Respiratory-System-Upper-lower-respiratory-tract.ppt

Republic of the Philippines National Capital Region Department of Education SCHOOLS DIIVISION OFFICE – MARIKINA CITY STA. ELENA HIGH SCHOOL Parts and Functions of the Respiratory System  Republic of the Philippines...

Republic of the Philippines National Capital Region Department of Education SCHOOLS DIIVISION OFFICE – MARIKINA CITY STA. ELENA HIGH SCHOOL Parts and Functions of the Respiratory System  Republic of the Philippines National Capital Region Department of Education SCHOOLS DIIVISION OFFICE – MARIKINA CITY STA. ELENA HIGH SCHOOL DISCLAIMER The author does not claim ownership of the documents, images, audio, music, video, and other materials used in this lesson. They remain the property of the original creators who are mentioned in the acknowledgement section of this lesson. The said materials are used for educational purposes only. Thank you very much!  Home Overview Click on each tab Objectives to learn more about the KWL Chart Activity Sheet Respiratory Lesson Proper System Wrap up Quiz Evaluation References Overview This presentation provides materials on aspects of one of the major systems of the human body--the respiratory system. Its purpose is to introduce the structures and functions of the human respiratory system--and the interrelationships of the two--and to familiarize you with some of the terms and concepts necessary for an understanding of the respiratory system.  Objectives 1. Identify the key parts of the breathing system S9LT-Ia-b- 26.1.1 2. Describe the function of each part of the breathing system S9LT-Ia-b-26.1.2 3. Realize the importance of each part of the respiratory system  Review Let's Recall what you have learned! Fill in the following chart. K W H L What do I know What do I want How can I find What did I about the to find out out what I want learn? respiratory about the to learn? sytem? respiratory system?  Activity Sheet Let’s try this ! Follow the link below to direct you to the online copy of the activity sheet. https://forms.gle/tQ359Afw8CXaZ1dB7  Lesson Proper Let’s study! Respiratory System THE HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM What is respiratory system? The respiratory system is the group of tissues and organs in your body that enable you to breathe. What is the primary function of respiratory system? The respiratory system's primary function is to supply oxygen to all the parts of your body. It accomplishes this through breathing: inhaling oxygen- rich air and exhaling air filled with carbon dioxide, which is a waste gas. Respiratory Organs The organs of the respiratory system form a continuous system of passages, called the respiratory tract, through which air flows into and out of the body. The respiratory tract has two major divisions: - the upper respiratory tract and - the lower respiratory tract. The organs in each division are shown in the figures in the next slides. Major Divisions of Respiratory Tract Upper Respiratory Tract 1. Nose a. Nostrils b. Nasal cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Larynx Nose The nose is the primary upper respiratory organ in which air enters into and exits from the body. Cilia and mucus line the nasal cavity and traps bacteria and foreign particles that enter in through the nose. In addition, air that passes through the nasal cavity is humidified and moistened. Nose The nasal septum divides the nose into two narrow nasal cavities: one area is responsible for smell and the other area is responsible for respiration. Within the walls of the nasal cavity there are frontal, nasal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid bones. Cartilage helps form the shape of the nose. Pharynx The pharynx is a tube-like structure that connects the nasal cavity and the back of the mouth to other structures lower in the throat including the larynx. The pharynx has dual functions: both air and food (or other swallowed substances) pass through it, so it is part of both the respiratory and the digestive systems. Air passes from the nasal cavity through the pharynx to the larynx (as well as in the opposite direction). Food passes from the mouth through the pharynx to the esophagus. Pharynx The pharynx contains three parts: The nasopharynx, which connects the upper part of the throat with the nasal cavity; the oropharynx, positioned between the top of the epiglottis and the soft palate; and the laryngopharynx, located below the epiglottis Larynx The larynx connects the pharynx and trachea and helps to conduct air through the respiratory tract. The larynx is also called the voice box because it contains the vocal cords, which vibrate when air flows over them, thereby producing sound. Certain muscles in the larynx move the vocal cords apart to allow breathing. Other muscles in the larynx move the vocal cords together to allow the production of vocal sounds. The latter muscles also control the pitch of sounds and help control their volume. Larynx The larynx is made up of the hyoid bone and cartilage, which helps regulate the flow of air. The epiglottis is a flap-like cartilage structure contained in the larynx that protects the trachea against food aspiration.  Function of the Upper Respiratory Tract Upper respiratory tract organs provide a route for air to move between the outside atmosphere and the lungs. They also clean, humidify, and warm the incoming air. However, no gas exchange occurs in these organs. Lower Respiratory Tract 1. Trachea 2. Bronchi 3. Bronchioles 4. Lungs 5. Alveoli Trachea The trachea, or windpipe, is the widest passageway in the respiratory tract. It is formed by rings of cartilage, which make it relatively strong and resilient. The trachea connects the larynx to the lungs for the passage of air through the respiratory tract. The trachea branches at the bottom to form two bronchial tubes. Bronchi The bronchi allow the passage of air to the lungs. The right main bronchus is shorter and wider than the left main bronchus. The right bronchus is subdivided into three lobar bronchi, while the left one is divided into two lobar bronchi. Bronchi Each bronchus branches into smaller, secondary bronchi; and secondary bronchi branch into still smaller tertiary bronchi. The smallest bronchi branch into very small tubules called BRONCHIOLES. The tiniest bronchioles end in alveolar ducts, which terminate in clusters of minuscule air sacs, called alveoli (singular, alveolus), in the lungs. Lungs The lungs are spongy, air-filled organs located on both sides of the chest cavity. The left lung is divided into a superior and inferior lobe, and the right lung is subdivided into a superior, middle, and inferior lobe. Pleura, a thin layer of tissue, line the lungs to allow the lungs to expand and contract with ease.  Alveoli The average adult has about 600 million alveoli, which are tiny grape-like sacs at the end of the respiratory tree. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases occurs at the alveolar level. Although effort is required to inflate the alveoli (similar to blowing up a balloon), minimal effort is needed to deflate the alveoli (similar to the deflating of a balloon).  Function of the Lower Respiratory Tract The trachea and other passages of the lower respiratory tract conduct air between the upper respiratory tract and the lungs. These passages form an inverted tree-like shape with repeated branching as they move deeper into the lungs. All told, there are an astonishing 1,500 miles of airways conducting air through the human respiratory tract! It is only in the lungs, however, that gas exchange occurs between the air and the bloodstream.  Function of the Lower Respiratory Tract In addition to these organs, certain muscles of the thorax (the body cavity that fills the chest) are also involved in respiration by enabling breathing. Most important is a large muscle called the diaphragm, which lies below the lungs and separates the thorax from the abdomen. Smaller muscles between the ribs also play a role in breathing. You can learn more about breathing muscles in the concept of Breathing. Diaphragm The diaphragm is a muscular structure located between the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm causes the chest or thorax cavity to expand, which occurs during inhalation. During exhalation, the release of the diaphragm causes the chest or thorax cavity to contract. Wrap up Let’s summarize! Follow the link below to direct you a YouTube video that will give you a summary of the respiratory system. https://youtu.be/zRv5tNCMpyY or https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kRSDTqDf_YQRh9 9F01Dll12voJZ1ClFY/view?usp=sharing Quiz Let’s find out what you have learned! Follow the link below to direct you the online version of the quiz. https://forms.gle/Z7NmW8QemSWrdYS5A  References Major Divisions of the Respiratory Tract https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Structure and Function of the Respiratory System https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Gre wal)/16%3A_Respiratory_System/16.2%3A_Structure_and_Function_of_the_Respiratory_System https://www.tesd.net/cms/lib/PA01001259/Centricity/Domain/595/Respiratory%20System%20Packet %2014.pdf https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Gre wal)/16%3A_Respiratory_System/16.2%3A_Structure_and_Function_of_the_Respiratory_System Parts and Functions of the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract https://www.tybrdo.cz/sites/default/files/foto/2017/05/pracovni_list_dychaci_soustava.pdf https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Book %3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_ofAnimals_(Lawson)/09%3A_Respiratory_System/ 9.11%3A_Respiration_Worksheet_Answers https://www.tybrdo.cz/sites/default/files/foto/2017/05/pracovni_list_dychaci_soustava.pdf https://www.graftonps.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx? moduleinstanceid=7344&dataid=9435&FileName=Respiratory%20System%20Worksheet.pdf https://www.srsd119.ca/wp- content/uploads/2016/05/SCI_BIO_RL_GR11_Lesson3RespiratorySystem.pdf Evaluation Kindly evaluate the activity and quiz parts of this lesson. The following links will direct to the online forms. Evaluation of activity link: https://forms.gle/ZikMX6xa32nso4RA9 Evaluation of quiz link: https://forms.gle/c9Kzy4QcS29Uwnmw5 Thank Yo u !!!