Business Research PDF

SUBJECT Name of College BUSINESS RESEARCH Richel Royce T. Chan, PhD Faculty-in-Charge 2nd Semester I AY 2024-2025 CHAPTER 1 Topic 1 – definition of business research Topic 2 – the difference between qualitative and quantitative business research,...

SUBJECT Name of College BUSINESS RESEARCH Richel Royce T. Chan, PhD Faculty-in-Charge 2nd Semester I AY 2024-2025 CHAPTER 1 Topic 1 – definition of business research Topic 2 – the difference between qualitative and quantitative business research, and the difference between basic and applied research Topic 3 – kinds of business research Topic 4 – criteria for a good business research Topic 5 – institutional research format BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy  Topic 1 – definition of business research 1. What is Business Research? Business research is the process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information to help solve business-related problems or make informed decisions. It provides insights into market trends, customer preferences, competition, and operational efficiency. Example A company launching a new product might conduct business research to determine the target audience, the price point customers are willing to pay, and potential competitors in the market. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy  Topic 2 – the difference between qualitative and quantitative business research, and the difference between basic and applied research 2. Difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Aspect Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Focuses on understanding behaviors, Focuses on numerical data to identify patterns and Definition motivations, and opinions. relationships. Data Type Non-numerical (e.g., words, images). Numerical (e.g., percentages, counts). Methods Interviews, focus groups, case studies. Surveys, experiments, statistical analysis. To explore ideas and understand why something To measure variables and understand how much or Purpose happens. how often. Conducting interviews to understand why Using a survey to determine the average customer Example customers prefer one brand over another. satisfaction rating. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy  2. Difference between Basic and Applied Research Aspect Basic Business Research Applied Business Research Focuses on expanding knowledge and understanding Definition Focuses on solving specific, practical business problems. fundamental principles. To develop theories, concepts, or frameworks without To provide actionable solutions for a particular business Objective immediate real-world application. issue. Purpose Knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Knowledge for practical use. Scope Broader and more theoretical. Narrower and focused on a particular business context. Studying consumer trust development in online Determining the best marketing strategy to increase product Examples marketplaces over time. sales. Generates general knowledge that can be applied across Provides specific recommendations or solutions for a Outcome contexts. problem. Time Sensitivity Not usually time-sensitive; long-term focus. Time-sensitive; seeks immediate or short-term outcomes. Approach Exploratory and conceptual. Problem-solving and practical. - Researching how leadership styles evolve in - Analyzing customer feedback to improve product quality for Example Studies organizations over decades. a specific company. Basic research seeks to understand general business phenomena and contributes to theoretical foundations. Applied research addresses real-world business challenges and offers direct, actionable insights. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy  Topic 3 – kinds of business research 3. Kinds of Business Research Exploratory Research - Used when the problem is not clearly defined, and the aim is to gather preliminary information. Example: A startup studying consumer behavior in an unfamiliar market. Descriptive Research - It describes the characteristics or functions of a market or phenomenon. Example: A report on the demographics of online shoppers. Causal Research - Identifies cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Example: Testing if lowering product prices increases sales. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 3. Kinds of Business Research Applied Research - Solves specific business problems. Example: Determining which marketing strategy increases brand awareness. Basic Research (or Pure Research) - Explores theories or concepts without immediate practical application. Example: Studying how customer trust evolves in e-commerce platforms. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy  Topic 4 – criteria for a good business research 4. Criteria for a good business research Clarity of Purpose The research question or objective should be clearly defined. Example: "What factors influence employee retention in the IT industry?“ Relevance The research should address current and significant issues. Example: Analyzing the impact of AI on small business operations. Validity and Reliability Data collection methods should accurately measure what they intend to measure, and results should be consistent if replicated. Example: Using a standardized questionnaire to collect survey data. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 4. Criteria for a good business research Ethical Considerations The research must respect confidentiality, avoid bias, and ensure informed consent. Example: Anonymizing customer feedback data. Comprehensiveness The research should explore all relevant dimensions of the problem. Example: Studying not just the financial but also the operational impact of a business expansion. Actionable Insights Findings should help in making practical decisions. Example: Recommending a pricing strategy based on customer survey data. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy  Topic 5 – Institutional Research Format (Proposal) 5. Institutional Research Format BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 1. Introduction This section provides an overview of the research topic, explains its importance, and highlights the problem being addressed. Example: In a study about online education, the introduction might explain the rise of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to study its effectiveness compared to traditional learning. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 2. Statement of the Problem A clear description of the research problem or the issue that the study aims to address. Example: "This study seeks to determine the factors affecting student engagement in virtual classrooms." BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 3. Scope, Delimitations, and Limitations Scope - Defines the study’s boundaries (what is covered). o Example: Focusing only on high school students in public schools. Delimitations - Decisions made to narrow the study's focus. o Example: Excluding students from private institutions. Limitations - Constraints outside the researcher’s control. o Example: Limited access to participants due to geographic restrictions. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 4. Theoretical Framework The foundational theories that guide the research, followed by the review of related literature and studies. Example: A study on learning might use Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 5. Conceptual Framework A diagram or narrative that illustrates the relationships among the study’s variables. Example: A framework showing how teacher motivation impacts student performance through teaching quality. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 6. Operational Definition of Terms Specific definitions of terms used in the study to ensure clarity. Example: "E-learning: Any form of education delivered through digital platforms." BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 7. Assumptions Statements believed to be true without proof for the purpose of the study. Example: "Students will respond honestly to survey questions." BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 8. Hypothesis A testable statement predicting the outcome of the study. Example: There is no significant relationship between the profile of Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Treasurers and the level of their accounting and financial proficiency in terms of budgeting, record-keeping, and reporting of financial statements. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 9. Methodology Data Gathering Instrument Tools used to collect data. Example: Questionnaires, interview guides, or tests. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 11. Data Gathering Procedure Steps taken to collect data. Example: Administering surveys online over two weeks. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 12. Statistical Treatment of Data Methods used to analyze data statistically. Example: Using t-tests to compare the mean scores of two groups. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 13. Ethical Considerations Ethical guidelines followed to protect participants. Example: Obtaining informed consent and ensuring confidentiality. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 14. References A list of all the sources cited in the study. Example: APA 7th edition format citations for journal articles, books, and websites. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy 5. Institutional Research Format 15. Appendices Supplementary materials included at the end of the study. Example: Copies of the survey questionnaires, consent forms, request letter or raw data tables. BUSINESS RESEARCH College of Business Administration and Accountancy