Science Process Skills Research-7 PDF

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL  KNOWLEDGE REASONING AUTHORITIES 2  KNOWLEDGE OBSERVING SCIENCE PROCESS SCIENCE SKILLS...

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL  KNOWLEDGE REASONING AUTHORITIES 2  KNOWLEDGE OBSERVING SCIENCE PROCESS SCIENCE SKILLS MEASURING INFERRING 3 Science Process Skills - are fundamental abilities that individuals use to engage in scientific inquiry and exploration. These skills serve as the building blocks of scientific thinking and problem- solving. - encompass a set of fundamental abilities that individuals use to investigate, understand, and interact with the natural world. 4 A. OBSERVATION Basic science process skills are fundamental abilities that individuals use to engage in scientific inquiry and exploration. These skills serve as the building blocks of scientific thinking and problem-solving. 5 PROCESSES OF OBSERVING QUANTITAVE QUALITATIVE 6 QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION It involves the measurement of specific attributes or properties using numerical values or units of measurement. Characteristics: Objective: Quantitative observations are objective and rely on standardized measurement tools and units. Precise: They provide precise and quantifiable data, which allows for comparisons and statistical analysis. 7 QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION Example/s: ❑ Measuring the length of a table as "2 meters." ❑ Recording the temperature of water as "25 degrees Celsius.“ ❑ The Effects of Different Fertilizers on Plant Growth of Corn. ❑ Investigating the Relationship Between Study Hours and Academic Performance of Grade 7 of MalSci. 8 QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION It involves the use of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) to gather information about an object, event, or phenomenon. Characteristics: Subjective: Qualitative observations are often subjective as they rely on individual perceptions and interpretations. Descriptive: They aim to describe qualities or characteristics of the subject, such as color, texture, shape, or odor. 9 QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION Example/s: ❑ Describing the color of a flower as "bright red.” ❑ Noting the texture of a rock as "smooth" or "rough.” ❑ Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Teenagers' Mental Health of Grade 7 MalSci Students. ❑ Exploring the Role of Peer Pressure in Teenagers' Decision-Making of MalSci Students. 10  Importance of Observation in Science ✓ Observations serve as the foundation for the formulation of hypotheses, theories, and scientific explanations. ✓ They enable scientists to collect data, identify patterns, and make predictions. ✓ Both qualitative and quantitative observations are essential for a comprehensive understanding of natural phenomena. 11 B. MEASURING - Measurement is a fundamental skill in scientific investigations. It allows us to quantify and compare different properties of matter. - Different measuring tools commonly used in scientific investigations involving three forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. 12 BASIC TRADITIONAL LABORATORY MEASURING TOOLS  PLATFORM BALANCE ❖ A platform balance is a type of scale used for measuring the mass of objects. It consists of a platform or pan on which the object to be measured is placed and a set of beams and counterweights.  GRADUATED CYLINDER ❖ A graduated cylinder is a tall, cylindrical container with volume markings along its side. It comes in various sizes and is typically made of glass or plastic.  METER STICK ❖ A meter stick is a long, thin ruler typically one meter (100 centimeters) in length. It is marked with centimeter and millimeter divisions. ❖ Useful for measuring the length, width, or height of objects, as well as distances on maps or diagrams.  THERMOMETER ❖ A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature. It typically consists of a glass tube filled with a liquid (usually mercury or alcohol) that expands or contracts with changes in temperature.  BEAKER ❖ A beaker is a cylindrical container with a flat bottom and a spout-like pouring lip. It is typically made of glass or plastic and comes in various sizes, ranging from a few milliliters to several liters. ❖ It used for holding and mixing liquids in the laboratory. They are versatile containers for various chemical reactions and experiments. BASIC MODERN LABORATORY MEASURING TOOLS  pH meter ❖ A pH meter is an electronic instrument used to measure the acidity or alkalinity (pH) of a solution. It consists of a probe with a glass electrode that measures the voltage generated by the solution's hydrogen ions.  Colony Counter ❖ A colony counter is a device equipped with a magnifying glass and counting grid that aids in the manual counting of bacterial or fungal colonies on agar plates.  Calorimeter ❖ A calorimeter is an instrument designed to measure the heat generated or absorbed during a chemical or physical process.  Galvanometer ❖ A galvanometer is a sensitive instrument used to measure small electric currents. It typically consists of a coil and a magnet.  Voltmeter ❖ A voltmeter is an instrument that measures electrical voltage (potential difference) between two points in a circuit.  Oscilloscope ❖ An oscilloscope is a graphical instrument used to visualize and analyze electrical signals over time.  Micropipette ❖ A micropipette is a precision instrument used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquids in the microliter (μL) or milliliter (mL) range.  Laboratory Sensors ❖ Laboratory sensors encompass a wide range of devices that capture data from the environment, including temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and humidity sensors.  Importance of Measuring in Science ✓ Precision and Accuracy: It reduce errors and help ensure that experimental results are consistent and repeatable. ✓ Comparisons and Analysis: Measuring skills facilitate comparisons between different variables and experimental conditions. ✓ Innovation and Technology: Advancements in scientific research often depend on the development of new measuring tools and techniques. ✓ Safety: In measuring the exact quantities of chemicals is crucial to prevent accidents and maintain a safe working environment. ✓ Environmental Monitoring: In environmental science and ecology, measuring skills are vital for monitoring changes in natural ecosystems. 29 C. INFERRING Inferring is a cognitive process in which individuals make logical deductions, educated guesses, or draw conclusions based on available evidence and observations. 30 C. INFERRING How do you make Inference? Take what you SEE and add it to what you ALREADY KNOW (prior knowledge). Then, make an inference / generalization. OBSERVATION = (What you see) INFERENCE (Conclusions) PRIOR KNOWLEDGE (What you already know) 31 32 33 34 35 36  Importance of Inference in Science ✓ Enhanced Critical Thinking: Developing inference skills in science encourages learners to think critically and analyze information, leading to a deeper understanding of complex concepts. ✓ Scientific Inquiry: Inference is an integral part of the scientific method. It allows learners to generate hypotheses, draw conclusions from data, and make informed predictions. ✓ Problem Solving: Inference skills enable learners to tackle scientific problems by connecting observations and evidence to reach logical solutions or explanations. ✓ Interdisciplinary Applications: Inference skills are transferable across various disciplines, making them valuable not only in science but also in everyday decision-making and problem-solving. 37 38  OBSERVATION vs INFERRING An observation is any An inference is a logical information that is taken conclusion based on in by the senses. observations. EXAMPLES The sky is cloudy. It is going to rain. I hear footsteps in the The teacher is coming hallway. down the hall. I smell apples and Mom is baking an cinnamon. apple pie. 39 SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL