 7, light travels from air to the prism. When the light enters the glass, which is denser than air, it slows down and is bent. You observe that the angle of incidence (1) is greater than the angle of refraction (2). You can see that the light ray refracts or bends towards the normal. Thus, light bends towards the normal when travelling from a less dense medium to a higher density medium and light bends away from the normal when travelling from denser to less dense medium like when light ray leaves the prism. The incoming ray is called the incident ray from medium 1 and the outgoing ray is the refracted ray in medium 2, and the associated angles are the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction. When white light enters a prism, separation into seven different colors is observed. The refractive indices of the different colors of light indicate that it travels at different speeds in the prism which accounts for the different degrees of bending. In terms of frequency and energy of colors, blue, indigo and violet are the ones with the highest frequency and energy. These colors are the ones that are bent the most. At the end of the spectrum, red is the one with the lowest frequency and energy. It is the color that is bent the least and violet is the most bent. 16  What’s More Activity 13 Observe the illustration and answer the questions after. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Figure 8: Bending of white light (Illustrated by: Jinemerie C. Atendido) 1. Which color has the higher index of refraction (n)? Lower index of refraction (n)? __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Based from the illustration, which color is the most bent? Least bent? __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the relationship between the bending of colors to its index of refraction? _________________________________________________________________________________ 17  What I Have Learned Fill in the blanks to complete the idea of the sentences. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. ______ is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different optical densities. 2. The _____ of a material is a quantity that compares the speed of light in that material to its speed in a vacuum. 3. When light moves from one medium to another of different _____, the speed changes, bringing changes in the direction of the refracted ray with respect to the normal line. 4. The component colors of white light arranged from the ____bent to the ___bent are as follows: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet. What I Can Do Activity 14 Objective: At the end of the activity, you will be able to give scientific explanations of certain superstitious beliefs related to observable phenomena in the sky. Materials: Paper and Pen Procedure: You are to give the scientific explanation to clarify the beliefs of the people in your locality on phenomena. 1. Red sky in the afternoon (Sunset) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Rainbows only appear after the rain __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. There’s a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Scoring Rubrics 3: Discussions did not have misconceptions with complete scientific evidence. 2: Discussions did not completely show scientific evidence. 1: Discussions did not show complete scientific evidence with misconceptions. 0: There was no discussions shown. 18  Additional Activities Activity 15 Objective: At the end of the activity, you will be able to make a color wheel showing the wavelengths, frequencies and energies of the colors of light. Materials: Color wheel pattern Folder/Any paper Cutter/Scissors Glue/Paste Split Pin/button fastener/coconut broomstick Procedures: 1. Cut the color wheel patterns (already distributed by the teacher) that make up the wheel found in the next page. 2. To make it thicker, put the color wheel patterns on a folder or any paper and cut it out. 3. Cut the shapes drawn on the top wheel. The shapes which will be the small window located near the center of the wheel should be completely cut out and removed. 4. Punch a hole at the center of the two wheels. You may use split pin/ button fastener/coconut broomstick to secure the two wheels together one on top of the other, but both should be free to rotate relative to each other. 5. When you see a region of the color spectrum that shows up in the open window and the wavelength, frequency, and energy that corresponds to the region then you know that you have done it correctly. 19 20  Assessment Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which has the least energy among the colors of a rainbow? A. green C. red B. orange D. violet 2. Violet is bent most among the seven colors because it has the ___________. A. highest frequency C. longest wavelength B. lowest frequency D. shortest wavelength 3. Which of the following can separate white light into seven colors? A. box C. paper B. cellphone D. prism 4. Nina sent an arrow beam of white light through a prism. As a result, she observed the light dispersing into ___. A. four colors C. five colors B. three colors D. seven colors 5. Rainbows are formed through ______. I. dispersion II. reflection III. refraction A. I only C. III only B. I and II D. I, II and III 6. What can prisms do? A. Change sunlight into a single color. B. Invert a light ray’s frequency and wavelength. C. Separate the incoming light into its constituent colors. D. Slow down light to few meters per second, when used back to back. 7. For visible light, which property changes with color? I. frequency II. period III. wavelength A. III only C. I and III B. I and II D. I, II, and III 21 8. Which of the following colors has the highest energy? A. orange C. violet B. red D. yellow 9. What refers to the bending of light as it passes from one medium into another? A. frequency C. refraction B. reflection D. wavelength 10. Which of the following arrangements of visible light colors shows decreasing wavelength? A. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet B. red, yellow, green, orange, violet, blue, indigo C. violet, blue, green, orange, red, indigo, yellow D. violet, indigo, blue, green, orange, yellow, red 11. A ray of light passes through a glass block. When it passes through the glass, it changes direction. Which of the refracted rays A, B, C or D is most likely to leave the glass block? A. A C. C B. B D. D 12. What refers to the splitting of white light into seven different colors? A. dispersion C. reflection B. refractive index D. refraction 13. Refractive Index is a ratio between the speed of light in vacuum and ____. A. speed of light in vacuum C. speed of light in a medium B. speed of sound in vacuum D. speed of sound in a medium 14. The diagram shows a ray of white light passing through a prism and emerges as a band of colored light which strikes a screen. What is the color of X and Y? A. X=Blue, Y=Red C. X=Green, Y=Red B. X=Red, Y=Violet D. X=Green, Y=Blue 15. Based on the colors of light, what color comes between red and yellow? A. indigo C. orange B. green D. violet 22  23 Lesson 2: Hierarchy of Colors Assessment Lesson1: Colors of Light What’s In 1. R=ed What's New 1. C 2. D O=range Q1. RED, ORANGE, 3. D Y=ellow YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, 4. C G=reen VIOLET 5. D B-lue Q2. From Top to Bottom: 6. C I=ndigo Red, Orange, yellow, 7. C V=iolet Green, Blue, Violet 8. C 2. Q3. The refractive index of 9. C prism varies with the 10. A 11. B wavelength or color of the 12. A light used. This causes the 13. C different colors of light to be 14. B refracted differently. Then 15. C leave the prism at different angles, creating an effect Lesson 3: Bending of Light similar to a rainbow What’s in: #3 What’s New: Q4. Some colors visible in 1. Prism 2. refracted 3. higher 4. Q1. VIOLET, VIOLET the prism were not lower 5. red 6. orange 7. Q2. RED, RED observed in the water yellow 8. green 9. blue 10. Q3. The wavelengths and frequencies of the colors of light What’s more: 1. red 2. violet What’s New: Activity 3 vary. The wavelength orange 3. yellow 4. 1. VIOLET 2. GREATER 3. TRUE decreases from red to violet while the frequency increases green 5. blue 6. indigo 7. 4. TRUE 5. TRUE from red to violet. Violet Q4. YES What’s More Q5. As the frequency of the What I have Learned : 1. higher=violet; lower= red color of light increase, the 1. Light 2. white 3. prism 2. most bent=violet; least energy also increases. Red has 4. Dispersion 5. red, bent=red the least frequency with the 3. The higher the index of least energy and Violet has the orange, yellow, green, refraction means the greater its highest frequency and the blue, indigo, violet bend. highest energy. Additional Activities: What I have learned What’s More 1. Refraction 2. index of 1. Red, orange, yellow, refraction 3. optical density 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. NO 4. No green, blue, indigo, violet 4. least, most 5. Yes What Can I do? 2. It is caused by dispersion What I have learned of white light in water 1. When the sunlight travels a 1. Red, violet 2. higher, less 3. droplets. Violet, red 4. Violet, red 5. long path through atmosphere to higher, less reach our eyes, the blue light has What Can I do? been mostly removed, leaving 1. Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, What I Know mostly red and yellow light Blue, Indigo, Violet remains since red light waves are 2. Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, scattered the least by 1. D Yellow, Orange, Yellow atmospheric gas molecules. 2. B 3. The energy of a wave is 2. Rainbows can also be formed 3. B directly proportional to when its misty outside or when its frequency, but inversely 4. C there is overspray. You only need proportional to its wavelength. 5. C water that can act as prism and The greater the energy, the 6. B light to shine to create a rainbow. larger the frequency and the 7. C 3. Having a rainbow is caused by shorter (smaller) 8. C dispersion of light in water the wavelength. 9. D droplets which is why they occur Additional Activities: 10. D when sun comes out after rain. Q1. A. Violet B. Indigo C. Blue D. Green E. Yellow F. Orange G. 11. D Having gold at the end of rainbow 12. A is just a myth since you can Red Q2. violet Q3. red, violet 13. A never reach the end of the rainbow. 14. D 15. D Answer Key References Book: Campo, Pia C., et.al. Science 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig: Vibal Publishing House, Inc.,2013. Online Article Pariona, Amber. “How Is a Rainbow Formed?” WorldAtlas 1016 2017. Accessed May 11, 2020. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-is-a-rainbow- formed.html. Websites Sciencing. “How Do Prisms Work?” Accessed May 11, 2020. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-is-a-rainbow-formed.html. How Stuff Works. “How are frequency and wavelength of light related?” Accessed May 11, 2020. https://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/physics- terms/frequency-wavelength-light.htm. 24 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]