Research Problem: Nurse-Patient Communication & Patient Satisfaction PDF

Research problem  1- Introduction 2- definition of research problem 3- importance of research problem 4- Types of research problem 5- characteristics of research problem Outlines 6- sources of research problem 7- considerations in s...

Research problem  1- Introduction 2- definition of research problem 3- importance of research problem 4- Types of research problem 5- characteristics of research problem Outlines 6- sources of research problem 7- considerations in selecting a research problem 8- steps of formulating research problem 9- Formulating research objectives 10- Differentiate between research objectives, aim, topic, problem, question. oResearch topic: is a specific subject or area of interest that guides a study or investigation. It defines the focus of research questions, objectives, and methodology oResearch Problem: A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated or filling the gap in literature. oResearch Question: A research question provides an area to focus on regarding a research problem. It is a specific, simple and meaningful question that you are interested to find its answer. Research Aims: Research aims are broad statements that describe the overall purpose of your study. They provide a general direction for your study and indicate the intended achievements of your research. Aims are usually written in a general and abstract manner describing the ultimate goal of the research. Research Objectives: Research objectives are specific, measurable, and achievable goals that you aim to accomplish within a specified timeframe. They break down the research aims into smaller, more manageable components and provide a clear picture of what you want to achieve and how you plan to achieve it.  Research Topic: The Nurse-Patient Communication Factors affecting Patient Satisfaction Research Problem:. Impact of Nurse-Patient Communication on Patient Satisfaction in Hospital Settings Research Question: How does the quality of nurse-patient communication influence patient satisfaction levels in acute care settings? Research Aim: To explore the relationship between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction in hospital environments. Research Objectives: 1. To assess the current state of nurse-patient communication practices in selected hospitals. 2. To evaluate patient satisfaction levels using standardized questionnaires. 3. To identify specific communication strategies that correlate with higher patient satisfaction. 4. To recommend evidence-based practices for improving nurse-patient communication in clinical settings.  Introduction Identification and formulation of a research problem is the first step of the research process. Selection of a research problem depends on several factors, such as researcher's knowledge, skills, interest, motivation, and creativity with respect to the subject of inquiry.  What is research problem? ➤A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in knowledge that we will aim to address in our research. Importance of research problems 1-Identifying knowledge gaps: It helps in identifying areas where knowledge is lacking or incomplete, highlighting the need for further investigation and addressing unanswered questions. 2- Providing direction: a well-defined research problem gives the research project focus and direction. It aids in the development of an effective research design, technique and the establishment of research objectives and questions. 3- Justifying the study’s significance: a clear research problem helps researchers justify the value and importance of their study by emphasizing its relevance, potential benefits, and contributions to the field. Importance cont. 4- Advancing theory and knowledge: it serves as a basis for developing new concepts, hypotheses, or models. 5- Promoting intellectual curiosity and innovation: it encourage intellectual curiosity and innovation by pushing researchers to explore fresh perspectives and methodologies. By encouraging critical thinking, generating original ideas, and developing unique research approaches 6- Facilitating problem-solving and decision-making: Research problems often stem from real-world challenges or problems. By examining these problems, researchers can develop innovative ideas, methods, or strategies to solve practical issues or guide decision-making.  Types of research problems Research problems can be categorized into different types based on their nature and scope. The three most common types are: 1-Theoretical It involves using theoretical frameworks, concepts, and models to investigate a subject or event. Theoretical research aims to extend existing knowledge, address unsolved gaps and evaluate preexisting theories. 2-Applied It focuses on specific problems or challenges within a particular industry or sector and aims to provide practical solutions through systematic research. Applied research aims to bridge the gap between theory and practical application, optimizing existing processes, technologies, products, or services.  Types cont. 3-Action Action research combines research and action to address real-world issues. It encompasses problem-solving in various contexts, such as organizations, education, community development, policy implementation, and personal or professional development. Action research is flexible and can be tailored to different situations and issues.  characteristics of research problem oReflecting on important issues or needs; oBasing on factual evidence (it’s non-hypothetical); oBeing manageable and relevant; oSuggesting a testable and meaningful hypothesis (avoiding useless answers). other Characteristics Ethical consideration : Significance Clarity and Interest Novelty motivation Measurability Feasibility Relevance and applicability  Sources of Research Problem oPersonal experiences: (Day-to-day personal experience) is good source of ideas to formulate a research problem. o Practical experience: Nurses get plenty of ideas to formulate research problems from their clinical experiences. Every curious nurse has several questions to be answered that are encountered during clinical experience. o Critical appraisal of literature: When we critically study books and articles relating to the subject of our interest, including research reports, opinion articles, and summaries of clinical issues, pertinent questions may arise in our mind. These may strike reader's mind indirectly by stimulating imagination and directly by stating what additional research is needed.  Sources cont. oPrevious research: A body of knowledge should be developed on a sound foundation of re- search findings. o Existing theories: Research is a process of theory development and theory testing. oSocial issues: Topics are sometimes suggested by global social or political issues of relevance to the health care community. oIdeas from external sources: For example, ideas for studies may emerge by reviewing a funding agency’s research priorities or from brain storming with other nurses.  Considerations in selecting a research problem Interest: you must select a topic that interests you most. Magnitude: you should have sufficient knowledge about the research process to be able to visualize the work involved in completing the proposed topic. Measurement of concepts: if you are using a concept in your study make sure you are clear about its indicators and their measurements. Level of expertise: make sure you have an adequate level of expertise for the task you are proposing.  Considerations cont. Availability of data: if your topic requires collection of information from secondary sources (office records, client records, census or other already-published reports, etc.) before finalizing your topic, make sure that these data are available and in the format you want. Ethical issues: in a situation where your topic deals with sensitive issues, it is important to determine how ethical issues can affect the study population, and how ethical problems can be over-come should be thoroughly examined at the problem-formulation stage. Relevance: select a topic that is of relevance to you as a professional. Ensure that your study adds to the existing body of knowledge, bridges current gaps or is useful in policy formulation.  steps of formulating research problem Formulation of research problem is a complex and long process, which includes following steps: 1. Selection of a research area: Formulation of a research problem begins with selection of a broad research topic from personal experience, literature, previous research, and theories in which researcher is interested 2. Conduct a literature review: Review existing literature and research in your chosen field to understand the current knowledge level and identify gaps or unsolved issues and areas requiring further research. Read relevant books, and articles to gain a comprehensive understanding.  Steps cont. 3. Delimiting the research topic: In this step, researcher proceeds from a general research area of interest to more specific topic of research to conduct a study. Based on the literature review, select a specific component or subject within your chosen research field, refine your research topic and focus it on a single problem or phenomenon. 4. Evaluating the research problem: Once researcher is clear about the problem, next the research problem must be carefully evaluated for its significance and feasibility. Feasibility of the research problem should be evaluated for time, cost, availability of subjects and resources, administrative and peer support, ethical considerations, and researcher's competence and interest.  Steps cont. 5. Formulating the final statement of the research problem: After establishing the significance,, and feasibility, the researcher finally formulates a final statement of the research problem  Research Objectives Objectives are the goals you set out to attain in your study. Since these objectives inform a reader of what you want to do, it is important to state them clearly and specifically. objectives should be listed under two headings: 1. Main Objectives 2.Sub-objectives Main objective: is an overall statement of the thrust of your study. It is also a statement of main associations and relationships that you seek to discover or establish. Sub-objectives: are the specific aspects of the topic that you want to investigate within the main framework of your study. Characteristics of Objectives ▪ Clear ▪ Complete ▪ Specific ▪ Identify the main variables to be correlated ▪ Identify the direction of relationship Thank you