RIA PATEL - Final Exam Study Guide PDF

Final Exam Study Guide Part 1: Mayflower Compact - Set up a self-governing colony based on the majority rule of male church members. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - Considered to be the world’s first written constitution. Called for a separation of church and state. Toleration Act - Set up i...

Final Exam Study Guide Part 1: Mayflower Compact - Set up a self-governing colony based on the majority rule of male church members. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut - Considered to be the world’s first written constitution. Called for a separation of church and state. Toleration Act - Set up in order to protect the rights of Roman Catholics in Maryland. Who founded Maryland? - Cecilius Calvert Who founded Georgia? - James Oglethorpe What religion were the Pilgrims? - Puritans Who is John Winthrop? - First Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Name two problems settlers in Maryland faced. - Not enough Women, High Death Rates What cash crop was grown in Virginia and Maryland? - Tobacco What is the difference between a Loyalist and a Patriot? - Loyalist wanted to stay loyal to the king., Patriots wanted independence. Battle of Trenton - Battle associated with Washington’s crossing of the Delaware River. Sons of Liberty - Radical group that protested English rule. What battle effectively ended the American Revolution? - Yorktown Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? - Thomas Jefferson Guerilla Warfare - Hit and Run battles, ambush Treaty of Paris 1783 - Ended the American Revolution Stamp Act - Placed a tax on all printed material. Proclamation of 1763 - Barred settlement west of the Appalachian mountains. Quartering Act - Required colonists to house and feed British soldiers. Olive Branch Petition - Last attempt at peace before the American Revolution. Intolerable Acts - New Quartering Act Revoked the Massachusetts charter​ Closed the port of Boston​ Royal officials charged with a crime in the colonies will be tried in England. Virginia Plan - Drafted by James Madison Daniel Shays - Led farmers in a rebellion in western Massachusetts Northwest Territory - Contained Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois Which was the first state to ratify the Constitution? The Last? - Delaware, Rhode Island Give three examples of a concurrent power. - Taxes Courts Banks Who has reserved powers? - The states Impeachment - The most powerful restraint on presidential authority. Veto - Allows the president to strike down a law. Who drafted the Articles of Confederation? - Ben FranklinCalled for a separation of church and state. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom - Called for a separation of church and state. Republican Motherhood – Women could change the world through their work at home. Did Washington want to be president? - I say no Bill of Rights - First 10 Amendments to the Constitution Guaranteed civil liberties. Judiciary Act of 1789 - established a federal court system Capitalism - an economic system based on free trade and private ownership of business How did Alexander Hamilton feel about the National Bank? - He wrote it love letters. Strict Construction - The government can only do what is specifically stated in the Constitution. Whiskey Rebellion - protest against whiskey taxes Treaty of Greenville - gave the United States much of the land in Ohio and Indiana Washington’s Cabinet - Secretary of State​ Secretary of War​ Secretary of Treasury What is the role of the Attorney General? - advises the President on legal matters Nationalism - national pride and loyalty Part 2: Era of Good Feelings - Period of time immediately following the War of 1812 Rush-Bagot Agreement - Agreement between the US and Great Britain to limit the number of Naval ships on the Great Lakes Adams-Onis Treaty - gave the United States east Florida Simon Bolivar - Venezuelan Nicknamed “the Liberator” Won independence for his own country Led revolutions in several South American countries Monroe Doctrine - Stated the United States would not tolerate any new colonies in North or South America How did the War of 1812 make Americans feel? - Pride in their country Sequoya - Cherokee leader that tried to help them assimilate to white culture. Specie - Gold or Silver The Election of 1824 - Won by John Quincy Adams What was Andrew Jackson’s nickname? - Old Hickory The Missouri Compromise - Drafted by Henry Clay Banned slavery north of the 36 30 line Maine enters as a free state Missouri enters as a slave state What did the collapse of the Federalist Party coincide with? - Political Harmony What did the War of 1812 convince many Republicans to support? - A strong central government Nicholas Biddle - The president of the National Bank under Andrew Jackson. Samuel Slater - Developed a British style spinning mill in the US Eli Whitney - Invented the Cotton Gin Robert Fulton - Designed the first steamship called the Clermont. What were slaves called in Texas? - Indentured Servants Battles of the Texas Revolution - Alamo Goliad San Jacinto William Travis - Colonel at the Alamo What issue prevented Texas from entering the Union immediately? - Slavery Mountain Men - Fur trappers Oregon Trail - Connected the Midwest with Oregon Country Californios - The first Spanish settlers of California and their descendants. Who led the Bear Flag Revolt? - John Fremont Why was the Mexican War called Polk’s War? - Because Polk aggressively pursued US expansion. Who won the Election of 1852? - Franklin Pierce Fire-Eaters - Southerners who held extremely pro-slavery views. Secession - Withdrawal from the Union Who made the Freeport Doctrine? - Stephen Douglas Lecompton Constitution - was drafted and passed by pro-slavery delegates only Charles Sumner - Massachusetts senator who was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks. What were Lincoln and Douglas debating for in 1858? - Illinois Senate Seat Fugitive Slave Act - Made northerners unwilling participants in slavery. Wilmot Proviso - Legislation that would have banned slavery in all territory acquired from Mexico. What did the seceding states call themselves? - The Confederate States of America Anaconda Plan - The Union’s plan for victory in the Civil War. Who was the Confederate General at Gettysburg? - Robert E. Lee Richmond - Capital of the Confederacy David Farragut - Commanded the Union ships that captured New Orleans. Clara Barton - Started the American Red Cross Appomattox Courthouse - Town in which Lee surrendered to Grant William Sherman - US General who led his “March to the Sea” What state is Fort Sumter in? - South Carolina Jefferson Davis - Was chosen as President of the Confederacy. Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln? - John Wilkes Boothe Andrew Johnson - Was chosen as President of the Confederacy. Johnson’s views on re-admission to the Union - States had to: Nullify their acts of secession Abolish slavery Refuse to pay Confederate debts Republican view on voting rights - They supported equal rights. Reconstructions Acts - Divided the south into 5 military districts. Election of 1868 - Ulysses S. Grant Freedmen’s Bureau - Helped African Americans in the south following the Civil War Was supposed to operate for 1 year, violence kept them in operation for 7 years Frederick Douglass - Former slave who became a prominent abolitionist. Ku Klux Klan - Terrorist organization that harassed African Americans and Republicans in the south. Black Codes - Written to limit the freedom of African Americans in the south.