Review Class - Biology 1 - University of Perpetual Help System Dalta PDF

WORK PLAN Discussion Checking Cell Opening Recitation Skill Activity Closing 5’s of...

WORK PLAN Discussion Checking Cell Opening Recitation Skill Activity Closing 5’s of Motivation Structures Prayer of PVM Building Time Prayer Attendance & Functions RECITATION of PVM, 8 Core Values, EOMS & QPS UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM DALTA - MOLINO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT 12155 BIO1 – GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 REVIEW CLASS Ms. Cristely H. Hallarsis, LPT SHS Science Faculty QUESTION AND ANSWER  1. Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. The number of daughter cells produced B. The type of cells involved C. The genetic variation in the daughter cells D. All of the above D. All of the above 2. If a cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromatids will it have during the metaphase stage of mitosis? A. 23 B. 46 C. 92 D. 184 C. 92 3. If a cell has 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would its daughter cells have after undergoing meiosis? A. 16 B. 32 C. 64 D. 128 A. 16  4. Chromatid vs. Chromosome: What is the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome? A. Chromatids are duplicated chromosomes, while chromosomes are single-stranded. B. Chromosomes are duplicated chromatids, while chromatids are single-stranded. C. Chromatids are always paired, while chromosomes can be single or paired. D. There is no difference between chromatids and chromosomes. A. Chromatids are duplicated chromosomes, while chromosomes are single-stranded. 5. Cytokinesis in Plant Cells: How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells compared to animal cells? A. Plant cells use a cleavage furrow, while animal cells use a cell plate. B. Plant cells use a cell plate, while animal cells use a cleavage furrow. C. Both plant and animal cells use a cleavage furrow. D. Both plant and animal cells use a cell plate. B. Plant cells use a cell plate, while animal cells use a cleavage furrow.  6. Crossing Over: Explain the process of crossing over and its significance in meiosis. A. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I B. The replication of DNA during S phase C. The separation of sister chromatids during anaphase II D. The formation of the spindle fibers during prophase A. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I 7. How does meiosis differ from mitosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced and their genetic makeup? A. Meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells, while mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells. B. Meiosis produces 2 haploid daughter cells, while mitosis produces 4 diploid daughter cells. C. Both produce the same number of daughter cells, but meiosis produces genetically identical cells, while mitosis produces genetically different cells. D. Both produce the same number of daughter cells, but meiosis produces genetically different cells, while mitosis produces genetically identical cells. A. Meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells, while mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells. 8. Odd one out: A. Interphase B. Mitosis C. Meiosis D. cytokinesis A. Interphase 9. Odd one out: A. Sister chromatids B. homologous chromosomes C. Centromere D. spindle fibers D. spindle fibers 10. Why is the G2 phase important in the cell cycle? A. It ensures DNA is replicated correctly. B. It allows cells to grow and prepare for mitosis. C. It repairs damage to the nuclear membrane. D. It triggers the division of centromeres. 11. Which statement best explains why cells undergo mitosis? A. To generate genetic diversity B. To produce gametes C. To allow for growth and tissue repair D. To restore the nuclear membrane 12. A cell with damaged DNA completes mitosis and forms a new daughter cell. Which checkpoint likely failed? A. G1 B. G2 C. M D. S 13. Which feature is found only in meiosis and not in mitosis? Cytokinesis B. Chromosome replication C. Crossing over D. DNA repair 14. A scientist observes that after meiosis, some cells contain an incorrect number of chromosomes (aneuploidy). Which phase of meiosis is most likely responsible for this error? A. Prophase I B. Metaphase I C. Anaphase I D. Telophase 15. In a cell undergoing meiosis, crossing over fails to occur during prophase I. What would be the primary consequence of this error? A. The resulting gametes will be genetically identical to each other. B. The homologous chromosomes will fail to separate during meiosis I. C. There will be a reduction in genetic diversity among the resulting gametes. D. The resulting cells will have twice the normal number of chromosomes. 16.A researcher observes a cell that completes mitosis but fails to undergo cytokinesis. What will be the result for this cell? A. The cell will undergo apoptosis. B. The cell will be multinucleated, containing two nuclei. C. The cell will fail to replicate its DNA in the next cell cycle. D. The chromosomes will not be properly separated during the next mitotic event. 17. A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell? A. It will swell and burst. B. It will shrink as water leaves the cell. C. It will remain the same size. D. It will swell and then return to normal 18. What will happen to a plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution? A. It will shrink. B. It will remain the same. C. It will become turgid as water enters. D. It will burst. 19. You are observing two different solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of solutes compared to Solution B. In which direction will water move? A. From Solution A to Solution B B. From Solution B to Solution A C. Water will move randomly in both directions D. No movement of water will occur 20.A patient suffers from dehydration, and their blood becomes hypertonic compared to their cells. Which of the following best explains the physiological response of their cells? A. Cells will swell as water enters from the bloodstream. B. Cells will shrink as water leaves the cells into the bloodstream. C. Cells will neither shrink nor swell because no net water movement occurs. D. Cells will remain unchanged, as solutes move instead of water. 1. What might happen to a multicellular organism if the G1 phase of the cell cycle is shortened drastically? A) Cells would grow too large before dividing B) Cells would divide without sufficient growth, leading to smaller cells C) Cells would skip the division process entirely D) Cells would replicate their DNA multiple times without dividing 2. How does mitosis differ from meiosis in terms of genetic content and chromosome number of the resulting cells? A) Mitosis results in genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis results in genetically diverse haploid cells B) Mitosis reduces chromosome number, while meiosis increases it C) Mitosis results in four genetically different cells, while meiosis results in two identical cells D) Both processes result in haploid cells, but only meiosis generates diversity 3. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, what is the likely outcome for the gametes produced? A) All gametes will have the correct number of chromosomes B) Half of the gametes will be normal, while the other half will have extra chromosomes C) All gametes will have an abnormal number of chromosomes D) Only one gamete will be affected, and the others will remain normal 4. If a diploid organism, such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after meiosis II? A) 6 chromosomes, as each daughter cell is haploid B) 12 chromosomes, as each daughter cell is diploid C) 24 chromosomes, because meiosis II replicates DNA again D) 3 chromosomes, as each chromosome is divided into smaller subunits 5.What would be the likely outcome if homologous chromosomes failed to align properly during metaphase I of meiosis? A) Anaphase I would proceed normally, but the daughter cells would be genetically identical B) The daughter cells would have an unequal distribution of chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy C) Meiosis II would correct the error and produce genetically normal gametes D) The organism would develop normally but be sterile 6. If an error occurs during crossing-over in prophase I, leading to unequal exchange of genetic material, how could this affect gamete formation and potentially lead to genetic disorders? A) The resulting gametes may have duplications or deletions of chromosome segments, which could cause genetic disorders like Down syndrome or Cri-du-chat syndrome. B) Crossing-over errors generally lead to sterility, as defective gametes cannot undergo fertilization. C) The error will be corrected during meiosis II, ensuring no impact on gametes. D) These errors only affect non-homologous chromosomes and do not cause genetic disorders. 7. Which substage of prophase I is most crucial for genetic recombination, and what happens if it's disrupted? A) Leptotene – Chromosomes fail to condense, causing misalignment. B) Zygotene – Homologous chromosomes don't pair, leading to random segregation. C) Pachytene – No crossing over, producing identical gametes. D) Diplotene – Chiasmata fail, causing improper chromosome separation. 8. What is the role of synapsis in genetic diversity, and what would happen without it? A) Synapsis aligns homologous chromosomes for crossing over; without it, no new allele combinations form. B) Synapsis stabilizes homologous chromosomes; without it, gametes will have chromosomal abnormalities. C) Crossing over wouldn't occur without chiasmata, leading to less genetic diversity. D) Chiasmata prevent mutations during crossing over, ensuring genetic stability. 9. If a diploid organism, the red kangaroo, has 16 chromosomes, how many chromosomes and chromatids are present in a cell during the S phase of the cell cycle? A) 16 chromosomes and 32 chromatids, as each chromosome has been replicated but not yet separated B) 8 chromosomes and 16 chromatids, as replication reduces the chromosome number C) 32 chromosomes and 32 chromatids, because DNA replicates twice in the S phase D) 16 chromosomes and 16 chromatids, because the chromatids are yet to be produced 10. If a diploid organism, the garden pea (Pisum sativum), has 14 chromosomes, how many chromosomes and chromatids will each cell have during anaphase II of meiosis? A) 7 chromosomes and 14 chromatids, as the chromatids have separated but not yet divided into cells B) 14 chromosomes and 14 chromatids, as sister chromatids have separated into individual chromosomes C) 7 chromosomes and 7 chromatids, as chromosomes remain joined until cytokinesis D) 14 chromosomes and 28 chromatids, because the chromatids are still paired during anaphase CELL TRANSPORT 1. A person suffers from dehydration after intense exercise. Which type of cell transport would be most effective in rehydrating the cells? A. Exocytosis B. Active transport C. Osmosis D. Facilitated diffusion 2. A patient is given an IV solution that is hypertonic to their blood cells. What is the likely effect on the patient’s red blood cells? A. The cells will swell and burst. B. The cells will shrivel and shrink. C. The cells will remain the same size. D. The cells will actively transport water inside. 3. Cystic fibrosis is a condition where chloride ions fail to move out of cells due to a defective protein channel. Which of the following best describes the type of transport that is disrupted? A. Osmosis B. Active transport C. Facilitated diffusion D. Endocytosis 4. A cell placed in a solution swells until it bursts. What can be inferred about the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell’s cytoplasm? A. The solution is hypertonic. B. The solution is isotonic. C. The solution is hypotonic. D. The solution is hyperosmotic. 5. A cell needs to transport glucose quickly into the cytoplasm even when the concentration outside is low. Which of the following transport mechanisms would be most effective in this scenario? A. Simple diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion through a carrier protein C. Active transport using a pump D. Osmosis 6. If a freshwater plant is placed in a saltwater solution, what is the most likely outcome for its cells? A. They will swell and burst due to high water intake. B. They will become turgid and firm due to increased turgor pressure. C. They will undergo plasmolysis and the membrane will pull away from the cell wall. D. They will remain unaffected as the cell wall prevents any changes. 7. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of active transport to move materials from the intracellular space to the extracellular space? A. A cell expelling sodium ions against their concentration gradient using the sodium- potassium pump. B. A cell absorbing water through osmosis to maintain its volume. C. Oxygen diffusing from the cell into the surrounding capillaries. D. A white blood cell engulfing a pathogen through phagocytosis. 8. A cell is specifically taking in small, dissolved molecules from the extracellular space, such as nutrients and ions. Which type of endocytosis is most likely occurring? A. Phagocytosis B. Pinocytosis C. Receptor-mediated endocytosis D. Exocytosis 9. After digesting bacteria, a macrophage releases the waste materials into the extracellular space. Which of the following best describes this process? A. Phagocytosis B. Pinocytosis C. Exocytosis D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis 10. In an average human body, approximately 25 liters of fluid are found within cells, and around 15 liters are found outside the cells. Which of the following scenarios best describes a condition that could alter this balance between intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes? A. A person drinks a large amount of water, increasing the extracellular fluid volume. B. A person sweats heavily, leading to water loss primarily from the extracellular space. C. A person takes in an excess of salty foods, drawing water out of cells into the extracellular space. D. A person consumes a diuretic, which decreases intracellular fluid volume 11.Which type of plant cell is primarily responsible for photosynthesis? A. Parenchyma C. Sclerenchyma B. Collenchyma D. Xylem 12. If a plant's leaves are wilting due to a lack of water, which type of cell is likely not functioning properly? A. Phloem C. Parenchyma B. Sclerenchyma D. Xylem 13.What might be the consequence of a genetic mutation that results in the absence of root hairs in a plant? A. The plant would become more resistant to drought. B. The plant would have a decreased ability to absorb water and nutrients, leading to stunted growth. C. The plant would increase its rate of photosynthesis. D. The plant would show enhanced structural support in its roots. 14. A plant is observed to be wilting and showing signs of nutrient deficiency. Which cell modification might be underdeveloped, leading to these symptoms? A. Guard cells C. Root hairs B. Mesophyll cells D. Xylem cells CELLSpiring Quote of the Day "It always seems impossible until it’s done." — Nelson Mandela This powerful quote reminds us that every significant challenge can feel overwhelming at first. As students, you may encounter tough subjects, complex projects, or personal goals that seem unattainable. Remember that progress begins with the first step. Don't let doubt hold you back! Embrace challenges as opportunities to learn and grow. When you put in the effort and determination, what once seemed impossible can become a reality. -Anonymous GOD BLESS! I hope you learn something new today! ☺