Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training (2nd Ed) PDF

 Introduction to SPORTS MEDICINE and AT H L E T I C T R A I N I N G Second Edition Robert C. France Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States  Introduction to Sports Medicine and © 2011 Delmar, Cengag...

 Introduction to SPORTS MEDICINE and AT H L E T I C T R A I N I N G Second Edition Robert C. France Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States  Introduction to Sports Medicine and © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Athletic Training, Second Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Portions of this work copyright 2004. No part of this Robert C. France work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, Vice President, Career and Professional or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, includ- Editorial: Dave Garza ing but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval Director of Learning Solutions: Matthew Kane systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United Acquisitions Editor: Matthew Seeley States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 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Publisher does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by the manufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. http://www.delmarlearning.com www.thomsonrights.com Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 11 10 09  CONTENTS Preface.................... xiii Sports Psychologist / 12 The Role of Coaches in the Athlete’s About the Author........... xvi Circle of Care / 13 Acknowledgments........... xvi The Role of Parents in the Athlete’s Circle of Care / 13 Reviewers................. xvii Conclusion / 13 How to Use This Book...... xviii Review Questions / 14 Projects and Activities / 14 How to Use the Learning Links / 15 StudyWARE™................ xx UNIT ONE CHAPTER 2 Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training............. 16 Athletic Training........... 1 What Is Athletic Training? / 17 The Need for Athletic Trainers / 17 The History and Development of CHAPTER 1 Athletic Training / 17 Sports Medicine: The Qualifications of a Successful Certified Multidisciplinary Approach to Athletic Trainer / 18 Athletic Health Care........... 3 Code of Conduct / 19 Education / 20 Sports Medicine / 4 Certification / 20 The History of Sports Medicine / 4 Work Settings for the Certified Athletic Sports Medicine Today / 4 Trainer / 22 Professions Associated with Sports Professional Organizations for Certified Medicine / 5 Athletic Trainers / 23 Family and Team Physician / 5 National Athletic Trainers’ Physician Assistant / 7 Association / 24 Physical Therapist / 7 Regional, State, and Local Trainers’ Physical Therapy Assistant / 8 Associations / 24 Chiropractor / 9 Athlete’s Bill of Rights / 24 Certified Athletic Trainer / 9 Liability and Risk Management / 27 Massage Therapist / 9 Conclusion / 30 Certified Strength and Conditioning Review Questions / 31 Specialist/Personal Trainer / 11 Projects and Activities / 31 Sports Nutritionist / 11 Learning Links / 32 iii iv CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 Student Expectations / 66 Responsibilities of the ATSA / 66 The Central Training Room... 33 Head ATSA Responsibilities / 66 The Central Training Room / 34 Daily Duties / 68 Design of the Central Training The Training Schedule / 68 Room / 34 Incentives and Awards / 69 Size / 34 Evaluation of the ATSA Program/ 69 Lighting / 35 Conclusion / 69 Plumbing / 36 Review Questions / 70 Electricity / 37 Projects and Activities / 70 Ventilation and Heating / 37 Learning Links / 71 Telephone Access / 37 Storage / 37 Office Space / 38 UNIT TWO Wet Area / 38 Roles and Responsibilities Taping/Treatment Area / 38 in Athletic Training........ 73 Treatment Area / 40 Exercise and Rehabilitation Areas / 40 Operation of the Central Training CHAPTER 5 Room / 41 Staffing / 41 Emergency Preparedness: Rules and Procedures / 41 Injury Game Plan............ 75 Documentation / 43 Emergency Preparedness / 76 Inventory and Budgeting / 43 The Emergency Action Plan / 76 Medical Kits / 44 Emergency Personnel / 77 General First Aid Supplies, Equipment, Emergency Communication / 79 and Modalities / 51 Emergency Equipment / 80 OSHA Standards and the Athletic Training Transportation / 80 Facility / 54 Identifying a Medical Emergency / 80 Standard Precautions / 56 Emergency Medical Cards / 83 Disinfecting Procedures / 56 Conclusion / 83 Conclusion / 57 Review Questions / 84 Review Questions / 58 Projects and Activities / 84 Projects and Activities / 58 Learning Links / 84 Learning Link / 59 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 4 The Pre-Participation Physical The Athletic Training Student Examination................. 85 Aide Program................ 60 The Pre-Participation Physical Athletic Training Student Aides (ATSAs) / 61 Examination / 86 Organizing a First-Class Program / 62 Timing of the Pre-Participation Physical Program Staff / 63 Examination / 87 Program Funding / 63 Station-Based Pre-Participation A Model Program / 64 Examination / 87  CONTENTS v Office-Based Pre-Participation Physical Food Components / 116 Examination / 88 Carbohydrates / 116 Components of the Pre-Participation Proteins / 118 Physical Examination / 89 Fat / 119 Clearance for Participation in Vitamins / 121 Sports / 90 Minerals / 125 Recordkeeping / 95 Water / 130 Conclusion / 95 Dietary Fiber / 131 Review Questions / 96 Daily Values / 133 Projects and Activities / 96 Food Guide Pyramid / 134 Learning Link / 97 Food Groups / 139 Nutritional Quackery / 142 CHAPTER 7 Making the Weight / 142 Gaining Weight / 143 Prehabilitation and Preseason Losing Weight / 143 Conditioning................. 98 Disordered Eating / 144 Prehabilitation / 99 The Female Athlete Triad / 145 Preseason Conditioning / 99 Anorexia Nervosa / 146 Strength Training / 100 Bulimia / 146 Overload / 101 Special Diets /147 Specificity / 101 Pregame Meal / 147 Reversibility / 102 Calculating “Ideal” Weight for Individual Differences / 103 Athletes / 148 Strength Training Exercises / 104 Conclusion / 150 Isometric Exercise / 104 Review Questions / 151 Dynamic Exercise / 104 Projects and Activities / 152 Isokinetic Exercise / 105 Learning Links / 152 Circuit Training / 106 Stretching and Flexibility / 106 CHAPTER 9 Static Stretching / 108 Ballistic Stretching / 108 Dietary Supplements and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Performance Enhancers...... 154 Facilitation / 108 Popular Nutritional Supplements / 155 Cardiorespiratory Conditioning / 109 Vitamins / 155 Special Individualized Programs / 110 Minerals / 156 Conclusion / 111 Herbal Supplements / 157 Review Questions / 111 Glucosamine / 158 Projects and Activities / 112 Chondroitin / 159 Learning Link / 112 Performance Enhancers / 159 Anabolic Steroids / 159 CHAPTER 8 Growth Hormones / 162 Androstenedione / 162 Nutrition and the Athlete.... 113 Caffeine / 162 Nutrition / 114 Creatine Monohydrate / 163 Energy / 114 Ephedra / 165 vi CONTENTS Current IOC, NCAA, and Professional CHAPTER 11 Standards / 166 Education for Athletes / 167 Assessment and Evaluation Ethics in Athletics / 168 of Sports Injuries............ 189 Proper Conduct and Good Assessment and Evaluation of Athletic Sportsmanship / 168 Injuries / 190 Purpose of Athletics in Factors Influencing Athletic Injuries / 190 Schools / 169 Anthropomorphic Data / 191 Guidelines for Coaches / 169 Mechanism of Force / 191 Guidelines for Players / 169 Speed / 191 Conclusion / 170 Protective Equipment / 192 Review Questions / 170 Skill Level / 192 Projects and Activities / 171 Recognition and Evaluation / 192 Learning Links / 171 Primary-Injury Survey / 193 Automated Electronic Defibrillator CHAPTER 10 (AED) / 196 Secondary-Injury Survey / 197 Sports Psychology........... 172 Functional Activity / 201 Sports Psychology / 173 Return-to-Play Criteria / 203 Motivation / 174 Full Strength /203 Goal Setting / 174 Free from Pain / 203 Express Goals Positively / 175 Skill Performance Tests / 203 Set Priorities / 175 Emotional Readiness / 203 Document Goals / 175 Documentation of Injuries / 204 Use Operational Goals / 175 SOAP Notes / 205 Set Performance Goals, Not Outcome Daily Sideline Injury Report / 205 Goals / 176 Training-Room Treatment Log / 206 Set Specific Goals / 176 Daily Red-Cross List / 209 Set Goals at the Right Athlete Medical Referral Form / 209 Level / 176 Conclusion / 211 Set Short-Term and Long-Term Goals / 176 Review Questions / 211 Imagery and Simulation / 177 Projects and Activities / 212 Strategies to Cope with Stress and Learning Link / 212 Disappointment / 178 Transitional Stress / 178 CHAPTER 12 Injury / 178 Therapeutic Physical Burnout / 179 Modalities.................. 213 Managing Stress / 181 Self-Confidence / 182 Therapeutic Physical Modalities / 214 Careers in Sports Psychology / 183 Thermal Modalities / 214 Conclusion / 184 Cryotherapy / 215 Review Questions / 184 Heating Agents / 219 Projects and Activities / 184 Therapeutic Electrical Modalities / 224 Learning Links / 185 Electrical Stimulation Therapy / 225 Answers to Stress Performance Contraindications of Electrical Test / 186 Stimulation Use / 225  CONTENTS vii Conclusion / 226 Classification of Joints / 260 Review Questions / 226 Synarthroses / 261 Projects and Activities / 227 Amphiarthroses / 262 Learning Link / 227 Diarthroses or Synovial Joints / 262 Movements of Diarthroses CHAPTER 13 (Synovial Joints) / 266 Disorders of Joints / 271 Taping and Wrapping........ 228 Bursitis / 271 Taping and Wrapping in the Prevention Arthritis / 271 and Treatment of Athletic Injuries / 229 Rheumatic Fever / 271 Supplies Commonly Used in Taping / 229 Rheumatoid Arthritis / 271 Athletic Tape / 229 Primary Fibrositis / 272 Underwrap / 230 Osteoarthritis / 272 Spray Adherent / 230 Gout / 272 Heel and Lace Pads / 230 Anatomical Planes / 272 Taping-Removing Tools / 230 Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) / 274 Prophylactic Taping of the Ankle / 231 Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane) / 274 Basic Ankle Taping / 231 Axial Plane (Transverse Plane) / 274 Compression Wrap of the Ankle / 231 Closed and Open Kinematic Chains / 274 Low-Dye Taping / 236 Conclusion / 276 Turf-Toe Taping / 239 Review Questions / 276 Achilles-Tendon Taping / 240 Projects and Activities / 277 Shin-Splint Taping / 243 Learning Links / 277 Wrist Taping / 243 Additional Support for Hypertension / 244 CHAPTER 15 Thumb Taping / 245 Bleeding and Shock......... 278 Finger Support / 247 Elbow Taping / 248 The Cardiorespiratory System / 279 Groin Wrap / 250 The Circulatory System / 279 Hip Flexor Wrap / 251 The Heart / 279 Thigh Compression Wrap / 252 Blood / 281 Conclusion / 254 Blood Vessels / 283 Review Questions / 254 Coronary Arteries / 287 Projects and Activities / 255 The Heart’s Conduction System / 289 Learning Link / 255 Blood Pressure / 290 Pulse / 290 UNIT THREE Body Substance Isolation / 291 OSHA Guidelines for Infectious Disease Injury Assessment and Control / 294 Management........... 257 Standard Precautions / 295 Wound Care / 296 CHAPTER 14 Bandages and Dressings / 297 Bleeding / 298 Kinesiology................. 259 Arterial Bleeding / 298 Kinesiology / 260 Venous Bleeding / 299 Articular System / 260 Capillary Bleeding / 299 viii CONTENTS Shock / 299 Bursitis / 327 Hemorrhagic Shock / 300 Contusions / 328 Respiratory Shock / 300 Nerves / 329 Neurogenic Shock / 300 Function of the Nerves / 329 Cardiogenic Shock / 300 Synapse / 332 Metabolic Shock / 301 Injury to Nerves / 332 Anaphylactic Shock /301 Soft-Tissue Injuries / 333 Septic Shock / 301 Abrasions and Scrapes / 333 Psychogenic Shock / 302 Lacerations / 334 Signs and Symptoms of Shock / 302 Avulsions / 335 General Care and Treatment for Puncture Wounds / 335 Shock / 302 Contusions / 336 Conclusion / 303 Hematomas / 336 Review Questions / 304 Ecchymosis / 336 Projects and Activities / 304 The Body’s Response to Injury / 336 Learning Links / 305 Cell Regeneration / 338 Cellular Dedifferentiation / 338 CHAPTER 16 Transdifferentiation / 339 Tissue Remodeling / 339 The Bones and Soft Tissues... 306 Conclusion / 340 The Skeletal System / 307 Review Questions / 340 Functions of the Skeletal Projects and Activities / 341 System / 308 Learning Links / 341 Bones / 309 Bone Formation / 309 Structure of the Long Bone / 309 CHAPTER 17 Growth / 311 The Foot, Ankle, and Bone Types / 312 Lower Leg.................. 342 Injuries to Bones / 312 Fractures / 312 The Lower Leg / 343 Muscles / 315 The Foot and Ankle / 343 Skeletal Muscle / 315 Basic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle / 343 Cardiac Muscle / 317 Ligaments of the Foot and Sphincter Muscles / 317 Ankle / 345 Characteristics of Muscles / 318 Basic Anatomy of the Lower Muscle Attachments and Functions / 319 Leg / 346 Sources of Energy and Heat / 320 Muscles of the Lower Leg and Contraction of Skeletal Muscle / 320 Foot / 346 Muscle Fatigue / 322 Common Injuries of the Foot and Muscle Tone / 322 Ankle / 349 Muscle Atrophy / 323 Ankle Sprains / 350 Muscle Hypertrophy / 323 Arch Sprains / 351 Injuries to Muscles / 323 Blisters / 352 Strains / 323 Great Toe Sprain (Turf Toe) / 352 Sprains / 326 Plantar Fasciitis / 353 Tendonitis / 327 Heel Bruise / 354  CONTENTS ix Heel Spur / 354 Osgood-Schlatter Condition / 387 Fractures / 354 Iliotibial Band Syndrome / 390 Rehabilitation of Foot and Ankle Fractures / 392 Injuries / 355 Conclusion / 393 Common Injuries to the Lower Leg / 355 Review Questions / 394 Contusions / 356 Projects and Activities / 394 Strains / 357 Learning Links / 395 Muscle Cramps / 357 Achilles Tendonitis / 358 CHAPTER 19 Achilles Tendon Rupture / 359 Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome The Hip and Pelvis.......... 396 (Shin Splints) / 361 The Hip and Pelvis / 397 Stress Fractures / 362 Skeletal Structure / 398 Compartment Syndrome / 363 Primary Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Fractures / 364 Thigh / 400 Additional Tests for the Foot, Ankle, and Common Injuries and Conditions of the Lower Leg / 364 Hip and Thigh / 403 Anterior Drawer Test / 366 Bursitis / 403 Plantar Fascia Test / 366 Fracture / 403 Talar Tilt Test / 366 Quadriceps and Hip Flexor Tinel’s Sign / 366 Strains / 404 Conclusion / 367 Hamstring Strains / 405 Review Questions / 367 Adductor (Groin) Strains / 408 Projects and Activities / 368 Iliotibial Band Syndrome / 409 Learning Links / 368 Quadriceps Contusions / 411 Myositis Ossificans / 412 CHAPTER 18 Iliac Crest Contusions / 413 Overuse Injuries / 413 The Knee................... 369 Stress Fractures / 415 The Knee / 370 Conclusion / 415 Cartilage / 371 Review Questions / 415 Ligaments of the Knee / 371 Projects and Activities / 416 The Patellofemoral Joint / 373 Learning Links / 416 Muscles / 373 Knee Injuries / 375 CHAPTER 20 Patellofemoral Problems / 375 The Elbow, Wrist, and Hand.. 417 Patellar Tendonitis / 377 Fat Pad Syndrome / 378 The Elbow, Wrist, and Hand / 418 Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) The Elbow / 418 Sprain / 380 Muscles of the Elbow / 418 Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Common Injuries of the Elbow / 420 Sprain / 381 Contusions / 420 Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament / 382 Olecranon Bursitis / 421 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear / 385 Ulnar Nerve Contusion / 421 Meniscus Tears / 386 Strains to the Elbow / 422 Epiphyseal (Growth-Plate) Injuries / 387 Epicondylitis / 422 x CONTENTS Sprains of the Elbow / 425 Brachial Plexus Injury / 473 Dislocations of the Elbow / 425 Fractures of the Shoulder / 476 Fractures of the Elbow and Is It a Shoulder Injury? / 476 Forearm / 426 Additional Stretching and Strengthening Volkmann’s Contracture / 427 Exercises for the Shoulder / 478 Injury to the Ulnar Nerve / 428 Conclusion / 481 Injury to the Radial Nerve / 429 Review Questions / 481 Injury to the Median Nerve / 430 Projects and Activities / 482 The Wrist and Hand / 430 Learning Links / 482 Muscles of the Hand and Wrist / 431 Hand and Wrist Injuries / 434 CHAPTER 22 Fractures of the Wrist and Hand / 435 The Chest and Abdomen..... 483 Dislocations and Subluxations of the Hand and Wrist / 438 The Thoracic Cavity / 484 Contusions / 439 Ribs and Sternum / 484 Sprains of the Wrist and Hand / 439 The Respiratory System / 485 Tendonitis / 440 The Nasal Cavity / 486 Nerve Impingement and Carpal Tunnel The Pharynx / 486 Syndrome / 441 The Larynx / 487 Ganglion Cyst of the Wrist / 444 The Trachea / 488 Boutonnière Deformity / 444 The Bronchi and the Bronchioles / 489 Strengthening Exercises for The Alveoli / 490 the Wrist / 446 The Lungs / 490 Conclusion / 447 The Pleura / 491 Review Questions / 447 The Mediastinum / 491 Projects and Activities / 448 Respiration / 492 Learning Links / 448 External Respiration / 492 Internal Respiration / 493 CHAPTER 21 Cellular Respiration / 493 The Shoulder............... 449 Mechanics of the Breathing / 494 Inhalation/Inspiration / 494 The Shoulder Girdle Complex / 450 Exhalation/Expiration / 495 Structure and Function / 450 Respiratory Movements and Frequency The Rotator Cuff / 451 of Respiration / 496 Muscle Force Couple / 453 Control of Breathing / 497 Scapulothoracic Mechanics / 455 Lung Capacity and Volume / 497 Overuse Injuries to the Shoulder / 458 Disorders of the Respiratory System / 498 Impingement Syndrome / 458 Asthma / 498 Rotator-Cuff Tears / 463 Chest (Thorax) Injuries / 499 Muscle Strains / 464 Rib Contusions / 500 Biceps (Long Head) Tendonitis / 465 Rib Fractures / 500 Biceps Tendon Rupture / 465 Chest Contusions / 502 Traumatic Shoulder Injuries / 467 Myocardial Contusion and Aortic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation / 467 Rupture / 502 Glenoid Labrum Injuries / 468 Sudden Death Syndrome in Multidirectional Instabilities / 470 Athletes / 503 Acromioclavicular Separation / 470 Pneumothorax / 504  CONTENTS xi Hemothopneumothorax / 506 Orbital Blow-Out Fracture / 541 Pulmonary Contusions / 506 Hyphema / 542 Blows to the Solar Plexus / 507 Conjunctivitis / 543 Hyperventilation / 507 The Ear / 544 Side Stitches / 508 The Outer Ear / 545 Injury Prevention for the Chest / 510 The Middle Ear / 545 The Abdominopelvic Cavity / 511 The Inner Ear / 546 Protection of the Abdominal Organs / 511 Injuries to the Ear / 546 Organs of the Abdominopelvic Cauliflower Ear / 546 Cavity / 511 Swimmer’s Ear / 547 Stomach / 511 Foreign Bodies in the Ear / 548 Small Intestine / 512 Tympanic (Eardrum) Rupture / 549 Pancreas / 514 The Nose / 549 Liver / 514 Injuries to the Nose / 550 Gallbladder / 516 Epistaxis / 550 Large Intestine / 516 Nasal Fractures and Septal Kidneys / 518 Deviations / 553 Urinary Bladder / 521 The Mouth and Jaw / 554 Terms Referring to Regions in the Injuries to the Mouth and Jaw / 554 Abdominopelvic Cavity / 521 Jaw Fractures / 555 Abdominal Injuries / 522 Temporomandibular Joint Injury / 556 Kidney Contusion / 522 Injuries to the Teeth / 557 Liver Contusion / 523 The Head / 559 Injuries to the Spleen / 523 The Brain / 559 Hernias / 525 Head Injuries / 561 Conclusion / 526 Scalp Injuries / 561 Review Questions / 526 Skull Fractures / 562 Projects and Activities / 527 Brain Injuries / 563 Learning Link / 528 Concussions / 563 Brain Contusions / 574 CHAPTER 23 Hemorrhage (Bleeding) / 574 Secondary Impact Syndrome / 575 The Head and Face.......... 529 Conclusion / 576 The Head and Face / 530 Review Questions / 576 The Eye / 530 Projects and Activities / 577 Sclera / 532 Learning Links / 578 Cornea / 532 Choroid Coat and the Iris / 532 CHAPTER 24 Lens and Related Structures / 534 Retina / 535 The Spine.................. 579 Pathway of Vision / 537 The Nervous System / 580 Eye Injuries / 537 The Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous Specks in the Eyes / 538 Systems / 580 Blows (Contusions) to the Eye / 540 Peripheral Nervous System / 580 Cuts, Punctures, and Abrasions of the Nerves / 580 Eye or Eyelid / 541 Cranial and Spinal Nerves / 582 xii CONTENTS Autonomic Nervous System / 584 Heat Exhaustion / 611 Reflex Act / 586 Heatstroke / 612 The Spine / 587 Cold Stress / 612 Spinal Cord / 589 Hypothermia / 616 Injuries to the Spine / 589 Frostbite / 620 Cervical Spine Injuries / 589 Skin Conditions in Athletes / 622 Cervical Sprains and Strains / 592 Acne Mechanica / 622 Cervical Nerve Syndrome / 593 Plantar Warts / 623 Cervical Fractures and Herpes Gladiatorum / 623 Subluxations / 593 Fungal Infections / 624 Thoracic Spine Injuries / 595 Blisters / 624 Lumbar Spine Injuries / 595 Abrasions / 625 Spondylolysis / 596 Jogger’s Nipples / 626 Intervertebral Disc Herniation / 597 Diabetes / 626 Sacroiliac Injuries / 598 Type 1 Diabetes / 626 Conclusion / 599 Type 2 Diabetes / 627 Review Questions / 600 Diabetic Emergencies / 627 Projects and Activities / 600 Seizure Disorders / 628 Learning Links / 601 Insect Bites and Stings / 630 The Female Athlete Triad / 631 UNIT FOUR Warning Signs / 633 Prevention / 633 Special Considerations.... 603 Conclusion / 634 Review Questions / 635 CHAPTER 25 Projects and Activities / 635 Learning Links / 636 Special Considerations in Athletes.................. 605 Special Considerations in Athletics / 606 Glossary.................... 637 Environmental Conditions and Athletic Participation / 606 References................. 659 Stress / 606 Assessing the Risk / 606 Dehydration / 608 Resources.................. 661 Sunburn / 610 Heat Cramps / 610 Index...................... 665 Heat Syncope / 611  P R E FA C E Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, Second Edition, is written for individuals interested in athletics and the medical needs of athletes. This book is unique in that it covers four distinct disciplines in an easy-to-understand format: sports medi- cine, athletic training, anatomy, and physiology. This all-in-one resource allows the individual to grasp the concepts of anatomy and physiology, and then apply them to sports medicine and athletic training. Each discipline is fully presented and uniquely sequenced to give the user a full understanding of this exciting field. There are comprehensive chapters on nutrition and sports psychology, as well as kinesiology and therapeutic modalities. Instructors will find the textbook organized in a systematic and logical manner that makes it comprehensive, easily understood, presented, and taught. As the first full-concept book of its kind, an entire course can be created using this sole resource. Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, Second Edition, was born out of necessity. Today’s students are exposed to a field that is still in its infancy. The discipline of sports medicine and athletic training is growing at a pace far exceeding other disciplines. Finding quality teaching materials written for high school and undergraduate students has been elusive so far in the marketplace. This textbook is designed and written specifically for beginning and mid-level students. Thirty-five years of experience and teaching have gone into the development of this text. Numerous experts from the fields of sports medicine and athletic training have assisted in the organization and content of the manuscript. Experience, coupled with the lat- est research in these fields, has shaped and molded Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, Second Edition, into a book destined to become the standard in classrooms across the United States. xiii xiv PREFACE Organization of the Text Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, Second Edition, is organized into four units. Each unit contains several chapters organized around the unit theme. Unit 1 introduces students to the rapidly growing fields of sports medicine and athletic training. Unit 2 examines the roles and responsibilities in athletic training. Unit 3 covers injury assessment and management. The chapters in Unit 3 also present a strong anatomy and physiology component to assist the student in understanding and identifying various structures and functions of the body. Finally, Unit 4 looks at special considerations in athletics. The content and organization allow for a logical flow of material that will interest students and allow them to grasp important concepts. Changes to the Second Edition New Feature: A StudyWARE™ Connection feature was added to direct learners to additional learning opportunities on the accompanying CD-ROM. Animations: Animations to help learners visualize certain key concepts were created and added to the StudyWARE™ and in the slides created with PowerPoint®. Workbook: The workbook now includes “real-world” critical thinking exercises to encourage application of concepts learned in each chapter, as well as classroom discussion. Expanded Electronic Resources: The package of electronic resources was expanded to include: StudyWARE™ CD-ROM Instructor Resources CD-ROM with an Instructor’s Manual, Instructor Slides created with PowerPoint® that include full- color images and 3-D animations, and an ExamView® Computerized Testbank. The Online Companion includes 3-D animations and slides created in PowerPoint® Chapter-Specific Changes: The second edition has been updated with the newest, cutting-edge facts and advances in sports medicine and athletic training. Below are major chapter-specific changes. Chapter 1: Updated sections on professions associated with sports medicine and sport science. Chapter 2: Includes the newest salary and employment stud- ies for sports medicine professionals. Chapter 4: Includes the newly highlighted “Best of the Best” sports medicine programs across the United States.  PREFACE xv Chapter 5: Includes the newest emergency preparedness plans and protocols across the United States. Chapter 8: Revised and updated nutrition information using the most up-to-date information available, including the newest food pyramid, with guidelines. Chapter 9: Updated and enhanced dietary supplements and perfor- mance enhancers; includes the newest information on local, college, and professional responses to performance enhancement. Chapters 11 and 12: Revised assessment and evaluation, as well as therapeutic modalities; introduces the newest CPR guidelines. Chapters 15–24: Updated and revised content based on current stan- dards and practices. Chapter 25: Special updates on diabetes and eating disorders, includ- ing a new section detailing manorexia. Learning Supplements StudyWare™: The StudyWARE™ CD-ROM offers an exciting way to enhance student learning of sports medicine and athletic training. The quizzes and activities are an interactive and engaging way to reinforce the content in the book. Review the “How to Use StudyWARE™ on page xxii for a detailed description of this component. Workbook: The workbook was developed to maximize learning through rein- forcement of the text material. Workbook chapters correspond to textbook chapters and include an outline of textbook chapter material, a review of key chapter concepts, and activities that reemphasize key terms, anatomy, and pro- cedures. Activities include a vocabulary review, multiple-choice questions, hands-on activities, online research suggestions, a word search or crossword puzzle, and a “real-world” critical thinking exercise. Instructor Tools A comprehensive package of instructor tools was designed to assist you in teaching the content. Instructor Resources: The Instructor Resources CD-ROM is a robust tool that includes the following. The Instructor’s Manual provides an annotated chapter lecture out- line with key concepts and key terms presented as they are encoun- tered in the text. Suggested teaching strategies provide alternate methods for approaching the subjects of sports medicine beyond those already presented in the text. A complete set of textbook and work- book answers also accompany each chapter, as well as lists of equip- ment and supplies, and transparencies recommended to thoroughly present textbook information. The ExamView® Computerized Testbank contains 1,000 questions. You can use these questions to create your own tests. xvi PREFACE Instructor slides created in PowerPoint® are designed to help you plan your class presentations. Additional Resources Online Companion: Visit the online companion for additional resources, including: Slides created in Power Point® To access the online companion, go to: http://www.delmarhealthcare.com/companions About the Author Robert C. France is a certified and registered athletic trainer in Washington state. His vast knowledge of sports medicine and athletic training has been derived from extensive training from some of the finest colleges in the United States and Europe. His training as an emergency medical technician has helped him to design disaster pre- paredness programs and assist in their implementation. Registered as an advanced instructor with the National Safety Council, Robert has instructed hundreds of high schools, colleges, and professionals in first aid, CPR, and advanced instructor training. Robert’s unique three-year high school sports medicine program has been recognized nationally for its excellence and preparation of stu- dents in the fields of sports medicine and athletic training. Students graduating from his program are now physicians, physical therapists, and certified athletic trainers throughout the United States. He has helped dozens of high schools across the country design and imple- ment similar sports medicine programs. Robert has lectured throughout the United States and in Europe. In 1996, he was selected as a member of the medical staff for the Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. Athletic Trainer of the Year and Teacher of the Year are just two of the many awards he has received during his career. Since the first edition of Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, he has written two other textbooks: Introduction to Physical Education and Sport Science (2009), and Medical Terminology Basics (2010). Robert currently serves as a national consultant on high school sports medicine programs; as well as coordinates medical cover- age for high profile collegiate competitions. Acknowledgments Revising this textbook has been one of the most difficult tasks I have ever attempted. From conception to the finished product, it has taken more than three years. Thousands of hours of research and hard work have gone into writing, and rewriting, the manuscript. Needless to say,  PREFACE xvii it would not have been possible without the unique skills and assis- tance of many people. I would like to sincerely thank the following individuals for their time and expertise in assisting me. I would like to thank my family for their patience and support during the long process of writing the book. I’m sure they wondered, as I did, will he ever finish? I would also like to thank everyone at Delmar, Cengage Learning for their hard work on the project: Matt Seeley, Deb Myette-Flis, Kenneth McGrath, Jack Pendleton, and Patricia Allen. Thanks to John Schroeder, PT, OCS, CSMT, EMT, for his technical expertise, extensive time assisting in this project, and his invaluable suggestions and reviews. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to the following individ- uals and companies for their support and assistance: Tom Walker, ATC, EMT; Denise Wells, MD; Craig Moore, MD; Gary Cannell; Keri Stablein, PT, ATC; Kaiulani Gilbert, ATC; Summit Sports Medicine Products, Portland, Oregon; and Athletic Supply, Tacoma, Washington. Special thanks to all the people that spent a great deal of time model- ing for this book. Program director/athletic trainer Steven Bunt from Irving High School, Irving, Texas, thank you and your students for allowing me to highlight a very special program, and one of the finest I’ve found in the United States. There were four people whose support and relentless prodding helped me understand that writing a textbook would be a good thing. Thank you, Carla Boone, Doug Patrick, Jim Stapp, and Dr. Cindy Waltman, Ph.D., for all the sleepless nights of worrying about deadlines. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents, Richard and Carole, for instilling in me the desire to always do my best. Mom and Dad, I think I did. Robert C. France Reviewers Kasey M. Lloyd, M.S. Program Director Keiser University Lakeland Campus Sports Medicine and Fitness Technology Lakeland, Florida  xviii PREFACE Robert Maxwell. M.A. Exercise Physiology; ACSM CPT; Director of Sports Medicine and Fitness Technology Keiser University Daytona Beach Campus Daytona Beach, Florida Julie Snyder, M.S.Ed, ACE CPT Program Director Sports Medicine and Fitness Technology Keiser University Port St. Lucie, Florida ©Delmar/Cengage How to Use This Book S There are a many features of Introduction to Sports CTIVE O B J_E______ Medicine and Athletic Training, Second Edition, Medici r, the chapte mp le ti o n of this to: designed specifically to enhance comprehension and design Upon co ould be able p- sion reader sh to ry and develo add ssome elements of fun into the learning process. th e h is g g h ts ib e in Des cr tic train f athle d athle h tic g ment o certifie Objectives: Objectives begin each chapter and set Obje alt (A T C ) cr ib e th role e athletic he e ner Des th trainers m play in the stage s for the content you are expected to learn ath ired re s y ste ls requ in tthe chapter. ca nt skil th e differe tic trainer lain athle Exp CHAP to be a cert rtiiffiieed ket an d oppo r- TER crib e th e jo ma ce b rk c e rt if ied The Bo Des tunitiee s th hat ex ainerss ist for 16 a- nes athle ti c tr r aniiz org Soft Tis an d rious professionifaiel d athle a l tic su eLsist v vailable to ce rt tions a KEY T rs ights E ______R M S tra in e i l of R il abrasio _ A th lete’s B age- n ss th e k man acetylc ep Dneisutcu holine iphyseal anBdJ EriCisT plate ity O action fracture potent ial rophils li a b il r rt a in tto afferen epiphy ss __ they p____ e osDsiforisigcu t neuron sis in howUpo nnt and angiog excitab enesis ility n com extens micaetio a in inapgter, thpl ch etio Key Terms: Key Terms are listed at the begin- antago append nist icular ex ibility ternal fix at extrace fibrobl osteoc athleti ion as ts c tr sh ould be lastsoste e oclasts rea able to K skeleto n llular m Exp atroph avulsion y greens (ECM) tick fra atrix osteoc perioste The APTER 20 ye yte um append lain th betweeen e di n the ax ning of each chapter and defined in the margin n cture CHpr dicular ime mov axial sk belly eleton hematom inflamm ation a puun ncctu tu urre re wo wou ve err und un d Defin th e the fu nc sk when first introduced. w in ins nsse n r jo inre ed tsduccti du ction ct e sk e etal sy t keel bursitis erti er tion ti tio ge st n e fin Defin ning intte int age. 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