Reading and Writing Skills Senior High School Module 2021 PDF

Reading and Writing Skills Senior High School Module First Edition 2021 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be ne...

Reading and Writing Skills Senior High School Module First Edition 2021 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. DepEd is represented by the Filipinas Copyright Licensing Society (FILCOLS), Inc. in seeking permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. All means have been exhausted in seeking permission to use these materials. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Only institution and companies which have entered an agreement with FILCOLS and only within the agreed framework may copy from this Module. Those who have not entered the agreement with FILCOLS must, if they wish to copy, contact publishers and authors directly. Authors and publishers may email or contact FILCOLS at [email protected] or (02) 439-2204, respectively. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Lorna Dig Dio Development Team of the Module Writer : Jennifer T. Dumaran Editor: Barbara N. Villareal Layout Artists: Jhomer V. Retiro James R. Gumban Schools Division Quality Assurance Team: Dr. Kyzil D. Lipar Mr. Mahnnie Q. Tolentino Mr. Jhomer V. Retiro Mr. James R. Gumban Division of Aklan Management Team: Dr. Miguel Mac D. Aposin, CESO V Mr. Samuel J. Malayo Mr. Dobie P. Parohinog Dr. Kyzil D. Lipar Mr. Mahnnie Q. Tolentino Regional Management Team: Dr. Ramir B. Uytico, CESO IV Dr. Pedro T. Escobarte Jr., CESO V Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga Mr. Donald T. Genine Dr. Nestor Paul M. Pingil  SHS Reading and Writing Skills Module This book was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges and universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph. Department of Education Republiic of the Philippines  I OVERVIEW In this lesson, the students will determine the principles of effective writing. Also, they will be aware of the following: organization, coherence and cohesion, language use and mechanics which are essentials in order to write a good and effective written text. At the end of this module, students will know how to evaluate a written text based on its properties. II PRE-ASSESSMENT Read carefully the following sentences and write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is wrong. 1. Cohesion is the connection of ideas at the sentence level. 2. Organization is achieved when a composition contains one focused idea. 3. Use clear and concise sentences. On average, a sentence is 18 words long. 4. Use precise vocabulary. Be accurate and condense lengthy phrases into fewer words. 5. Avoid redundancies, wordiness, clichés, and high faulting language. 6. Unity is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged. 7. Avoid contractions (e.g. shouldn’t) 8. Mechanics is the technical aspect in writing and should not be over- looked. 9. Mention the full name of an institution or organization with the abbrevi- ation in parenthesis, in first mention. Thereafter, use the abbreviation. 10. Number from zero to ten should be written in figures out while number higher than ten should be spelled out. i|Academic Reading and Writing Skills  III LEARNING OBJECTIVES After going through this module, the students should be able to: determine the properties of a well-written text; identify the components and structure of an effective essay; and evaluate a written text based on its properties. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY AND DURATION › Evaluate a written text based on its properties (organization, coherence and cohesion, language use and mechanics) › 4 hours/1 week IV CONTENT Properties of a Well-written Text Knowing the parts of a paragraph and the essay will help you form the framework of your composition, and knowledge of the aspects that make a well- written text will enable you to ensure the quality of your work. More importantly, the message you want to communicate will effectively come through. Unity Unity is achieved when a composition contains one focused idea. In a unified text, all supporting ideas are relevant to the main thought. Without unity, the text will be confusing. Text without Unity Text with Unity Viral videos circulating online Viral videos circulating expose the danger in sensationalist online expose the danger in culture: anyone’s life can change sensationalist culture: anyone’s everything. For example, the viral life can change in one single video of the student who verbally post. For instance, the video of abused a guard in the LRT has a student who verbally abused a changed the life of the student. guard in the LRT has drastically Therefore, people must take note altered the future of the student. of their actions wherever they may She was bashed by netizens for Academic Reading and Writing Skills|1  be, because these might be her rude behavior, and the documented and posted online. hashtag #AMALAYER, taken In addition to that, everyone must after the way she pronounced, be wary of the things they post, “I’m a liar,” trended soon because they never know who will afterwards. News reports share it, too. following the incident soon revealed that the girl has received considerable flak and has even become a victim of bullying. Coherence and Cohesion Coherence and cohesion are achieved when ideas are logically, clearly, and smoothly linked to one another; without it, the reader may not be able to comprehend your composition. Although these two concepts are interrelated, they are distinct. Coherence occurs when ideas are connected at the conceptual or idea level. It can be seen through well-defended arguments and organized points. Unlike coherence, cohesion is the connection of ideas at the sentence level. It can be readily seen in a text through the smooth flow of the sentences and the connection of the ideas. Cohesion can be applied using three techniques. The first one is through the use of pronouns to refrain from using a specific word repeatedly. The second technique is through the use of transition devices to connect sentences with linked ideas. The last technique employs a repetition of keywords to tie up the paragraphs subtly. Text without Coherence and Cohesion Text with Coherence and Cohesion Amelia Earhart was a legendary Amelia Earhart was a legendary woman who made her name in woman who made her name aviation by setting various records. in aviation by setting various In 1928, she became famous as records. In 1928, she became the first woman who flew across famous as the first woman who the Atlantic Ocean. She was only flew across the Atlantic Ocean. a passenger, with pilot Wilmer However, during this trip she Stultz and co-pilot/mechanic Louis was only a passenger, with Gordon manning the control. In pilot Wilmer Stultz and co-pilot/ 1932, she flew from Honolulu mechanic Louis Gordon manning Hawaii to Oakland California. She the controls. In 1932, she finally became the first person to fly over got to fly on her own over the both the Atlantic and Pacific Atlantic. She set another record 2|Academic Reading and Writing Skills  Oceans. Between 1930 and 1935, when she flew from Honolulu Earhart set seven women’s speed Hawaii to Oakland California and distance aviation through in 1935, thus becoming the different aircrafts. She disappeared first person to fly over both the in 1937 while attempting to fly Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. around the world. On board her Between 1930 and 1935, Earhart plane was her only crew member, set seven women’s speed Fred Noonan. Extensive search and distance aviation through efforts were not able to find a trace different aircrafts. of both aviators. Organization Organization is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged. Knowledge of the parts of a composition is a great help in adhering to the correct organization of ideas. The sentences within a paragraph must also be organized logically. Text without Organization Text with Organization Thomas Edison was simply Although it is widely believed the one who created the first that Thomas Edison invented commercially viable light bulb. It the light bulb, in reality he was is widely believed that he invented simply the one who created the the light bulb. What made Edison’s first commercially viable light light bulb successful was his use bulb. Along with his team, Edison of carbonized bamboo as the improved the previous works of filament. This made the bulb last inventors who also worked on longer and it was cheap enough the same project. Compared to to be available for the masses. He previous versions, what made only improved on previous works his light bulb successful was his of inventors who also worked on use of carbonized bamboo as the the same project. filament. This made the bulb last longer and it was cheap enough to be available for the masses. Language Use The way language is used is one of the clearest indicators of a well- written text. It enables the writer to effectively communicate ideas without confusing the reader. Effective language use is achieved by observing the following time-tested principles in writing. Academic Reading and Writing Skills|3  1. Use clear and concise sentences. On average, a sentence is 18 words long. Note that this does not require every sentence to be composed of exactly 18 words. DON’T DO Image is a very important Image is a very important factor factor in politics because once the in politics. Once the reputation of reputation of a person is smeared person is smeared by accusations, by accusations, the people’s the people’s perception of the perception of the person is forever person is forever tainted. The tainted and it may cause him to lose person may lose his credibility, credibility and trust even when the even when the allegations are not truth behind allegations is not yet yet verified. verified. Rewrite the following: An American dentist who illegally hunted down a lion in Africa has recently sparked debate regarding the culture of hunting wild animals, because in America, where people do not experience lions eating livestock and townspeople, such an act is decried, while in Africa, this is not seen as a big issue because lions constantly terrorize the villagers and eat their livestock. 2. Avoid redundancies, wordiness, clichés, and highfalutin language. DON’T DO Although offspring are taught not Although children are told not to to obtain free gifts from strangers, take gifts from strangers, many still at the present moment many still do. do. 4|Academic Reading and Writing Skills  Rewrite the following: While there is a desire to covet endangered animals, transform them into domestic beasts, and all that jazz, it must be more central to our aims to preserve these wild beings. 3. Avoid excessive use of “there” and “it” structures. These sentences can be revised by dropping the “there” and “it” phrase and transforming the sentences appropriately. DON’T DO There are many people walking Many people walk on this street on this street during Sundays. It is during Sundays. Keeping your important to keep your valuables valuables close to you is important. close to you. Rewrite the following: There are four species of pangolins found in Asia. It is of utmost importance to save these endangered species. 4. Use precise vocabulary. Be accurate and condense lengthy phrases into fewer words. DON’T DO Shafts that control the brake Emergency levers are installed during urgent situations are built in every MRT train for the safety of inside MRT trains to keep the the passengers. passengers free from harm. Rewrite the following: Many animals which were hunted down for the entertainment of wealthy people who like to hunt are now decreasing in population at an alarming rate. Academic Reading and Writing Skills|5  5. Be consistent with your pronoun’s point of view. DON’T DO We should accept that fate is We should accept that fate is simply an illusion; you must not simply an illusion; we must not leave our decisions to something leave our decisions to something that does not exist. that does not exist. Rewrite the following: You must join the fight in preserving endangered animals. We have a role to play in this initiative. 6. Avoid sexist language. This issue can be addressed by using articles (a, an, and the), using plural pronouns, using his or her instead of his, writing through a second person point of view, or using gender-neutral nouns (e.g. chairperson instead of chairman). Make sure not to overuse the his or her technique as it breaks up the flow of your composition. DON’T DO Every employee should submit All employees should submit their his credentials. credentials. Rewrite the following: Eve was one of the firemen who responded to the call. 7. Use appropriate level of formality. The more formal texts use an academic tone while the less formal ones usually use a personal or colloquial tone. 6|Academic Reading and Writing Skills  DON’T DO Diskettes may be outdated, but Yes, diskettes are things of the they are still fascinating. past, but they’re still totally cool. Rewrite the following: It’s incredibly surprising to realize how low people can go just to make tons of money. Mechanics The technical aspect of writing, also known as mechanics, should not be overlooked when writing. It is one of the properties of a well-written text and is characterized as a set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate, punctuate, and capitalize a composition. In academic and more formal texts, the following should be observed. 1. Always use Standard English. 2. Avoid contractions (e.g. shouldn’t) 3. Avoid exclamation marks unless they are part of a direct quotation. 4. Mention the full name of an institution or organization with the abbreviation in parenthesis, in first mention. Thereafter, use the abbreviation. 5. Number from zero to ten should be spelled out while number higher than ten should be written in figures. 6. Generally, citations are in academic and formal texts. However, they are sparingly used in business texts. Text without Mechanics Text with Mechanics Pluto was demoted to a dwarf Pluto was demoted to a dwarf planet in 2006 after the General planet in 2006 after the General Assembly of the IAU, as it only Assembly of the International met 2 out of the association’s three Astronomical Union (IAU), as it only requirements to qualify as a Planet met two out of the association’s (Library of Congress). The dispute three requirements to qualify as a started when Caltech astronomy planet (Library of Congress). The prof Mike Brown discovered an dispute started when Mike Brown, Asteroid bigger than Pluto in a professor of astronomy at the 2005 (Cain, 2012). The science California Institute of Technology community went wild! Brown’s (Caltech), discovered an asteroid Academic Reading and Writing Skills|7  findings sparked a debate on bigger than Pluto in 2005 (Cain, whether this new planet, which he 2012). Brown’s findings sparked a named Eris, should be added to the debate on whether this new planet, roster of 9 Planets. The controversy which he named Eris, should be prompted the International added to the roster of nine Planets. Astronomical Union to meet up and The controversy prompted the IAU delineate what a ‘planet’ is. They to meet up and delineate what came up with three requirements to a ‘planet’ is. They came up with classify a celestial body as a planet three requirements for classifying and removed the Planet Status of celestial bodies as planets and Pluto based on the new definition. removed the planet status of Pluto based on the new definition. V EXERCISES I. Read the following statements very carefully. Write Y if the statement indicates a property of a well-written text; write N if it does not. _______ 1. Each major point has supporting details. _______ 2. Transitional devices are used excessively. _______ 3. A thesis statement is placed at the end part of the introductory paragraph. _______ 4. Main ideas are restated in the conclusion. _______ 5. Contractions are used in research papers. _______ 6. An essay uses at least three paragraphs. _______ 7. Colloquial tone is used in formal essays. _______ 8. “There” structure is frequently used in the text. _______ 9. All ideas in a text relate to the thesis statement of the essay. _______10. Ideas are organized according to their types (e.g. narrative and cause and effect). 8|Academic Reading and Writing Skills  VI ACTIVITY Read the following texts about Facebook. Then, analyze and describe how a focused idea is presented, how the texts are organized, how ideas are linked to one another, how language is used, and how effectively the mechanics (e.g. spelling, punctuation, and abbreviation) are followed. Cite specific examples in your examples in your explanation. use the table that follows for your answers. Text 1 With the increasing popularity of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), social networking sites (SNS) have become an integral part of our lives. One of these SNSs is Facebook, a popular site which has over one billion active users around the world. Generally, there are two main functions of Facebook: for personal use and for educational purpose. People use Facebook for their personal use to communicate with their friends and relatives. For example, if there are important events to celebrate, a Facebook user can just send a personal message, post an invitation on his/her timeline, or create an event and invite friends. Facebook is also extensively used to interact with other people. Reconnects with childhood friends and former colleagues is also made easy: a user just needs to type the name of the person in the search tab and then add that person as a friend. The second major function of Facebook is for academic purposes. It has several features that can be used for teaching. For instance, teachers can simply update their statuses or send messages to make announcements on submission deadlines and assignments. Facebook can also be used as a venue for students to display their works, such as speaking performances and essays. By sharing their outputs to others and receiving praise of constructive comments, students would have a sense of authorship. Intellectual discussions can also be conducted on Facebook through its chatting features. Undoubtedly, Facebook is a viable tool for personal and academic success. Not only does it enhance and provide a positive influence in classroom practices, it also helps individuals collaborate, communicate, and reconnect. Nevertheless, people should still be responsible enough so that this great invention would not be misused and put to waste. Academic Reading and Writing Skills|9  Text 2 Hi there friend! I’d like to share my thoughts about FB, because I think it has a lot of awesome features. For example, you can use it in school and at home like me. I use FB to check out what’s happening with my friends. I can even use it to invite them for, say, a dinner or party. In just one click, you will have an instant invitation. I also use it to find my long-lost childhood friends. I’ll just type their name in the search tab, press search, and voila! There they are! They just have to accept my friend invite, and we’re good to go. Oh, I also wanna tell you that I also use FB for my studies. Every time we have a project, my classmates and I just chat with one another to talk about it. My teachers are also FB when they teach. For example, my English teacher uses it for our class e-portfolio. So you know, if you think of it, FB is really great! Text 1 Text 2 Unity Organization Coherence/Cohesion Language use Mechanics VII SUMMARY In writing effectively there are four principles that one should be aiming for, organization in which the ideas are logically and accurately arranged, coherence and cohesion where ideas are linked to one another, the proper use of language and the mechanics as a technical aspect of writing. Following these four principles will make you an effective writer especially in academic and formal writing. 10|Academic Reading and Writing Skills  VIII POST ASSESSMENT You are working as editors for a national broadsheet. One of the writers from the Opinion section submitted the following text, and you are tasked to evaluate it before editing. Evaluate the following text based on the properties written in the table. Rate each property accordingly. Happy introvert By: Ferdinand Marquee Fuentes - @inquirerdotnet Philippine Daily Inquirer / 12:07 AM August 13, 2015 It’s been 12 months since I deleted my Facebook and Twitter accounts. I set up my Facebook profile way back in 2008-2009, and my Twitter account in 2010. I enjoyed them so much that I became addicted. Coming home from school, I remember, I’d drop my books and other study materials on the floor and immediately log in to Facebook and wait for my friends to get online as well. And we’d chat for hours! There were times when I went to bed past midnight and got only three or four hours of sleep. But all went well. The game apps, like Farmville and Tetris Battle, were such fun. I followed trending topics and viewed viral media. I “liked” thousands of pages and profiles—most of which were pure nonsense—just because these appeared in my newsfeed. Gradually I felt… fake. I asked myself: What do these mean to me? Why do I send and accept friend requests, and follow people I barely know? My Facebook listed 500-plus contacts, and I followed 100 on Twitter. Out of all these, I noted that I regularly spoke to only around five individuals. Honestly, I felt plastic. You know—“friends in the Web, but strangers in real life.” Terrible. Some friends suggested that I “purge” the “friends” list, which meant “unfriending” and removing contacts. I spent a few months “unliking” pages and “unfriending profiles.” I even contemplated renewing an account just to start over. I reviewed my profile and realized that I wasn’t as active as the others. My accounts seemed like a waste. Social networks sort of pressure you to expose your life in the form of media and status updates, to reveal your inner thoughts, under the notion that multiple “likes” or retweets will boost your self-esteem or whatever. It’s like a popularity contest—mean and cruel. I just fell out of love, I guess. I understand and respect the value of privacy—something a supposed introvert should know. I like solitariness; you are free to focus on a goal without social distractions. Academic Reading and Writing Skills|11  (But, of course, I still sometimes have the desire to share my life with close friends.) So I began to limit my posts until I became just a viewer, silently reading and silently liking. Mid-August of 2014, a few days after my family moved into a new house, I decided to cut myself off from social networks. Start a new life, I told myself. With one click of confirmation, my Facebook account was deactivated and permanently deleted after 14 days; Twitter was removed after 30. Initially I felt bad. Some of my most memorable friendships were formed and strengthened in and through social networks. It was through Facebook chat that I had the chance to speak out and share mutual interests with friends. Unfortunately, social networking becomes a deceitful prison if one is not careful. Your mind locks itself in a virtual realm, surrounding you with interim entertainment that will soon bore you. True, I was greatly updated by all the available information, but as an individual, I couldn’t tear myself away from the lure of social networks. Being online turned me into a puppet, a mindless being who let time pass unproductively. So I leaped far from its iron bars. But the idleness that ensued after I regained my freedom almost drove me mad! I had an itch I couldn’t scratch. I’m in a new house in a new neighborhood, and I had nothing to do. With time on my hands, I resurrected past interests and renewed and improved skills. For example, I learned how to make and knead dough, and have perfected savory masterpieces like chicken empanada, doughnuts, scones and biscuits, and fruit pies. What I truly appreciate now is that I’m nourishing my passion for writing. I’ve always claimed to love to write and that I wanted to write a novel—but I have nothing to show. Now I’m pushing myself to act on my goals, especially while I’m still in my youth. The soil won’t till itself, you know. In the 12 months since I deleted my Facebook and Twitter accounts, I have not felt like a fool. With each breath I remember that I have a life to live, and memories to form and to keep. I am not a virtual man. I am … real. Ferdinand Marquee Fuentes, 21, says he is an aspiring writer. Property Score Presentation of a focused idea /20 Connection of ideas /20 Logical arrangement of ideas /20 Use of appropriate tone, style and level of formality /20 Appropriate use of punctuation and spelling /20 TOTAL /100 12|Academic Reading and Writing Skills  IX REFERENCE Barrot, J. S. (2016). Academic Reading and Writing for Senior High School. C & E Publishing Inc.: Quezon City Academic Reading and Writing Skills|13  X ANSWER KEY 14|Academic Reading and Writing Skills METADATA Title: Reading and Writing Skills Language: English Keywords: Properties of a Well-written Text Description: A learning module that gives examples of the properties of a well-written text which includes unity, coherence and cohesion, organization, language use and mechanics. Primary Media: Print Material Primary Storage: Flash Drive, CD Resource Location: Department of Education Region VI-Western Visayas Division of Aklan Developer: Jennifer T. Dumaran