GHIST Module 1, Unit 2.1 PDF

COURSE LEARNING PACKETS TEMPLATE Document Code FM-STL-014 Saint Louis University Revision No....

COURSE LEARNING PACKETS TEMPLATE Document Code FM-STL-014 Saint Louis University Revision No. 01 School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts Effectivity August 15, 2022 Page 1 of 5 Unit 2: Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources; Identification of the Historical Importance of the Text; and Examination of the Author’s Main Argument and Point of View Learning Outcomes By the end of this unit, the students must be able to: 1. perform content and contextual analysis on selected primary sources 2. identify the historical importance of the text This section focuses on developing the skill of analysing primary sources in history. As mentioned in the introduction portion, learners of history will experience examining a historical document with the application of content and context analysis. Content analysis entails studying the text, practically outlining all information that the document says. For example place names and person’s names, dates, events, and the manifest message. Context analysis on the other hand involves studying the background of the author, the situation or environment during that time, and the purpose for the creation of the document. Reflective insights on any possible biases that may appear on the document must also be pointed out to give the document a more critical evaluation. Finally, it is also worthwhile to elucidate the historical significance of the document. The following units contain some primary historical sources. After reading each historical document, a template is provided for performing content and contextual analysis. Please carefully answer these worksheets. Unit 2.1 Excerpt from Antonio Pigafetta, Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo, in ”, in E.H. Blair and J.A. Robertson. The Philippine Islands , vol XXXIII, pp. 175-187 The Battle of Mactan, Anonymous painting By Nmcast at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10357771 Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 1  COURSE LEARNING PACKETS TEMPLATE Document Code FM-STL-014 Saint Louis University Revision No. 01 School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts Effectivity August 15, 2022 Page 2 of 5 Engage Check if you agree or disagree Agree Disagree 1. Lapu-Lapu is the first hero of the Philippines 2. Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines 3. The natives of pre-colonial Philippines welcomed the Spaniards 4. Ferdinand Magellan was the first to circumnavigate the world 5. The Spaniards came to the Philippines on purpose Explore The following primary source you will read is an excerpt from Antonio Pigafetta’s Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo, specifically focused on their encounter with the natives during and after the Battle of Mactan. You are highly encouraged to apply the content analysis while reading the text. Excerpt from Antonio Pigafetta’s, Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo in, in E.H. Blair and J.A. Robertson. The Philippine Islands , vol XXXIII, pp. 175-187 On Friday, April twenty-six, Zula, a chief of the island of Matan, sent one of his sons to present two goats to the captain-general, and to say that he would send him all that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to him because of the other chief Cilapulapu, who refused to obey the king of Spagnia. He requested the captain to send him only one boatload of men on the next night, so that they might help him and fight against the other chief. The captain-general decided to go thither with three boatloads. We begged him repeatedly not to go, but he, like a good shepherd, refused to abandon his flock. At midnight, sixty men of us set out armed with corselets and helmets, together with the Christian king, the prince, some of the chief men, and twenty or thirty balanguais. We reached Matan three hours before dawn. The captain did not wish to fight then, but sent a message to the natives by the Moro to the effect that if they would obey the king of Spagnia, recognize the Christian king as their sovereign, and pay us our tribute, he would be their friend; but that if they wished otherwise, they should wait to see how our lances wounded. They replied that if we had lances they had lances of bamboo and stakes hardened with fire. [They asked us] not to proceed to attack them at once, but to wait Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 2  COURSE LEARNING PACKETS TEMPLATE Document Code FM-STL-014 Saint Louis University Revision No. 01 School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts Effectivity August 15, 2022 Page 3 of 5 until morning, so that they might have more men. They said that in order to induce us to go in search of them; for they had dug certain pitholes between the houses in order that we might fall into them. When morning came forty-nine of us leaped into the water up to our thighs, and walked through water for more than two crossbow flights before we could reach the shore. The boats could not approach nearer because of certain rocks in the water. The other eleven men remained behind to guard the boats. When we reached land, those men had formed in three divisions to the number of more than one thousand five hundred persons. When they saw us, they charged down upon us with exceeding loud cries, two divisions on our flanks and the other on our front. When the captain saw that, he formed us into two divisions, and thus did we begin to fight. The musketeers and crossbowmen shot from a distance for about a half hour, but uselessly; for the shots only passed through the shields which were made of thin wood and the arms [of the bearers]. The captain cried to them, " Cease firing! cease firing l" but his order was not at all heeded. When the natives saw that we were shooting our muskets to no purpose, crying out they determined to stand firm, but they redoubled their shouts. When our muskets were discharged, the natives would never stand still, but leaped hither and thither, covering themselves with their shields. They shot so many arrows at us and hurled so many bamboo spears (some of them tipped with iron) at the captain-general, besides pointed stakes hardened with fire, stones, and mud, that we could scarcely defend ourselves. Seeing that, the captain-general sent some men to burn their houses in order to terrify them. When they saw their houses burning, they were roused to greater fury. Two of our men were killed near the houses, while we burned twenty or thirty houses. So many of them charged down upon us that they shot the captain through the right leg with a poisoned arrow. On that account, he ordered us to retire slowly, but the men took to flight, except six or eight of us who remained with the captain. The natives shot only at our legs, for the latter were bare; and so many were the spears and stones that they hurled at us, that we could offer no resistance. The mortars in the boats could not aid us as they were too far away. So we continued to retire for more than a good crossbow flight from the shore always fighting up to our knees in the water. The natives continued to pursue us, and picking up the same spear four or six times, hurled it at us again and again. Recognizing the captain, so many turned upon him that they knocked his helmet off his head twice, but he always stood firmly like a good knight, together with some others. Thus did we fight for more than one hour, refusing to retire farther. An Indian hurled a bamboo spear into the captain's face, but the latter immediately killed him with his lance, which he left in the Indian's body. Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could draw it out but halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear. When the natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them wounded him on the left leg with a large cutlass, which resembles a scimitar, only being larger. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when immediately they rushed upon him with iron and bamboo spears and with their cutlasses, until they killed our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. When they wounded him, he turned back many times to see whether we were all in the boats. Thereupon, beholding him dead, we, wounded, retreated, as best we could, to the boats, Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 3  COURSE LEARNING PACKETS TEMPLATE Document Code FM-STL-014 Saint Louis University Revision No. 01 School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts Effectivity August 15, 2022 Page 4 of 5 which were already pulling off. The Christian king would have aided us, but the captain charged him before we landed, not to leave his balanghai, but to stay to see how we fought. When the king learned that the captain was dead, he wept. Had it not been for that unfortunate captain, not a single one of us would have been saved in the boats, for while he was fighting the others retired to the boats. I hope through [the efforts of] your most illustrious Lordship that the fame of so noble a captain will not become effaced in our times. Among the other virtues which he possessed, he was more constant than ever any one else in the greatest of adversity. He endured hunger better than all the others, and more accurately than any man in the world did he understand sea charts and navigation. And that this was the truth was seen openly, for no other had had so much natural talent nor the boldness to learn how to circumnavigate the world, as he had almost done. That battle was fought on Saturday, April twenty-seven, I52I. The captain desired to fight on Saturday, because it was the day especially holy to him. Eight of our men were killed with him in that battle, and four Indians, who had become Christians and who had come afterward to aid us were killed by the mortars of the boats. Of the enemy, only fifteen were killed, while many of us were wounded. In the afternoon the Christian king sent a message with our consent to the people of Matan, to the effect that if they would give us the captain and the other men who had been killed, we would give them as much merchandise as they wished. They answered that they would not give up such a man, as we imagined [they would do], and that they would not give him for all the riches in the world, but that they intended to keep him as a memorial. On Saturday, the day on which the captain was killed, the four men who had remained in the city to trade, had our merchandise carried to the ships. Then we chose two commanders, namely, Duarte Barboza, a Portuguese and a relative of the captain, and Johan Seranno, a Spaniard. As our interpreter, Henrich by name, was wounded slightly, he would not go ashore any more to attend to our necessary affairs, but always kept his bed. On that account, Duarte Barboza, the commander of the flagship, cried out to him and told him, that although his master, the captain, was dead, he was not therefore free; on the contrary he [i.e., Barboza] would see to it that when we should reach Espagnia, he should still be the slave of Donia Beatrice, the wife of the captain-general. And threatening the slave that if he did go ashore, he would be flogged, the latter arose, and, feigning to take no heed to those words, went ashore to tell the Christian king that we were about to leave very soon, but that if he would follow his advice, he could gain the ships and all our merchandise. Accordingly they arranged a plot, and the slave returned to the ship, where he showed that he was more cunning than before. On Wednesday morning, the first of May, the Christian king sent word to the commanders that the jewels which he had promised to send to the king of Spagnia were ready, and that he begged them and their other companions to come to dine with him that morning, when he would give them the jewels. Twenty-four men went ashore, among whom was our astrologer, San Martin de Sivilla. I could not go because I was all swollen up by a wound from a poisoned arrow which I had received in my face. Jovan Carvaio and the constable returned, and told us that they saw the man who had been cured by a miracle take the priest to his house. Consequently, Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 4  COURSE LEARNING PACKETS TEMPLATE Document Code FM-STL-014 Saint Louis University Revision No. 01 School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts Effectivity August 15, 2022 Page 5 of 5 they had left that place, because they suspected some evil. Scarcely had they spoken those words when we heard loud cries and lamentations. We immediately weighed anchor and discharging many mortars into the houses, drew in nearer to the shore. While thus discharging [our pieces] we saw Johan Seranno in his shirt bound and wounded, crying to us not to fire any more, for the natives would killhim. We asked him whether all the others and the interpreter were dead. He said that they were all dead except the interpreter. He begged us earnestly to redeem him with some of the merchandise; but Johan Carvaio, his boon companion, [and others] would not allow the boat to go ashore so that they might remain masters of the ships. But although Johan Serrano weeping asked us not to set sail so quickly, for they would kill him, and said that he prayed God to ask his soul of Johan Carvaio, his comrade, in the day of judgment, we immediately departed. I do not know whether he is dead or alive. Explain The assigned reading material is an excerpt from the work of Antonio Pigafetta, Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo, which was published sometime in the 1550s, roughly two decades after his death. The entire work documents the Magellan expedition of 1519-1522 which originally was intended to locate the Westward route to the Spice Islands. The excerpt narrates, among others, the battle of Mactan upto the escape of the Spanish survivors. Elaborate Antonio Pigafetta, born in Italy in 1491, served in Magellan’s expedition in 1519 as the chronicler. He recorded the events that transpired during the expedition even after the death of the Captain in 1521. He was fortunate to be one of the 18 men to return to Spain aboard the ship Victoria captained by Juan Sebastián Elcano in 1522. After the voyage, he related his experiences through the report Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo which were distributed to the European nobility. The report was published posthumously (Pigafetta died in 1531) in the 1550s by Italian historian Giovanni Battista Ramusio. Originally written in Italian, the document in subsequent publications has been translated. The excerpt above was the translation of James Alexander Robertson. Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 5