Science Grade 10 Learner Activity Sheets – Human Reproductive System (S10LT-IIIb-34) – 2021 PDF

COPYRIGHT PAGE FOR UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS Science – Grade 10 Learner Activity Sheets Quarter 3 – Week 1: Human Reproductive System First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However...

COPYRIGHT PAGE FOR UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS Science – Grade 10 Learner Activity Sheets Quarter 3 – Week 1: Human Reproductive System First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (e.g. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this activity sheets are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets Writer/s: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay Regional Level Validators: Jane C. Basul Marcelina C. Rañin Amelita B. Ajoc Maryrose D. Bisoy Benedicta G. Capunong Irine F. Havana Jinky N. Oraiz Ria L. Petilo Leonora A. Rapal Division Level Validators: Yvonne Salinas Jennyvi H. Papellero Ace Michael Magalsao Management Team: Minerva T. Albis, PhD Schools Division Superintendent Lorna P. Gayol, Chief-Curriculum Implementation Division Abraham L. Masendo, Education Program Supervisor Blessy S. Toquib, LRMDS Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Office Address: Montilla Blvd., Butuan City, Agusan del Norte Telephone Number: (085) 342 1804 E-mail Address: https://caraga.deped.gov.ph/  WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS Science 10 Quarter 3 Week 1 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Name: ______________________________________________________ Section: _________________________ Most Essential Learning Competency: Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems (S10LT-IIIb-34) Specific Learning Objectives: 1. Compare and contrast the parts of a male and female reproductive system and its function; 2. Determine the role of hormones in male and female reproductive systems; and 3. Recognize the importance of hormones in the male and female reproductive systems. Time allotment: 4 hours Key Concepts ▪ The human reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system, is made up of organs involved are specialized for the production of offspring. ▪ Gonads, an organ that produces gametes, are present in both male and female reproductive systems. During fertilization, a gamete, which is a haploid cell combines with another gamete forming a single diploid cell called a zygote. ▪ Gonads are also accountable in the production of sex hormones. Sex hormones are hormones that is in charge in the control of sex organs development before birth, in sexual maturation at puberty, and in reproduction once sexual maturation has reached. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ▪ The male reproductive system is typically placed outside of the body. The external organs include the penis, testicles, and scrotum. Internal organs include the vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles and urethra. The male reproductive system is liable for sexual function, as well as for urination. Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/ Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/ Figure 1. Male Reproductive System (side view) Figure 2. Male Reproductive System (front view) Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected]  Table 1. Male Reproductive Parts and Functions Part Function testis (or testicles, pl. testes) produces sperm cells primary sex organs or gonads for male scrotum the sac that holds the testes and regulate the temperature to protect the sperm cells main male organ for sexual intercourse penis deposits sperm cells into the vagina during mating a tube that serves as the passage of sperm cells from vas deferens the testes to urethra urethra passage of sperm cells and urine out of the body epididymis serves as carrier and storage for the sperm cells that are created in the testes glands provide liquid in which the sperm can swim secretes a fluid that makes up most of the component seminal gland (vesicle) of the semen secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is prostate gland discharged as part of the semen secretes a thick and clear mucus that lubricates and bulbourethral gland neutralizes the any trace of acidic urine in the (Cowper’s gland) urethra ▪ Semen is a whitish or greyish fluid that contains sperm. It is the accumulated fluids from testes, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands. It is ejaculated through the end of the penis when a person reaches orgasm. ▪ Sperm are immobile at body temperature; therefore, the testes are external to the body so that a correct temperature is maintained for motility. ▪ When the penis erect, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra thus allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ▪ The female reproductive system also includes both external and internal structures. The external female reproductive structures or the genital is twofold. It enables the sperm to enter the body and it protects the internal genital organs from any infections to occur. Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/ Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/ Figure 3. Female Reproductive System (side view) Figure 4. Female Reproductive System (front view) Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected]  Table 2. Female Reproductive Parts and Functions Part Function ovary produces egg cells and hormones primary sex organ or gonads for female uterus (womb) serves as home to a developing fetus serves as a channel for menstrual flow from the uterus vagina serves as passage for baby during childbirth receives the penis of male during mating serve as pathways for the ova or egg cell to travel from the ovaries down to the uterus. fallopian tube (oviduct) It is where the fertilization of an egg by a sperm normally takes place HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION ▪ Puberty is a period in which rapid physical growth and psychological changes occur until sexual maturity is reached. ▪ On the onset of puberty, the human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with those hormones from the reproductive tissues and organs. ▪ In both sexes, it is the hypothalamus that monitors and causes the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Hormones are chemicals accountable for the stimulation or regulation of the cells’ and organs’ activity. Table 3. Male Reproductive Hormones Hormone Location Description of Function stimulates spermatogenesis promotes and regulates the development testosterone interstitial cells of secondary sexual characteristics associated with sex drive levels follicle-stimulating stimulates the production of sperm cells pituitary gland hormone (FSH) in the seminiferous tubules promotes the production of testosterone luteinizing hormone (LH) pituitary gland by the interstitial cells gonadotropin-releasing hypothalamus stimulates secretion of FSH and LH hormone (GnRH) Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/9963421/ ▪ The average onset puberty age for male is 11 or 12 years old. ▪ Androgen is any group of hormones that primarily influence the growth and development of the male reproductive system. The major and most active androgen is testosterone that is produced by the male testes. The other androgens serve as support to the functions of testosterone that are produced mainly by the adrenal cortex are only in relatively small quantities. ▪ Unlike the ovaries, the testes can retain the ability to make hormones. If a man stays healthy, he may be able to make sperm well until his 80s or beyond. However, subtle changes in the performance of the testes can happen as early as 45 to 50 years of age, and more dramatically after the age of 70. Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected]  ▪ For many men, hormone production may remain normal into old age, while others may have declining hormone production earlier on. This can sometimes be an effect of an illness such as diabetes. Table 4. Female Reproductive Hormones Hormone Location Description of Function inhibits growth of facial hairs initiates secondary sexual estrogen follicle cell (ovary) characteristics causes thickening of the endometrium inhibits ovulation, corpus luteum inhibits uterine contractions progesterone (ovary) firms the cervix stimulates the endometrium follicle-stimulating stimulates the development of follicle pituitary gland hormone (FSH) cells in the ovary luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation and the formation pituitary gland (LH) and maintenance of the corpus luteum Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/9963421/ ▪ Like the male reproductive system, female reproductive system is also dependent on hormones. Female reproductive age or sexual maturity begins anywhere from 11 to 16 years of age and start to experience cycles of hormonal activity that repeat monthly. ▪ At birth, a female has approximately 1 million egg cells and when they reached puberty or sexual maturity, only about 300,000 of those egg cells remain. During a woman’s reproductive lifetime, only 300 to 400 will be ovulated. Due to decreasing number and quality of the remaining eggs, fertility can drop as a woman grows older. ▪ Female experience monthly normal bleeding period called menstruation. This refers to the periodic shedding of the uterine lining. Menstru means "monthly” thus leading to the term menstrual cycle. ▪ For every cycle, a woman’s body prepares for a potential pregnancy. The average menstrual cycle occurs for about 28 days and is divided into phases. ▪ Menstrual Cycle In order to release estrogen, the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovaries. This high level of estrogen prevents the further production of FSH. Estrogen is also responsible for stimulating the pituitary gland to the release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) which controls the production of progesterone. High levels of progesterone then prevent the further release of LH. ▪ Breastfeeding The brain is the one in command of the mother’s body in order to breastfeed an infant. The hormones prolactin and oxytocin are needed to produce milk. The sucking of the infant at the breast of the mother is the stimulus needed for the milk secretion. ▪ Pregnancy and Child Birth The correct balance of sex hormones progesterone and estrogen is essential throughout pregnancy with levels gradually rising until the birth of the baby. Mood swings can be very common until the mother’s body has adapted to the higher levels of these hormones as they also act on the nervous system, specifically the brain. The level of oxytocin will rise at the onset of labor that causes regular contractions of the womb and abdominal muscles. Even after the baby was born, oxytocin continues to contract the womb to reduce Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected]  the risk of bleeding and to help disconnect the placenta which is brought out shortly afterwards. ▪ Menopause Menopause is a term used to describe the end of a woman's normal menstrual function and is marked by changes in hormone production that is when the woman's ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. A woman has reached the menopausal stage when she has not had a period for one year. After this stage, a woman can no longer have children. TYPES OF REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE DISORDERS ▪ Reproductive hormone disorders occur when abnormal levels of estrogen and androgen sex hormones develop that can cause infertility and other health issues. Estrogen is the primary sex hormone for female and the androgen testosterone is the primary sex hormone for male, however both men and women can have abnormal levels of either hormone that can cause: Ovarian insufficiency is also called female hypogonadism, this occurs when a woman’s ovaries no longer function properly before the age of 40 resulting to ovaries that do not produce enough estrogen or the one that does not release eggs regularly that may cause infertility, depression and osteoporosis. Male hypogonadism is a condition that occurs when the testicles do not produce enough testosterone, causing infertility, a decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and loss of secondary male sex characteristics. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition in women when develop cysts on their ovaries can cause hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated androgen levels, which cause menstrual complications, fertility problems, and other health issues. ▪ The primary causes of sex hormone disorders include: Infections in the glands or organs Diseases Excessive alcohol consumption or drug use Injury to the testicles Surgical removal of the testicles Medications, which include steroids Hereditary factors ▪ Sex hormone disorders can also be caused by: Obesity Low body fat Other health problems Hormone supplements Thyroid problems Ovarian cysts Ovarian tumors ▪ It is important to understand that several glands and organs are involved in the production of sex hormones. In case there will be problems with any one of these glands and organs that will display different symptoms then it needs to be diagnosed and treated accordingly. Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected] Exercises / Activities Activity 1. LET’S MAP IT OUT! Objective: Compare and contrast the parts of a male and female reproductive system and its function. What you need: pencil and pen What to do: 1. Complete the Venn diagram by writing the terms/statements presented in the box below. 2. Write the differences of the male and female reproductive system in the outside circle under each description while the similarities in the overlapping part of the two circles. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM penis, testes, urethra, vas produce 1 ovum (egg cell) testes as the primary sex deferens, scrotum, every month organ (gonad) epididymis, glands delivery of sperm into the produces egg cell designed for nurturing a baby female reproductive system urethra conducts both urine with external and internal uterus, ovary, vagina, and semen parts fallopian tubes production of gametes stops urethra occurs separately continuously produces with menopause from the vaginal opening gametes produce approximately 1 testosterone estrogen and progesterone billion sperm every month produces luteinizing hormone ovary as the primary sex (LH) and follicle-stimulating produces sperm cell organ (gonad) hormone (FSH) Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected] Activity 2. IT’S A MATCH! Objective: Determine the role of hormones in male and female reproductive systems. What you need: pencil and pen What to do: 1. Match the hormones in column A with their functions in column B. Write the letter of you answer in the space provided before each number. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1. progesterone A. stimulates spermatogenesis 2. estrogen B. inhibits growth of facial hairs 3. testosterone C. stimulates secretion of FSH and LH 4. gonadotropin-releasing hormone D. inhibits uterine contractions E. stimulates ovulation and the formation and 5. follicle-stimulating hormone maintenance of the corpus luteum F. stimulates the development of follicle cells Activity 3. FILL IN THE BLANKS! Objective: Recognize the importance of hormones in the male and female reproductive systems. What you need: pencil and pen What to do: 1. Complete the passage by filling up the correct term/s in its respective blank space. 2. This is a Cloze test which means that there is no other answer aside from the term/s taken from the box below. 3. Term/s can be used more than once if needed. ROLE OF HORMONES IN REPRODUCTION ___________________ are responsible for driving sexual maturity (___________________). The main reproductive hormones are ___________________ and ___________________. ___________________is responsible for the eggs to mature in the ovaries once a girl hits puberty. These mature eggs are then released at regular intervals during the ___________________ while the ___________________ stimulates ___________________ production in males. For both male and female reproductive system, it is the ___________________ that monitors and causes the release of hormones from the ___________________. During childbirth, the level of ___________________ will rise at the onset of labor that will cause regular contractions of the womb and abdominal muscles. After the baby was born, ___________________ and ___________________ are needed to produce milk during breastfeeding. ___________________ occur when abnormal levels of estrogen and ___________________ develop that can cause ___________________ and other health issues. Term/s to be used: menstrual cycle hypothalamus prolactin testosterone infertility sex hormones estrogen androgen sex hormones pituitary gland oxytocin puberty Reproductive Hormone disorder sperm Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected] Reflection Write 3-sentence answer analyzing the importance of a healthy lifestyle in maintaining normal hormone production in the male and female reproductive systems. Write your answer in the space provided. Rubrics: Score Indicators 3 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts, and has no misconception. 2 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts, but with minimal misconception. 1 Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts but with misconceptions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ References: Web Sources: “Male Reproductive System”. (November 23, 2020). Accessed on January 8, 2021. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9117-male-reproductive-system “Introduction to the Reproductive System”. (November 19, 2018). Accessed on January 8, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-human-biology/section/20.2/ Simmons, Stuart. “Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System”. Accessed on January 9, 2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/9963421/ “Female Reproductive System”. (January 19, 2019). Accessed on January 8, 2021. Retrieved from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9118-female-reproductive-system “Types of Reproductive Hormone Disorders”. Accessed on January 8, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.tgh.org/services/diabetes-endocrinology/types-endocrine- disorders/reproductive-hormone-disorders Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected] “What is Sex Hormone Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment”. Accessed on February 19, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.docdoc.com/medical- information/conditions/sex-hormone-disorder “Hormones in Human Reproduction”. Accessed on February 22, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.yourhormones.info/students/topics/hormones-in-human- reproduction/#:~:text=Key%20hormones,intervals%20during%20the%20menstrual%20cy cle. Image Sources: Figure 1. The Male Reproductive System (side view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17, 2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/ Figure 2. The Male Reproductive System (front view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17, 2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/ Figure 3. The Female Reproductive System (side view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17, 2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/ Figure 4. The Female Reproductive System (front view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17, 2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/ Answer Key Activity 1: LET’S MAP IT OUT! Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur email address: [email protected]  email address: [email protected] Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur School/Station: Los Arcos National High School Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay ROLE OF HORMONES IN REPRODUCTION Sex hormones are responsible for driving sexual maturity (puberty). The main reproductive hormones are estrogen and testosterone. Estrogen is responsible for the eggs to mature in the ovaries once a girl hits puberty. These mature eggs are then released at regular intervals during the menstrual cycle while the testosterone stimulates sperm production in males. For both male and female reproductive system, it is the hypothalamus that monitors and causes the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. During childbirth, the level of oxytocin will rise at the onset of labor that will cause regular contractions of the womb and abdominal muscles. After the baby was born, prolactin and oxytocin are needed to produce milk during breastfeeding. Reproductive hormone disorders occur when abnormal levels of estrogen and androgen sex hormones develop that can cause infertility and other health issues. Activity 3: FILL IN THE BLANKS! 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. F Activity 2: IT’S A MATCH!