Ryan Didehvar Unit Power Point Greece PDF

Ryan Didehvar Unit powerpoint Greece Might be spelling mistakes sorryyy Some information might be repeated Greece- Rocky soil, mountains, transportation and communication difficult 20% of land is farmable Small populations, separated city states, moderate climate Ioni...

Ryan Didehvar Unit powerpoint Greece Might be spelling mistakes sorryyy Some information might be repeated Greece- Rocky soil, mountains, transportation and communication difficult 20% of land is farmable Small populations, separated city states, moderate climate Ionian sea, Mediterranean sea, Aegean sea 1400 islands, cultural interaction, alphabet from phoenicians Conclusion - Geography hindered Greek Unification Minoan Civilization 2500-1400 bc Island of Crete Capital - Knossos King minos High status for women Powerful seafaring people who dominated trade in Mediterranean Loved sports ( wrestling, boxing, ball jumping) Indoor plumbing, no fortifications Polytheistic? Fertility goddess Major influence in Greek Culture Linear A language Decline - volcano eruption, tsunami, mycenaeans? Unknown! Mycenaean civilization 1600-1200 bc Indo european, migrated to Greece Indo european based language, linear B ( early form of Greek) City states with citadels: fortified palace centers on a hill, civilians live outside the walls (monarchy) Warrior people: raiders,pirates, mercenaries, conquerors(Crete), traders Minoan influenced Architecture Great wealth: gold jewelry Trade - mediterranean, Egypt, Italy ( ships, wheat) Decline/End - Migrations of Northern Greeks (Dorians) Civil war? 1700 bc 1200 bc Dark age 900 bc 400 bc Mycenaean civilizations Trojan war Toward classical Greece Golden age  Dorian Dark ages 1110 - 750 bc Everything decreased Food Population Writing Art trade Very few written records Dorians settled in Peloponnesus region 800 bc - iron replaced bronze , rise of polis( city states), adopted phonecan language Homer relayed the epic poems, iliad, odyssey Reveals life in dark ages Focused on the trojan war ( 1250 bc- Greek city states unite to fight the city of troy) Homer Dark ages poet Iliad, Odyssey- Aftermath of the trojan war Greek mythology Day 2 Sparta Gov. Population approximately 100,000 400 bc to 200 bc Polis ( city state) is located on the Greek peloponeus Allies are known as the peloponnesian league Its legacy, its military power, and unique societal expectations Spartan Culture King lycurgus established military- order reform in sparta after a slave revolt ( helots) - 650 bc Spartan Values Physical fitness Discouraged wealth, luxury materialization Currency- iron Service to the polis(city state) above all else Gender equality Military lifestyle Boys began military training and living full time at a military barracks at the age of 7 Known as the Agoge  Learn basic reading and writing Age 30, they could marry and settle down but remained in service till 60 Girls began, reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics, survival skills at the age of 7 Did not reside in barracks Owned property Spartan gov Hereditary monarch Oligarchy made up of powerful individuals ( two kings) Societies and government goal was to develop a strong military Helots provided agricultures goods and labor Two kings, 5 ephors( overseers) , Council ( apella), Judges ( proposed laws), Assembly ( men over the age of 30) Sparta early history 726 bc- conquered Messina Conquered people became helots( slaves) and primary job was farming 650 bc - helot revolt Spartan lifestyle and values Goal in life - to be fighting fit Discouraged personal expression Valued duty, strength, discipline Dislike luxury Weak babies killed at birth Service above all else Sparta education Boys Boys began at age 7 Reading writing Mostly athletics and military training Girls Girls began at the age of 7 Reading writing, gymnastics, survival skills Women within sparta Educated  Allowed to participate in sports Treated as equal Goal was to produce strong babies Spartan social structure Spartiates- military professionals Perioeci- non citizen free men Helots - peasant workers Athens population Growing population from 475-430 bc !40,000-250,000 people Athenian values Leave something behind, live a meaningful life Intellectual pursuits, wisdom, curiosity, imagination Mind and body perfection Civic responsibility Cultural superiority Trade- silver coins Athens education Males - Wealthy males start at age 5 End - depended on wealth Broader education Older boys - logic, philosophy, ethics, public speaking Military school Female - No formal schooling, domestic education by female members Gender roles in Athens Men- Wealthy males could begin school at age 5 Studied logic, ethics, public speaking, philosophy, reading, writing Gymnastics and Athletics to be physically fit Involved in Gov.  Land owning men held most power Women- No formal schooling allowed Not allowed to participate in athletics Domestic education ( maintaining home, sewing) Expectation for child care and marriage Limited public access outside the house for many women No involvement in Government Women roles Expected to take care of home and children Boys were taught reading, writing, girls were taught domestic skills Not allowed out of house, maybe near locality Women Main purpose was to produce healthy children Not allowed to play sports Had no role in government Contradictory treatment, women played a important role in religions Women could only be educated if they were a heraerae Social structure Freemen - All male citizens Divided into classes Aristocrats ( estate owner) Middle rank ( farmers) Thetes( lowest class, craftsmen) Metics - Outsiders Not allowed to own land Could run industries and businesses Slaves - Lowest class with no rights Could be debtors, prisoners of war, other societies Lowest slave : miners Some were important, policemen Women - No rights  Athenian Gov Emerges out of the dark ages as a monarchy Quickly changes to an oligarchy/aristocracy around 700 bc Tyrants take over and Athens has a tyranny off and on for a while Lastly democracy takes control Moat D is an acronym to remember - Monarchy, Oligarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, Democracy Athens after monarchy: oligarchy Draco becomes leader, establishes law code Draco Became Archon ( chief leader chosen by oligarchy) Established a permanent, written, but harsh law code Different classes would be treated differently Caused unrest in poorer, lower classes Aristocracy, solidified power in Athens , followed standardized law Transitioning away from Aristocracy Solon became Archon in 594 Bc to try to appease lower classes Cancelled debts Outlawed slavery debt Citizen classes based on money, not birth Pisistrates - tyrant Tyrant - 560- 527 bc Not elected Helped lower classes by: Exiling nobles, seizing land, and giving to the poor Provided new jobs Reduced taxation Introduced festivals Pericles Golden age of Athens 460- 429 bc Supported the Arts and government Acropolis Held elections for ten generals Paid officials a salary  Strucism- expel a citizen for 10 years Athenian golden age Height of Athens was after persian war Economic powerhouse Center of art, philosophy, culture Delian league - Athens and its allies Day 3 Causes of Greco -Persian war Spread of persian empire into greek cities and colonies Ionian Greek people supported by Athens Cities rebelled, so Darius wanted to crush rebellion Battle of marathon - 400 bc - Athen wins Xerxes wants revenge Persian empire wanted Athens to stay out Two armies compared Persian army had more soldiers on horseback and more in general Greeks had heavier weapons’ Greek army had home field advantage Persian wars Famous battles’ Persians attack a narrow pass of Thermopylae. Athens and Sparta have allies Traitor leads persians around the pass, behind Greek army Persians burn Athens to the ground, however did not capitalize successes The sparta 300 Plataea- 479 bc Greek city states unified into biggest army at the time Persians lost and retreated Were unable to conquer Greece Herodotus Father of History’ The histories about Greco Persian War Considered “ First liar” - many myths in literature Effects of Persian war Persia forced out of Greece  Delian League led by Athens to kick out other invaders Delian League Athens provided military Other city states provided money During rule of pericles Fear - Athens getting too rich, city states not being helped Seen as a murdering conqueror Sparta develops opposing league - Peloponesian league Athens and Sparta hate each other Peloponisian war Athens strategy - All citizens remain behind city walls, rely on navy Sparta strategy - Surround Athens with their Army Issues- Athens suffers plague that kills ⅓ of Athens population Athens navy destroyed by Sparta Delian League loses in 404 bc Thucyides History of the Peloponnesian War Focused on facts in his stories Effects of the Peloponesian war Sparta becomes greek city state leader for a time Athens still has some power, but golden age ends Greek City states fight, ignoring the macedonians Day 4 Greek mythology basics Greek mythology was based on a polytheistic religion ( culture, politics, art) Greek gods/goddesses lived on mt.Olympus Took on human qualities with human desires/weaknesses Explained natural phenomena and life events Greek religion reflected greek ideals Gods and Goddesses Zeus - King of gods, Jupiter, lighting bolt Aphrodite - Venus, Goddess of love Apollo - Apollo, God of the sun and music Ares - Mars, god of war Artemis - Diana, goddess of the moon Athena - Minerva, goddess of wisdom Hermes - Mercury, messenger of gods Poseidon - Neptune, God of the sea and earthquakes Hera - Juno, goddess of marriage Hades - Pluto, god of the underworld Dionysus - Bacchus, god of wine Day 5 Look at Gift of the Greeks for more info ( you should look) Socrates 466- 399 bc Socratic method- ask questions, don't give answers Virtue is knowledge , no one does wrong willingly Unexamined life is not worth living Eventually sentenced to death for corrupting the youth Plato 429- 347 bc Write extensively Socrates disciple Taught that philosophers should be kings, who lead over warrior and others Opened at school called the academy Focused on ideals Credited with reading socrates philosophies as dialouges Aristotle 384-322 bc Platos disciple Opened a school called the lyceum Focus on nature, virtue, logic, and had multiple disciples Taught alexander the great Politics - three types of gov -Government by one person -Government by a few people - Government by many people ( preferred) Day 6 Phillip II of macedon 359 - 336 bc Macedonia - north of greece, rural peoples who become strong Phillips goals - -Build strong army - acomplished -united Greek city states- acomplished - Beat persia - Incomplete  Alexander the Great 336 - 323 bc Alexanders teachers - - Phillip II taught military matters/strats - Aristotle taught self control, moral hero, need for diplomacy Alexanders traits were - - Leadership skills and courage - Educated and great speaker - Alexander becomes leader after Phillip dies Alexander 334-324 bc- slowly conquers all of the persian empire 331- battle of gaugamela - defeated Darius III - Conquers Turkey, Egypt, Middle East - Gets as far east India, but returns home after soldiers refused to go through india to china - Post conquest - Alexander dies after a banquet Legacy of Alexander Ptolemy- Egypt Seleucus- modern middle east Antigonis - Greece and asia minor Conquered by the romans Greece influence = hellenistic Age Time of and after Alexander the Great Mix of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian Culture Use of Greek in Government Rise of cities and military settlements - temples, baths, theatres Sculpture - more movement, realism Rise of literature and comedy Greek influence and internationality Asoka’s Rock edicts in greek Columns in Pataliputra, India influenced by Greece Terracotta warriors - greek influence Alexanderia, Egypt, Library- 500,000 scrolls Wonder of Ancient world a