Lesson 1_ Learning History and Understanding Sources PDF

Unit 1: Context Analysis Lesson 1: Learning History Lesson 2: Understanding sources  What is CONTEXT ANALYSIS? Considers the time and place the historical document was written as well as the situations or the circumstances during the time.  What is CONTEXT ANALYSIS? Works are analyzed by t...

Unit 1: Context Analysis Lesson 1: Learning History Lesson 2: Understanding sources  What is CONTEXT ANALYSIS? Considers the time and place the historical document was written as well as the situations or the circumstances during the time.  What is CONTEXT ANALYSIS? Works are analyzed by taking into the account of the author, his background, role in the event and his intent for writing the document.  What is CONTEXT ANALYSIS? Works are analyzed by taking into the account of the author, his background, role in the event and his intent for writing the document.  EXAMPLE: HERODOTUS Herodotus was a Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian Sometime around the year 425 B.C., Herodotus published his magnum opus: a long account of the Greco-Persian Wars that he called “The Histories.”  EXAMPLE: HERODOTUS he was called `The Father of History’ by the Roman writer and orator Cicero for his famous work The Histories  Objectives: Demonstrate an understanding of history. Explain the significance of history. WHAT IS HISTORY?  HISTORY IS… The study of beliefs and desires, practices and institutions of human beings. Not merely a lists of names, dates, places and “important” events. More than just knowing and memorizing facts.  Sociologists Defined history as the study of life in society of the past, in all its aspects, in relation to present development and future hopes. Sociologists Focus on the study of man in time, an inquiry into the past based on valid evidences. Sociologists Thrives on the evidences which validates the authenticity and credibility of the event. HISTORY _________ the present generation of events that happened in the past, _____________ it happened and ___________ it happened. HISTORY inform the present generation of events that happened in the past, when it happened and how it happened. WHAT IS THE WORK OF A HISTORIAN?  HISTORIANS Draw insights from the ideas and realities that have shaped the lives of men and women and the society.  HISTORIANS He can comprehend how situations happened, identify their elements, and how these situations can solve today’s predicament and help plan for the future. With this, HISTORY becomes an active factor in the study of Philippine society. An examination of the past can tell us great deal about how we came to be who we are. Looking at the roots of modern institutions, ideas, values and problems. Enable us to analyze critically the present contexts of society and beings. ON THE PART OF THE STUDENTS… History is aimed at helping students to understand the existing social, political, religious and economic condition of the people. Japanese are wary of the nuclear bombs Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia and other former members of the Russian Federation gained independence.  The Meaning of History Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method by Louis Gottschalk (1950, New York: Knopf, p. 17) History meant a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account… - Aristotle By its common definition, the word history now means “the past of mankind.” Nature of History 1. History is a study of the present in the light of the past. The present owes its existence on the past. To understand how society has come to its present form, there is a need to know the past. The past events need to be unearthed to reveal how the present evolved out of it. 2. History is the study of man. History deals with man’s struggles through the ages. How man developed, how man has studied and use his environment. 3. History is concerned with man in time. It deals with series of events and each event happens at a given point in time. Dwells on the human development in time. 4. History is concerned with man in space. Talks about nations and human activities in the context of their physical ang geographical environment. Centers on the interaction of man on his environment and vice – versa. 5. History is provides an objective record of happenings. Based from original sources and make them free from subjective interpretation. 6. History is multisided. History is not limited to one certain aspects of man’s life, it covers all aspect as they all closely interrelated. A change in politics could have an effect in other aspects of the society. 7. History is a dialogue between the events of the past and progressively emerging future ends. Past events are interpreted and become predictor of new objectives. 8. History is not only a narration but it is also an analysis. Dissects and explains the occurrence of the event and how it ultimately changes the society over time. 9. Continuity and coherence are necessary requisites of history. History monitors the development of the society from generation to generation after series of event, justifying the essence of continuity. 10. History is relevant In the study of history, only significant events which have influenced the society are covered and essential to the understanding of the present life. 11. History is comprehensive. Not limited to one period of time or to one country alone. It deals with all aspects of one life – political, social, economic, religion, literary, aesthetic and physical, giving a clear picture of global linkage. Relevance of History 1. History helps us understand people and societies Experiences in the past play in shaping the society. Ex. Countless revolutions, alliances and elections influences how people act and behave. - why Jews hated Hitler - how Palestine struggle for recognition until now. 2. History contributes to moral understanding. Studying the struggles of heroes in the past or of people who defied adversities can serve as inspiration. Ex. Mahatma Gandhi and Corazon Aquino – examples of peaceful revolution. 3. History provides identity. Evidences how families, race, institutions and countries were formed and how they evolve while retaining cohesion. 4. Studying history is essential for good citizenship. Knowing where your ancestors came from and their struggles for freedom is a source of pride for any individual. Encourages habits of mind that are vital for responsible public behavior. 5. History is useful in the world of work. Helps create good business people, professionals and political leaders. An asset for a variety of work and professional situations. Lesson 2: Understanding Sources  ARE Add a footer * ‹#›  Understanding History, Gottschalk (1950) Discusses the importance of sources for the historian’s work. Historians – has to use many materials that are not in books, has to depend largely on museums. - Add a footer * ‹#›  Understanding History, Gottschalk (1950) search in archives, courthouses, government libraries, papers of business houses, ancient castles, possession of autograph collectors, parish churches’ records. Add a footer * ‹#›  SOURCES It is from historical sources that our history is studied and written. But in analyzing them, several methodologies and theories were used by historians to properly study history and glean from the sources what is, for them, a proper way of writing history to enhance and disseminate national identity. Add a footer * ‹#›  SOURCES several methodologies and theories were used by historians to properly study history and glean from the sources what is, for them, a proper way of writing history to enhance and disseminate national identity. Add a footer * ‹#› Add a footer * ‹#›  Primary Sources Are materials produced by people or groups directly involved in the event or the topic being studied, Add a footer * ‹#›  EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES 1. Photographs that may reflect social conditions of historical realities and everyday life. 2. Old sketches and drawings that may indicate the conditions of life of societies in the past. Add a footer * ‹#› EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES 3. Old maps that may reveal how space and geography where used to emphasize trade routes, structural building, 4. Cartoons for political expression or propaganda. Add a footer * ‹#›  RIZAL and the llustrados Sketch on 1700 women’s fashion Cartoon illustration during Pres. Add a footer * ‹#› Marcos era. Old Map of the Philippines 5. Materials evidence of the prehistoric past like cave drawings, old syllabaries and ancient writings. 6. Statistical tables, charts and graphs. Add a footer * ‹#› 7. Oral history or recordings by electronics means of accounts and witnesses ; the recordings are then transcribed and used for recordings. 8. Published and unpublished primary documents. Eyewitness and other written sources. Add a footer * ‹#›  Prehistoric Cave Art Add a footer * ‹#› Recording of the First Man on Published work the Moon, 1969 Secondary Sources  The testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness – that is one who is not present at the event of which he tells. (Gottschalk, 1950) Add a footer * ‹#›