Reviewer na gawa ni K Overview of Mesoamerica PDF
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This document provides an overview of Mesoamerican civilizations, including the Aztecs, Maya, and Inca. It covers their history, geography, key figures, and contributions. The document also touches on the intellectual and scientific revolutions.
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**Reviewer na gawa ni K\ Overview of Mesoamerica** - **Civilizations**: Home to ancient civilizations like the Aztecs, Maya, and Inca. - **Geography**: Central and southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Peru. **The Aztecs** - **Location**: Central Mexico, Tenochtitlan...
**Reviewer na gawa ni K\ Overview of Mesoamerica** - **Civilizations**: Home to ancient civilizations like the Aztecs, Maya, and Inca. - **Geography**: Central and southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Peru. **The Aztecs** - **Location**: Central Mexico, Tenochtitlan (modern Mexico City). - **Key Dates**: Flourished in the 1400s; Hernán Cortés arrived in 1519, leading to their fall in 1521. - **Gods**: - **Huitzilopochtli**: God of war and the sun. - **Tlaloc**: God of rain. - **Society**: - **Tlatoani**: Ruler (e.g., Montezuma). - **Chinampas**: Agricultural innovation (floating gardens). - **Coca beans**: Used as currency. **The Maya** - **Timeframe**: Established around 2000 BC, lasting over 3000 years. - **Major Sites**: - El Mirador, Tikal, Uxmal, Caracol, Chichen Itza. - **Contributions**: - Pyramids, written language, mathematics, art, architecture, astronomy. - **Region**: Southern Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador. **The Inca** - **Location**: Peru, South America. - **Timeframe**: 1400s - 1532. - **Key Leaders**: - **Sapa Inca**: Title for the emperor (e.g., Manco Capac). - **Pachacuti**: Major expansion and governance. - **Society**: - Kingdom of Cuzco; population around 10 million. - Developed advanced agriculture and architecture (e.g., Machu Picchu). - **Downfall**: Conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1533, weakened by civil war and smallpox. **Cradles of Early Science** - **Intellectual Revolution**: Period of paradigm shifts, challenging existing scientific beliefs. - **Scientific Revolution**: Focused on systematic experimentation, leading to advancements in various fields (math, physics, etc.). **Key Intellectuals** 1. **Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)**: Proposed heliocentric theory. 2. **Charles Darwin (1809-1882)**: Introduced natural selection and evolution concepts. 3. **Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)**: Developed psychoanalysis, exploring the unconscious mind.
