Risha Wala - Exploration and Colonization Vocab.pdf

Risha Wala- Exploration and Colonization Vocab Mercantilism- the belief that profitable national trading benefits the economy Viceroys- someone from another country who is representing a country or sovereign as their king or queen Tariffs- a tax one country charges for a good coming out of country...

Risha Wala- Exploration and Colonization Vocab Mercantilism- the belief that profitable national trading benefits the economy Viceroys- someone from another country who is representing a country or sovereign as their king or queen Tariffs- a tax one country charges for a good coming out of country from another one Francisco Pizarro- was a explorer who explored many latin countries, and conquered the Inca Empire and founded the city of Lima (Peru) Mestizos- man of mixed race, usually Spanish and Indigenous race Cash crops- agricultural crop used to sell commercially rather than for personal use Reconquista- centuries long battle between christians and muslims Vasco de Gama- portuguese explorer who was first to sail from Europe to India by rounding Africa’s Cape of Good Hope Columbian Exchange- the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas have been introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas and vice versa “Gold, God, Glory”- term that refers to the motivation of the European oversees explorers Treaty of Tordesillas- an agreement between the Kingdoms of Spain and Portugal that defined where each could explore and claim lands Peninsulares- a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea Jamestown (Colonies)- a former village on the James River in Virginia to the north of Norfolk where first permanent English settlement was established Indentured servants- labor contract in which servants work without pay to repay for their an indenture or loan over time Christopher Columbus-a navigator who explored the Americas under the flag of Spain. Depopulation- reduced number of inhabitants Encomienda System- formal system of forced labor in Spanish colonies in Latin America and the Philippines, intended to encourage conquest and colonization Moctezuma- last fully independent ruler of the Aztec empire before the civilization's collapse after the Spanish Conquest Quinto real (tax)- 20% tax established in 1504 that Spain levied on the mining of precious metals Taino- an Arawak people who were the indigenous people of the Caribbean and Florida Hacienda- a form of large-scale agricultural estate system established by the Spanish in colonial Latin America and the Philippines Joint-stock company- a business owned by its shareholders, who can buy and sell shares freely Hernan Cortes- Spanish conquistador who led the Mexican conquest and overthrew the Aztec empire and won Mexico for the crown of Spain Atahualpa- the last ruler of the Inca Empire after the Spanish conquest Potosi (colony)- a multiracial society, with native Andeans, Spanish settlers, and black slaves who were ‘suppliers’ Volta do mar- sailing technique discovered in successfully returning from the Atlantic islands regarding wind directions