Business Research PDF

Introduction to Business Research Types of Qualitative Business Research a.​ Focus groups: This type of What is Research? business research involves selecting...

Introduction to Business Research Types of Qualitative Business Research a.​ Focus groups: This type of What is Research? business research involves selecting a specific group of people and Research is an organized, systematic, assessing their behavior and data-based, objective, scientific inquiry into feedback regarding certain products a specific problem or issue that needs a or services. solution or answer. b.​ Interviews: This kind of research Business research is the process through generally involves a smaller number which a business improves its of subjects than focus groups. organizational performance by gathering and analyzing relevant data regarding its c.​ Case study research: This type of operations. business research aims to assess customer satisfaction by discovering Business research methods and types: the main challenges that customers face when buying or using a specific 1.) Qualitative Research Methods product or service. -​ Focus Groups -​ Ethnographic Research d.​ Ethnographic research: This -​ Case Study involves the researcher attempting -​ Interviews to understand the target audience's -​ Website visitor research culture and behavior toward the company's products and services by 2.) Quantitative Research Methods adapting to their environment. -​ Survey research -​ Correlational research e.​ Website visitor profiling: This type -​ Causal-comparative research of business research is relatively -​ Experimental research new and involves using surveys to -​ Literature research collect data from people visiting the company's website. It can help a Types of Research business understand their target audience's interaction with their 1. Qualitative research website and assess their online -​ involves getting relevant data presence. through open-ended communication. Businesses generally use this 2. Quantitative business research methods method to discover the exact -​ are those that rely on large amounts motivations behind the public's of data and use various statistical actions, with the purpose of and mathematical techniques to increasing interest in the goods and draw relevant conclusions from it. services they sell. Types of Quantitative Business Research the data. It is mostly used in sales a.​ Surveys: This type of business about Consumer behaviors. research involves asking a specific set of questions to a large number of Advantages of Business Research potential and existing customers. ​ It helps identify research problems, Companies conduct surveys both and using this information, wise online and offline and use the decisions can be made to tackle the resulting data to improve their issue appropriately. decision-making processes. ​ Business research can enable a b.​ Causal-comparative: This kind of company to stay up-to-date with the research involves comparing two market and its trends, and situations to analyze how distinct appropriate innovations can be variables can influence their made to stay ahead in the game. outcome. It usually requires an independent variable and a ​ Business research measure dependent variable, with the reputation management. helps to research aiming to assess how the former influences the latter. ​ It helps to understand customers better and hence can be useful to c.​ Correlational: This type of business communicate better with the research uses mathematical customers or stakeholders. analysis techniques to analyze how two separate entities influence each Disadvantages of Business Research other. Companies generally use it to ​ Most of the time, business research understand how some of their is based on assumptions actions influence their business outcome. ​ Business research can be time-consuming d.​ Experimental: This involves conducting experimental research ​ Business research can sometimes with the purpose of proving or give you inaccurate information disproving a certain theory. because of a biased population or a Companies use it to assess various small focus group. hypotheses regarding ways to improve their profits by carrying out Steps in Scientific Method of Research experiments and observing their 1.​ Identify the problem results. 2.​ Form a hypothesis 3.​ Search for literatures e.​ Literature research is a very 4.​ Design the study effective and economical research 5.​ Develop research instruments method to use. It is about using 6.​ Collect data offline and online existing literature 7.​ Analyze and interpret data and going through them to analyze  8.​ Summarize findings and draw Introduction conclusions -​ The Introduction of the study briefly 9.​ Offer recommendations discusses its background and the purpose of conducting it. Research Variables -​ This part gives the readers the A variable is an attribute, qualities and direction or path of the study. characteristics of a person or an object, that is, takes on different values which can be -​ It is considered as vital part of the measured quantitativelv or qualitativelv. study since it needs to stimulate the interests of the readers Types of Variables Contents of an Introduction Independent Variable: variables which -​ context of the study and its historical are manipulated and controlled by the background (rationale of the study) researchers. -​ authoritative viewpoints on the IV also called explanatory variables (they problem explain an event or outcome) or predictor variables (they can be used to predict the -​ Legal basis (if any), mandated value of a dependent variable) (RA's) Dependent Variable: variables which are -​ Interest of the researchers in affected by changes in the independent conducting and facilitating the study variables. -​ purpose of the study in relation to In statistics, dependent variable also the problem shall be given an called: response variables (they respond emphasis to a change in another variable) or outcome variables (they represent the Statement of the Problem outcome you want to measure) -​ This is an expression of a predicament or disturbing situation Title of the Study that needs inquiry or investigation. -​ The title gives an idea of what research is all about. Research title -​ It identifies the nature of the if possible shall be consisting of not problems which are being addressed more than 15 words. It should be in the study. concise and clearly stated. The research title consists of different -​ The statements of the problem shall variables showing its relationship to be broad enough to include central one another. concerns but narrow enough in scope to serve the purpose of the inquiry better. -​ Limit the use of WHAT questions Hypothesis -​ It is a statement about an educated Human Resource Management guess on the effect of particular 1.​ Expectancy Theory by Vroom variable to other variables. 2.​ Hierarchy of Needs by Maslow 3.​ System Theory by Parsons -​ The hypothesis can be stated in 4.​ Two-Factory Theory of Motivation by negative form (null hypothesis) or in Herzberg positive form (alternative hypothesis). Marketing 1.​ Diffusion of Innovation model by Functions of a hypothesis Rogers -​ A hypothesis helps the researchers 2.​ Model of Buying Behavior by Kotler to analyze and interpret findings of 3.​ Product Life Cycle by Vernon the study and draw conclusions. In 4.​ 4P's in Marketing by McCarthy some cases, a hypothesis is not 5.​ Wheel of Retailing theory by McNair confirmed by evidence collected, thus, this failure forces the Finance researchers to analyze the theory 1.​ Capital Asset Pricing Model by and explore alternative explanations Sharpe for the findings. 2.​ Liquidity Preference Theory by Keynes -​ A hypothesis tends to induce critical 3.​ Modern Portfolio Theory by thinking to facilitate interpretation of Markowitz data. 4.​ Dividend Decision-Walter model by Walter Theoretical Framework 5.​ Model of Cash management by -​ Introduces and describes the theory Baumol that explains why the research problem under study exists. Entrepreneurship 1.​ Locus of control by Rotter -​ Used for studies based on existing 2.​ Social Entrepreneurship by theories Leadbeater 3.​ Psychodynamic model by Freud Management 4.​ Need for Achievement Theory by 1.​ Industry- Five Forces Model by Murray Michael Porter 2.​ SERVQUAL Theory by A. Conceptual Framework Parasuraman -​ Used to illustrate what you expect to 3.​ Situational Theory by Blanchard find through your research, including 4.​ The Principles of Scientific how the variables you are Management by Taylor considering might relate to each 5.​ Theory X & Theory Y by McGregor other. 6.​ 14 Points of Total Quality Management by Deming Significance of the Study Definition of Terms -​ This part of a research work determines the beneficiaries of Types of definition research. ​ Conceptual Definition - it is an abstract meaning of concepts/terms -​ In the course of the study, the being studied based on latest books. researchers identify the significance of research, its contributions not only ​ Operational definition uses the to themselves but of community at researchers own definition of terms large based on how these terms are used in the study (within the context of the Scope, Limitations and Delimitations of study) the study ​ Lexical definition- definitions based -​ The researchers must be aware that on dictionary also known as they must put boundaries and dictionary definition. limitations on the scope of their -​ Arrange alphabetically study. -​ Indent the terms to be defined and end it with a period. -​ It shall be emphasized that the -​ The term must be boldface, research shall be broad enough to unnumbered, not italicized not include the central concern but underlined followed by a period. narrow in scope to better serve the -​ Capitalize only the first letter of the purpose of an inquiry. term to be defined. -​ Use complete sentence in giving -​ The scope spells out the context of definitions the study and encloses the -​ If operational definition is used, the statements of the problem. phrases in the study, the term refers to, in this study, or the term is used Delimitations of the study set the as, followed by definition. parameters and boundaries of the study. It -​ If two or more definitions will be determines what shall be included and what used, the order must be lexical, are the things to be excluded. authoritatively, operational. Limitations of the study refer to shortfalls CHAPTER 1 and constraints that might affect the THE RESEARCH PROBLEM accuracy and precision of the results or Introduction findings of the study which are usually Theoretical and Conceptual encountered by the researchers in the Framework Statement of the pursuit of the study. Includes the Problem weaknesses of the paper. Hypothesis of the Study Scope, Delimitation and Limitation Significance of the Study