Rizal's Life and Works PDF

GALLEON TRADE - The galleon trade was a maritime route that transported goods between the Philippines and Mexico from 1565 to 1815. The trade route was operated by Spanish ships called Manila galleons. The trade route was also known as the Nao de China or Nao de Acapulco. FRENCH REVOLUTION - The Fr...

GALLEON TRADE - The galleon trade was a maritime route that transported goods between the Philippines and Mexico from 1565 to 1815. The trade route was operated by Spanish ships called Manila galleons. The trade route was also known as the Nao de China or Nao de Acapulco. FRENCH REVOLUTION - The French Revolution was a period of political and social upheaval in France that began in 1789 and ended in 1799. The revolution sought to change the relationship between the French people and their rulers. PRINCIPALIAS - The principalía was the upper class of noblemen and aristocrats in the Spanish Philippines. They were the ruling class in the towns, and were often educated in Europe. -​ Poon or punò (chief, leader) – principal or head of a lineage. Ginoo – a noble by lineage and parentage, family and descent. Maguinoo – principal in lineage or parentage. -​ The principalia were a group of wealthy and powerful people in the towns during the Spanish period. MESTIZO - is a person of mixed European and non-European ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. CADIZ CONSTITUTION - The Cádiz Constitution of 1812 aimed at erasing the diverse bodies of laws and differentiated privileges while building a homogenous community of citizens with the same rights and duties. BRIGANDAGE - Brigandage is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder. It is practiced by a brigand, a person who is typically part of a gang and lives by pillage and robbery. TULISANES - Tulisanes is a Tagalog word that means "Philippine bandit" or "ladrone". The word can also be used to refer to a robber, brigand, outlaw, or person with a pointed weapon. “THIEF” SUEZ CANAL - The Suez Canal is a man-made waterway in Egypt that connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It's a vital trade route that allows ships to travel between Europe and Asia without going around Africa. REFORM AND PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT - A "reform and propaganda movement" refers to a political campaign where a group of people, often intellectuals or activists, use public communication and advocacy to peacefully demand changes or reforms within a system, typically aiming to address injustices or inequalities through writing, speeches, and publications, rather than violent means. an aggressive but peaceful campaign for reform in the Philippines led by Filipino illustrados and sympathetic foreigners. It had specific demands including equal treatment under the law, making the Philippines a province of Spain, and restoring Filipino representation. From the Philippines to Acapulco (Mexico): 1.​ Spices 2.​ Silk 3.​ Porcelain 4.​ Cotton and Textiles 5.​ Ivory 6.​ Gold and Silverware 7.​ Lacquerware 8.​ Indigo From Acapulco (Mexico) to the Philippines: 1.​ Silver 2.​ Wheat and Corn 3.​ Chocolate (Cacao) 4.​ Horses 5.​ Wine and Liquor 6.​ Religious Items 7.​ Weapons and Gunpowder Burgos, along with fathers Jacinto Zamora and Mariano Gomez, were executed on February 17, 1872 Rizal was born in 1861 SOCIAL CONDITIONS ​ Predominantly feudalistic ​ Exploitation of the masses by the elite ​ Pyramidal structure of the 19th-century society:​ (1) Peninsulares and Friars,​  (2) Insulares, Creoles, and Mestizos, and​ (3) Indios ​ Presence of racial discrimination ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ​ Open to foreign trade ​ Rise of foreign firms in Manila ​ Increase in agricultural production ​ Sons were sent to Europe for education ​ Those sent to Europe learned new intellectual and political ideas POLITICAL CONDITIONS ​ The islands were governed by Ministerio de Ultramar ​ Executive, legislative, judicial, and religious powers ​ Central government and the three minor sectors: provincial, municipal, and city government ​ Revolts, brigandage, and tulisanes: Guardia Civil ​ Dominance of the Catholic Church: discrimination among priests EDUCATION AND THE RISE OF THE ILUSTRADOS ​ Opening of markets and opening of the Suez Canal ​ Ilustrados: reforms in the Philippines ​ Reform and propaganda movement: nationalism and equality, and liberalism ​ Secular priests and students’ involvement SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private: Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as basic texts. SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities. SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils throughout the country. SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and other person engaged in any public school. SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry out the purposes of this Act. SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved: June 12, 1956