RES1 - Week 05 - Chapter 3 - Reviewing the Literature.pptx

Formulating a Research Problem: Reviewing the Literature Kumar, R. (2020). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. In this chapter you will learn about: The functions of the literature review in research How t...

Formulating a Research Problem: Reviewing the Literature Kumar, R. (2020). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. In this chapter you will learn about: The functions of the literature review in research How to carry out a literature search How to review the selected literature How to develop theoretical and conceptual frameworks How to write a literature review The functions of the literature review in Research In general, a literature review: Links your study with existing theories Helps compare your proposed study with existing studies Establishes how your study fits in an existing body of knowledge/ profession The functions of the literature review in Research In relation to one’s study, literature review functions in four ways: 1. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem 2. Improve your research methodology 3. Broaden your knowledge base in your research area; and 4. Contextualize your findings The functions of the literature review in Research In relation to one’s study, literature review functions in four ways: 1. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem 2. Improve your research methodology 3. Broaden your knowledge base in your research area; and 4. Contextualize your findings The functions of the literature review in Research In relation to one’s study, literature review functions in four ways: 1. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem 2. Improve your research methodology 3. Broaden your knowledge base in your research area; and 4. Contextualize your findings The functions of the literature review in Research In relation to one’s study, literature review functions in four ways: 1. Bring clarity and focus to your research problem 2. Improve your research methodology 3. Broaden your knowledge base in your research area; and 4. Contextualize your findings  How to carry out a literature search Four steps in conducting a literature review: 1.Searching for the existing literature in your area of study. 2. Reviewing the selected literature. 3. Developing a theoretical framework. 4. Developing a conceptual framework. a) Books – good quality material, often outdated. It’s highly recommended that the materials from bibliography be also read. b) Journals – up-to-date, provides concise and relevant info in the form of abstracts, undergoes the peer-review process for most publications. Reference list and citation indices are also recommended to be read. The use of key words especially for journals linked to offline or online databases is also needed. c) Internet – most efficient in finding due to the search engines. It is even more efficient when key words and Boolean logic are applied.  How to review the selected literature Four steps in conducting a literature review: 1. Searching for the existing literature in your area of study. 2.Reviewing the selected literature. 3. Developing a theoretical framework. 4. Developing a conceptual framework. Once all relevant literature has been acquired accordingly, read through them critically and establish themes and issues that are essential to the study. This will help craft the theoretical framework as various existing theories related to the study are culled out. Ex. “Community responsiveness in health”  From the literature coming from the rough framework of themes critically assess the ff:  Relevance of the knowledge to your theoretical framework  Theories highlighted, its criticism and basis, methodologies as well as criticisms of methods used  Check up to what extent can findings be linked to other situations  Compare and contrast the findings of various authors. Evaluate how valid differences are.  Assess where gaps can be found in the various studies. How to develop theoretical and conceptual framework Four steps in conducting a literature review: 1. Searching for the existing literature in your area of study. 2. Reviewing the selected literature. 3.Developing a theoretical framework. 4.Developing a conceptual framework. How to develop theoretical and conceptual framework Theoretical framework  Parameters must be set according to themes related to your topic  New themes may be unraveled as the literature review from earlier frameworks proceeds  It’s crucial to highlight agreements and disagreements among author’s findings  Gaps or unanswered questions must also be revealed in the development of the framework.  Be ready to categorize 1) universal and 2) more specific information Recall the paradox: “until you go through the literature you cannot develop a theoretical framework, and until you have developed a theoretical framework you cannot effectively review the literature” How to develop theoretical and conceptual framework Conceptual Framework Sections that will become the basis of the research problem Extracted from the theoretical framework This becomes the overall basis of enquiry This will relate to the refined specific research problem How to write a literature review Choose main themes from your theoretical framework It’s strongly suggested you organize this with subheadings Subheadings must be precise Subheadings must describe the theme in question Subheadings must follow a logical progression Record main findings under each subheading with respect to the theme Highlight similarities & differences of arguments and identify gaps / issues. Additional Resources www.cmu.edu https://scholarlyoa.com/2016/01/05/bealls-list-of-predatory-publishers-2016/ https://library.ust.edu.ph/resources.html Sample literature review (www.cmu.edu) Sample literature review (www.cmu.edu) Sources of findings General References + Sources that are first accessed by researchers to give them information about other sources such as research articles, professional journals, books, monographs, conference proceedings and similar documents. + Example: The Current Index of Journals in Education  Literature review.... Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources Primary source: An original document containing firsthand information about a topic  Diaries  Photographs  Interviews  Speeches  Letters  Works of literature  Original works of art  Original journal research articles  Literature review.... Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources + Secondary source: Contains commentary on or discussion about a primary source, summaries or interpretations of the research reports rather than a complete description of them. + Good secondary sources are articles on meta-analysis of studies conducted in a period of time because they can provide research gaps and overstudied areas of a research field. Most important feature: Offers interpretation of information from primary sources  Biographies  Indexes, abstracts, bibliographies  Dissertations (used to locate a secondary source)  Journal reviews  Monographs  Literature review.... Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources Tertiary source: Presents summaries or condensed versions of materials, usually with references back to the primary and/or secondary sources Note: Good place to look up facts or get a general overview of a subject  Dictionaries  Encyclopedias  Handbooks or Textbooks Subject Primary Secondary Tertiary Art Painting Critical review of the painting Encyclopedia article on the artist History Civil War diary Book on a Civil War Battle List of battle sites Literature Novel or poem Essay about themes in the work Biography of the author Political science Geneva Convention Article about prisoners of war Chronology of treaties EVALUATING REFERENCES: 1. Authority 2. Validity 3. Accuracy 4. Objectivity 5. Currency 6. Coverage 7. Location  Literature review.... Where to look for literary materials ?  Literature review.... Where to look for literary materials ? www.library.ust.edu.ph Evaluating the relevance and credibility of a literary material.... Validity/Accuracy: Is the source valid? Is it peer-reviewed? Accuracy: Validity: Does it Is the same contain details of research author? cited Location: Is the location in other relevant to you? sources? Currency: Check Coverage: publication date Does this cover the area being Objectivity: Are there studied? Is proofs to support the the sample data? Were the size methods used adequate? appropriate? Beware of Predatory Journals P.... An exploitative publishing business model that redatory publishing: involves charging publication fees to authors without providing the editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate journals Potential predatory (open access publishers & standalone or not). journals: https://scholarlyoa.com/2016/01/05/ bealls-list-of-predatory-publishers- 2016/ Beware of Hijacked Journals....Journals for which someone has created a Hijacked journals: counterfeit website, stealing the journal’s identity and soliciting articles submissions using the author-pays model (gold open-access) Probable hijacked journals: https://scholarlyoa.com/2016/01/05/ bealls-list-of-predatory-publishers- 2016/ Thank you for listening!