Reproductive Cycle Final 2024 PDF

EMBRYOLOGY Reproductive Cycle BY: Dr. Mona Abdelatty Ahmed  Instructor information Contact: DR. Mona Abdelatty Ahmed Associate Professor at Anatomy Department. Kafr elsheikh university email: [email protected] Mobile: 01063441188 Items to be covered: Female reprodu...

EMBRYOLOGY Reproductive Cycle BY: Dr. Mona Abdelatty Ahmed  Instructor information Contact: DR. Mona Abdelatty Ahmed Associate Professor at Anatomy Department. Kafr elsheikh university email: [email protected] Mobile: 01063441188 Items to be covered: Female reproductive organs Ovarian cycle Uterine cycle Hormonal control of reproductive cycle  EMBRYOLOGY Branch of biology and medicine Concerned with the study of embryos and their development.  Female Genital (reproductive) System Produces eggs Provides location and nutrition for the development of eggs The Ovaries Size: 1.5 – 3 cm Produces female gametes (ova) Location: positioned Secrete the hormones against estrogenposterior wall of and progesterone pelvic cavity  Fallopian tubes Narrow tubes attached to the upper part of the uterus Serve as tunnels fertilization Parts of uterine tube  Vagina A thin-walled structure below the uterus Called the birth canal – baby passes through it during birth Reproductive cycle DEFINITION Actually made up of two cycles that interact and overlap. one in the ovaries and one in the uterus ONSET Starts with the first day of the period and ends with the start of the next period. DURATION lasts between 24 and 38 days. The Ovarian Cycle  The Ovarian Cycle DEFINITION Series of changes in the ovary during which the follicle matures, the ovum is shed and the corpus luteum develops.  Three phases: follicular --- ovulation --- luteal (1-14) (14) (14-28)  Hormonal control of the Ovarian cycle events synchronized by the action of 2 hormones: pituitary gland follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinising hormone (LH)  Follicular phase FORAMATION AND MATURATION OF THE FOLLICLES  Follicular phase Primordial At the beginning of each ovarian cycle 5-15 primordial follicle begin to grow under the influence of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). Growing follicle: The granulosa cells secret estrogen hormone and also a hyaline material around the primary oocyte called zona pellucida. Graffian follicle: Inside it the primary oocyte is changed into secondary oocyte (haploid number of chromosome). Follicular phase  Ovulation it is the rupture of the Graffian follicle with release of the secondary oocyte In the middle of the cycle (in the 14th day of the cycle.  Ovulation -It is due to increase in the pressure inside the Graffian follicles as a results of increase release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from pituitary gland (LH surge).  Luteal phase Following ovulation, the graffian follicle is transformed into corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone that cause the secretory stage of the uterine mucosa. 2) The ovaian cycle is controlled by which 2 hormones? 1..…………………. 2..………………………. ……: Egg Maturation ….: Egg release (Ovulation) Which hormone matures eggs in the ovary? 2. MATURE EGG 1.UNDEVELOPED EGGS 4. REMAINS OF 3.RELEASED EGG EGG  DEFINITION Actually made up of two cycles that interact and overlap. one in the ovaries and one in the uterus  The Menstrual Cycle  Menstrual cycle  it is regular cyclic monthly changes occurring in the endometrium of the uterus  starting from puberty till the age of menopause.  The uterine cycle has three phases: Cycle repeats until meno…  Menstrual (bleeding) phase  lasts from 3 to 5 days.  Amount of blood lost: about 50-60 cc.  Consists of blood and pieces of endometrium.  This blood does not clot.  Thickness of endometrium is 0.5 mm.  1-Menstrual (bleeding) phase: Day 1 to 5 of the menstrual cycle uterine lining breaks down follicle begins to develop  Proliferative phase Persists 10days. From 5-15 th day of cycle. under the influence of estrogen secreted by Graffian follicle The endometrium grows so that by the end of this phase becomes 4 mm. thick.  2-Proliferative (Follicular) phase: Day 5 to 14 of the menstrual cycle uterine lining begins to thicken follicle becomes mature Day 14 of the menstrual cycle uterine lining becomes very thick ovulation occurs  Proliferative phase The endometrium becomes thicker (5-7mm.) and forms 3 layers: i. Superficial compact layer, ii. Middle spongy layer. iii. Deep basal layer.  Srcretory phase  persists for 10-14 days. From 16-28 th day of cycle.  The cells become columnar.  The uterine glands become more convoluted and full of secretion.  The spiral arteries become dilated and tortuous.  3. Secretory (Luteal) phase: Day 14 to 28 of the menstrual cycle uterine lining remains thick ovum is moved along the oviduct  4.1 Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle What are the hormones involved?  4.1 Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle events synchronized by the interaction of four hormones: pituitary gland follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinising hormone (LH)  4.1 Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle yellow follicle body oestrogen  4.1 Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle yellow body progesterone 1) On which days does Menstruation occur?  2) The Menstrual cycle is controlled by which 2 hormones? 1..…………………. 2..…………………. What causes the lining of the Uterus to thicken?  Ovarian cycle: Menstrual cycle: 1. Follicular phase. 1. Menstruation 2. Ovulation 2. Proliferative phase 3. Luteal phase 3. Secretory phase FS LH H Ovary Follicular phase Luteal phase Estrogen Progestron Ovulation e Uterus Menses Proliferative phase Secretory phase Menses 1 14 28 Questions Which induces the development of corpus luteum: A.LH B.Estrogen C.FSH D.LTH During which stage of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium layer markedly thicken? A. Secretory Phase B. Luteal Phase C. Ovulation Phase D. Proliferative Phase f pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will disintegrate and turn into what is called the? A. Corpus Albicans B. Corpus Callosum C. Corpus Cavernosum D. Corpus Allatum Where are hormones estrogen and progesterone produced? A. Anterior Pituitary B. Ovary C. Adrenal Glands D. Hypothalamus  What is the aim of reproductive cycle? What are stages of the ovarian cycle and its hormonal control? What are stages of the uterine cycle and its hormonal control?