History Methods and Importance

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes the 'New Understanding' of history?

It focuses solely on chronological records of events.

It includes inquiry and the analysis of written and oral traditions. (correct)

It disregards artifacts and architecture.

It only relies on documented evidence.

What does historiography primarily study?

The methods used by historians to develop historical narratives. (correct)

The chronological order of historical events.

The authenticity of primary sources.

The significance of oral histories in historical records.

Which of the following is NOT one of the importance of history?

To create contemporary art. (correct)

To inspire people to continue good practices.

To understand the present.

To help avoid past mistakes.

What type of source is created at the same time as the event it relates to?

Primary source Signup and view all the answers

Who served as the President of the Magdalo faction?

Baldomero Aguinaldo Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes internal criticism?

It examines the factuality and truthfulness within the content of the source. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of external criticism?

Examining the physical characteristics and authenticity of a document. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for the Bonifacio brothers after their trial?

Their sentence was commuted to banishment. Signup and view all the answers

Which general was NOT mentioned as an Assistant Captain General?

Emilio Aguinaldo Signup and view all the answers

Which figure is known for writing parodies such as 'Aba Ginoong Barya'?

Marcelo H. Del Pilar Signup and view all the answers

Who persuaded Aguinaldo to go to Tejeros to take his oath as President?

General Crispulo Aguinaldo Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the authorship of 'Sa aking mga kabata'?

Rizal did not write 'Sa aking mga kabata'. Signup and view all the answers

What were the charges brought against the Bonifacio brothers?

Treason and Sedition Signup and view all the answers

What significant position did Emilio Aguinaldo hold at the age of 25?

Cabeza de Barangay Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of contextual analysis?

To evaluate the author's background and intent Signup and view all the answers

Which battle is considered Aguinaldo's first major victory?

Battle of Binakayan - Dalahikan Signup and view all the answers

Which faction did Emilio Aguinaldo belong to within the Katipunan?

Magdalo Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the political objectives of the Katipunan?

Separation of the Philippines from Spain Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary source of Aguinaldo’s memoir 'Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan' based on?

A diary and preserved documents Signup and view all the answers

What type of source is the 'Kartilya ng Katipunan' identified as?

A foundational guide for Katipunan members Signup and view all the answers

Who was the President of the Magdiwang Council during Aguinaldo's time?

Mariano Alvarez Signup and view all the answers

Who was Emilio Jacinto and what role did he serve in the Katipunan?

He was the author of 'Kalayaan' and a key leader. Signup and view all the answers

What significance does the 'Kartilya ng Katipunan' hold for Filipinos?

It embodies moral and nationalistic principles. Signup and view all the answers

What year range did Aguinaldo write his memoir in longhand?

1928 to 1946 Signup and view all the answers

What does the civic aim of the Katipunan emphasize?

Encouraging self-help and defending the poor Signup and view all the answers

In which battle did Filipino revolutionaries defeat Spanish troops under Aguinaldo's command?

Battle of Imus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaders was NOT part of the Magdiwang Council?

Andres Bonifacio Signup and view all the answers

Which historical figure established the Katipunan?

Andres Bonifacio Signup and view all the answers

What does the main idea of a source help to understand?

The general message the source aims to convey Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Two Ways of Learning History

Traditional Understanding: Chronological record of significant events
New Understanding: Knowledge acquired through inquiry and investigation, including oral traditions, artifacts, and memory

Historiography

The history of history
Study of the methods historians use to develop history
Critical examination of sources, selection of details, and authenticity

Importance of History

Unite a nation
Legitimize regimes and forge a sense of collective identity
Make sense of the present
Avoid repeating past mistakes
Inspire people to continue good practices

Two Types of Sources

Primary Source: Produced at the same time as the event, documents or artifacts created by a witness, first-hand testimony (diaries, interviews, articles)
Secondary Source: Produced by authors who used primary sources, analyze scholarly questions, often use primary sources (books, articles)

Internal and External Criticism

External Criticism: Verifies authenticity by examining physical characteristics (when, where, author, survival, materials, language consistency, authenticity)
Internal Criticism: Examines the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence, looks at content and circumstances of production (eyewitness or second-hand account, reason for writing, consistency, connotations, literal meaning, contextual meaning)

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Wrote parodies of "Ama Namin" (Our Father) and "Aba Ginoong Maria" (Hail Mary)

Rizal's "Sa aking mga kabata"

Not written by Rizal

Content Analysis

Systematic evaluation of a primary source to develop an argument based on understanding of evidence

Contextual Analysis

Considers the time, place, and situation when the primary source was written
Includes author's background, authority on the subject, intent, and relevance to people and society today

Background of the Event

Refers to what was happening at the time the source was written or created

Background of the Author

Basic information about the author: profession, age, location

Type of Source

Type of source helps determine why it was made (diary, news article, report, speech, painting)

Katipunan

Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang, Katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan (KKK)
A secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio on July 7, 1892
Aimed to liberate the Philippines from Spain
Established after the arrest of Dr. Jose Rizal

Emilio Jacinto

Known as the soul and brain of the Katipunan
Pen name: Dimas-ilaw
Born in Manila on December 15, 1875
Parents: Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon
Wrote the society's paper, "Kalayaan"
Led the fight for Filipino independence from Spain

Objectives of Katipunan

Political: Separation of the Philippines from Spain
Moral: Good manners, hygiene, good morals, attacking obscurantism, religious fanaticism, and weakness of character
Civic: Self-help, defense of the poor and oppressed

Kartilya ng Katipunan

14 paragraphs outlining values a Katipunero should have
Embodied moral and nationalistic principles for all Filipinos

MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN

Memoir of Emilio Aguinaldo written based on a diary, preserved documents, and family lore
Two volumes, covering Aguinaldo's birth, early life, and participation in the revolution
Accounts include the arrival of Supremo Bonifacio in San Francisco de Malabon
Discusses differences between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan
Written in Tagalog between 1928 and 1946, providing information about Filipino revolutionaries' battles with the Spaniards

Emilio Aguinaldo

Born on March 22, 1869, in Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit)
Attended San Juan de Letran College
Cabeza de Barangay (1895)
First Gobernadorcillo (Capitan Municipal) of Cavite el Viejo at the age of 25
Joined the Katipunan (March 7, 1895), affiliated with the "Magdalo" faction

Battles Won by Aguinaldo

Battle of Imus (August 1896)
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahikan (November 1896) - First major victory
Battle of Zapote Bridge (February 1897)
Spanish Cavite offensive and Battle of Perez Dasmariñas

"Chapter 28: My Bloodiest Fight"

Filipino revolutionaries defeated Spanish troops in Cavite under Aguinaldo's command
Liberation of the entire province of Cavite from the Spaniards

"Chapter 30: Magdiwang Council Reorganized"

Magdiwang Leaders:
- Mariano Alvarez - President
- Lorenzo Fenoy - Vice President for Batangas
- Pascual Alvarez - Minister of the Interior
- Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War
- Ananias Diokno - Vice Minister of War of Batangas
- Mariano Trias - Minister of Welfare and Justice
- Emiliano Riego de Dios - Minister of Economic Development
- Diego Mojica - Minister of Finance
- Santiago V. Alvarez - Captain
- General Artemio Ricarte-Assistant Captain General
- Miguel Malvar-Assistant Captain General for Batangas
- Mariano Riego de Dios - General, Cavite Division
- Paciano Rizal - General, Batangas Division
Magdalo Leaders:
- Baldomero Aguinaldo - President
- Edilberto Evangelista - Vice President
- Candido Tirona - Secretary of War
- Felix Cuenca - Secretary of Interior
- Glicerio Topacio - Secretary of Public Works
- Cayetano Topacio - Secretary of Finance
- Emilio Aguinaldo - Flag Officer

Andres Bonifacio's Intervention

Bonifacio went to Cavite in 1897 to mediate between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions

"Chapter 38: My Election to the Presidency"

Aguinaldo was elected President of the new revolutionary government on March 22, 1897, at Pasong Santol in Dasmariñas
Persuaded by his brother, General Crispulo Aguinaldo, to go to Tejeros to take his oath of office
Aguinaldo, Trias, and Riego de Dios took their oaths of office at 7:00 PM

Acta de Tejeros

The document recording the election on March 23, 1897

"Chapter 42: Military Court"

Charges against the Bonifacio brothers (Andres and Procopio):
- Treason (Pagtataksil)
- Sedition (Sedisyon)

"Chapter 44: Death of the Bonifacio Brothers" (May 10, 1897, Mt. Buntis, Maragondon Cavite)

Found guilty and sentenced to death
Aguinaldo commuted the sentence to banishment
Generals Pio del Pilar and Mariano Noriel persuaded Aguinaldo to impose the original sentence

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Description

Explore the two ways of learning history and the significance of historiography. This quiz covers the importance of history, the types of sources, and methods of critical analysis. Gain insights into how history shapes our identity and informs our present.