RPH Reviewer (Lesson 1-4) PDF

RPH Reviewer (Lesson 1-4) Lesson 1: Two ways of learning history: ✓Traditional Understanding Study of the past A chronological record of significant events ✓New Understanding “historia” knowledge acquired through inquiry and investigation Accounts of the past of person or group of people...

RPH Reviewer (Lesson 1-4) Lesson 1: Two ways of learning history: ✓Traditional Understanding Study of the past A chronological record of significant events ✓New Understanding “historia” knowledge acquired through inquiry and investigation Accounts of the past of person or group of people through written documents or evidences Oral traditions, epics, songs, artifacts, architechture or memory HISTORIOGRAPHY The HISTORY of HISTORY study of the methods of historians in developing history It is all about the critical examination of the sources, Selection of particular details and its authenticity A synthesis of the details that stands critical examination IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY 1. To UNITE a NATION 2. To legitimize regimes and forge a sense of collective identity 3. To make sense of the present 4. To not repeat the mistakes of the past 5. To inspire people to keep their good practices to move forward. TWO TYPES OF SOURCES: (1) PRIMARY SOURCES Produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied. Documents or artifacts created by a witness or present in the event. First hand testimony  Diaries, interviews,articles etc. (2) SECONDARY SOURCES Produced by authors who used primary sources Analyze scholarly question and often use primary sources. Books, articles etc. INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITISM EXTERNAL CRITICISM: → Verification of Authenticity by examining Physical Characteristics ▪ When was it written? ▪ Where was it written? ▪ Who was the real author? ▪ Why did it survive? ▪ What were the materials used? ▪ Were the language and words used in the document consistent to the language used during those times? ▪ Is it authentic? INTERNAL CRITICISM: → Looks at the truthfulness and Factuality of the evidence → It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstances of its production. ▪ Was it written by an eyewitnesses or second hand account (author)? ▪ Why was it written? ▪ Is there consistency (conflicting ideas)? ▪ What are the connotations (implications)? ▪ What is the literal meaning? ▪ What is the meaning of the context? ✓FAQS: 1. Marcelo H. Del Pilar “Plaridel” - Sumulat ng parody ng: ANG AMAIN NAMIN （Ama Namin） ABA GINOONG BARYA (Aba Ginoong Maria) 2. Hindi si Rizal ang nagsulat ng tekstong, “Sa aking mga kabata”. Lesson 2: CONTENT ANALYSIS: (is the source logical?) It is a systematic evaluation of the primary source that enable an individual to present and develop an argument based on his own understanding of the evidences from his readings Main Idea ✓What the source generally wants to say? Specific Information ✓The details presented in the source that supports and strengthens the main idea ✓Serves as the basis which makes the main idea truthful. CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS: (is the source credible?) It is considered specifically the time, place, and situation when the primary source was written. The analysis as well includes the author’s background, authority on the subject and intent perceptible, and its relevance and meaning to people and society today. Background of the event > Refers to what was happening at the time of the writing / making of the source Background of the author - Basic information of the author - What was his/ her profession - age - location Type of Source - Is the source a diary? News article? A report to the officials? Speech? Painting? - helps in determining why the source was made Lesson 3: ‘KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN’ KATIPUNAN (Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang, Katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan KKK) A secret society founded by ANDRES BONIFACIO, on July 7, 1892 Aimed to liberate the Philippines from the Spanish Established after the Spaniards arrested Dr. Jose Rizal ‘Emilio Jacinto’  known as both the soul and the brain of Katipunan Pen name was ‘Dimas-ilaw’ Born in manila, on December 15, 1875 Parents are, Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon Wrote society’s paper called ‘kalayaan’ In his short life he helped to lead the fight for filipino independence from Spain OBJECTIVES OF KATIPUNAN: POLITICAL OBJECTIVES consisted in working for the separation of the Philippines from Spain MORAL OBJECTIVE revolved around the teaching of good manners, hygiene, good morals, and attacking obscurantism, religious, fanaticism, and weakness of character. CIVIC aim revolved around the principle of self-help and the defense of the poor and the oppressed. FAQS ABOUT KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN: Has 14 paragraphs of values that a katipunero should have. It embodied the moral and nationalistic principle for all Filipinos. KKK is with a goal of liberating the west. Teach Filipinos good manners, cleanliness, fine morals, and to encourage the people to help themselves and defend the oppressed. Lesson 4: ‘MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN’ Emilio Aguinaldo Born on March 22, 1869, Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit) San Juan de Letran College Cabeza de Barangay (1895) Cavite el Viejo's 1st Gobernadorcillo (Capitan Municipal) at the age of 25 "Katipunero" (March 7,1895) "Magdalo” Historical Background of the Primary Source ("Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan") is the memoir of Emilio Aguinaldo written based on a diary he kept, several documents he preserved, and family lore he gathered from his elders. Believed to be of two volumes, Aguinaldo's memoir includes accounts beginning from his birth, his early life, and his participation in the revolution. Recorded the arrival of Supremo Bonifacio and some of his men in San Francisco de Malabon where he was welcomed with a wonderful parade and regarded as the "Haring Bayan." It continued with Aguinaldo discussing notable differences between the Magdiwang and the Magdalo factions of the Katipunan, Produced in long hand and written in Tagalog between 1928 and 1946, it gave us essential information to visualize how Filipino revolutionaries engaged in battle with the Spaniards which were important events in the Philippine history. Battles won by Aguinaldo: 1. Battle of Imus (August 1896) 2. Battel of Binakayan - Dalahikan (November 1986) - Considered 1st Major Victory 3. Battle of Zapote Bridge (February 1897) 4. Spanish Cavite offensive and Battle of Perez Dasmariñas “Chapter 28: My Bloodiest Fight”: > Under Aguinaldo's command, the Filipino revolutionaries defeated the Spanish troops in Cavite > The whole province of Cavite was liberated from the Spaniards “Chapter 30: Magdiwang Council Reorganized” Magdiwang leaders: ✓ Mariano Alvarez - President ✓ Lorenzo Fenoy - Vice President for Batangas ✓ Pascual Alvarez - Minister of the Interior ✓ Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War ✓ Ananias Diokno - Vice Minister of War of Batangas ✓ Mariano Trias - Minister of Welfare and Justice ✓ Emiliano Riego de Dios - Minister of Economic Development ✓ Diego Mojica - Minister of Finance ✓ Santiago V. Alvarez - Captain ✓ General Artemio Ricarte-Assistant Captain General ✓ Miguel Malvar-Assistant Captain General for Batangas ✓ Mariano Riego de Dios - General, Cavite Division ✓ Paciano Rizal - General, Batangas Division Magdalo Leaders: ✓ Baldomero Aguinaldo - President Edilberto Evangelista - Vice President ✓ Candido Tirona - Secretary of War ✓ Felix Cuenca - Secretary of Interior ✓ Glicerio Topacio - Secretary of Public Works ✓ Cayetano Topacio - Secretary of Finance ✓ Emilio Aguinaldo - Flag Officer Andres Bonifacio went to Cavite to mediate on the issues of Magdiwang and Magdalo in 1897 “Chapter 38: My Election to the Presidency” Aguinaldo was at Pasong Santol in Dasmariñas on March 22, 1897. He learned of his election as President of the new revolutionary government, -Aguinaldo's brother, General Crispulo Aguinaldo persuaded him to go to Tejeros to take his oath of office. At 7:00 in the evening, Aguinaldo, Trias, and Riego de Dios took their oaths of office Acta de Tejeros (March 23, 1897) “Chapter 42: Military Court” Charges were made against the Bonifacio brothers. (Andres and Procopio Bonifacio) ~Treason (Pagtataksil) ~Sedition (Sedisyon)-inciting the people to rebel against the authority “Chapter 44: Death of the Bonifacio Brothers” (May 10, 1897, Mt. Buntis, Maragondon Cavite) The Bonifacio brothers were found guilty and sentenced to death Aguinaldo commuted the sentence to banishment Generals Pio del Pilar and Mariano Noriel persuaded Aguinaldo to impose the original sentence.