Anatomy Practical, Respiratory and Digestive Systems PDF

components of respiratory and digestive systems By Dr\ Aml Esmaeil Mohamed components of respiratory system  The respiratory system is divided into two areas: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract is made up of the:...

components of respiratory and digestive systems By Dr\ Aml Esmaeil Mohamed components of respiratory system  The respiratory system is divided into two areas: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract is made up of the: Nose, Nasal cavity Sinuses pharynx Larynx (Voice box ) trachea  The lower respiratory tract is made up of the: Lungs Large airways (bronchi) Small airways (bronchioles) Air sacs (alveoli)  Paranasal sinuses They are air-filled spaces which are named according to their associated bones; maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses.  Pharynx The pharynx is a funnel-shaped muscular tube that contains three parts; the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.  Larynx Structure It is a complex hollow structure formed of a cartilaginous skeleton connected by membranes, ligaments and associated muscles.  Trachea Structure 16 to 20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings stacked one on top of another. connected to each other by a narrow thin membrane.  Lungs The lungs are a pair of spongy organs located within the thoracic cavity. The Right lung has is divided into 3 lobes by 2 fissures. The left lung is divided into 2 lobes by 1 fissure only. Apex Base  Bronchial tree The trachea bifurcates into the left and right main bronchi, one for each lung. Each main bronchus enters the hilum of the corresponding lung. Main bronchus 2ry bronchi Segmental bronchi Bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Alveoli Components of digestive system  Alimentary Tract of the Digestive System Mouth Pharynx & Esophagus Stomach Small and Large Intestine Accessory Organs of the Digestive System Salivary Glands Liver Gallbladder Pancreas  Mouth The mouth, or oral cavity, is the first part of the digestive tract.  Esophagus Definition The esophagus is a muscular tube that serves as a passageway between the pharynx and stomach.  Stomach The stomach receives food from the esophagus.  Small Intestine The small intestine is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.  large Intestine The large intestine consists of the colon, rectum, and anal canal.  Rectum and Anal canal The rectum continues from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal and has a thick muscular layer. The last 2 to 3 cm of the digestive tract is the anal canal, which continues from the rectum and opens to the outside at the anus.  The salivary glands Three pairs of major salivary glands parotid Submandibular sublingual ▪ and numerous smaller ones secrete saliva into the oral cavity.  The Liver Site The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right part of the abdomen.  The gallbladder Site The gallbladder is a small, hollow, pouch-like organ that lies just under the right side of the liver.  The pancreas The Pancreas is a glandular organ that is part of both the digestive system and the endocrine system.