Religion Lecture Notes PDF

Religion Lecture TOPICS NOTES Islam Religion Founded Muhammad merchant/trader 7th century Saudi Arabia Egalitarian 5 beliefs Profession of fai...

Religion Lecture TOPICS NOTES Islam Religion Founded Muhammad merchant/trader 7th century Saudi Arabia Egalitarian 5 beliefs Profession of faith Prayer 5x a day Giving money to the poor (alms) Fasting during their holy month of Ramandad Pilgrimage to Mecca Afterlife (Akhirah) Soul enters Barzakh state of waiting Spreading religion 632-661 CE spread religion Modern Spain to northern India Imam religious leader of Islam ○ Lead prayer Religion spread through trade and military Followers 1.9 billion people follow religion 2nd most followed religion Fact Qur’an sacred scripture Patriarchy, but mostly egalitarian Jesus, Moses, Abraham were all prophets Sects ○ Shia (10% population) ○ Sunni (90%) Christianity Founded Founder is Jesus Christ Founded mid-first century Major beliefs Jesus was the son of god Fully human and fully divine Following the path of Jesus will result in eternal life God created the world God knows everything God is everywhere Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead  Sacred texts Bible - 40 authors, 66 books Old and New Testament Old jewish torah Testament life of jesus Spread Across the world by believers and missionaries and apostles 2.4 billion followers 12 disciples around the eastern Mediterranean Sea Christianity is the most widespread religion Gender equality Both men and women created equally through the eyes of god Holidays Good friday Christmas Easter Palm sunday Afterlife Believers souls/spirits are taken to heaven Soul is reunited with god Fact First book to ever be printed Gutenberg bibe 1455 Jesus real name is Yeshua YAHWEH is the breath of life Hinduism Founder: Indus river valley India Nepal Mauritius Spread: Orally Emperors Migration Sacred Texts Followers: 1.2 billion Government/gender equality: Women are given most rights Generally equal Holidays: Holi Diwali → festival of lights Guru Purnima Afterlife:  Reincarnation Karma Religion: Follow dharmic code Reincarnation Karma determines next reincarnation Fact: Oldest and most complex belief system Has sub-religions Sikhism Founded 10 guru (messengers) 15th century 1469-ish Punjab/Northern India Amritsar Main beliefs Monotheistic Equality for all people Mukti - liberation Reincarnation Men wear turban, carry knifes, last name always sing Afterlife Reincarnation Achieving eternal peace Fact No sacred texts - Guru Granth Sahib History book - melodies No priests, granthis Langar - community kitchen, eat for free Spread Does not believe in conversion Modern Social justice, equality, loyalty, commitment Followers 26 million Holiday Sikh New Year Hola Mohalla Vaisakhi Buddhism Founded by Siddartha Gautama, a prince who had been kept in a palace Saw human suffering (illness, starvation, and death) Achieved nirvana (enlightenment) Should follow the 8 fold path 1. Right view 2. Right intentions 3. Right speech 4. Right actions 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right samadhi (thoughts, meditation) Four Noble truths 1. Suffering is inevitable 2. Cause of our suffering → desire 3. An end to suffering 4. End to suffering is following the 8 fold path Believe in reincarnation Achieving enlightenment is possible in this life Nirvana can be achieved by anyone Gender equality 8 Garudhammas 1. Rules of respect Holidays 1. Veska (Buddah Day) a. Honor buddha b. Cut meat form their diet Fact 1. Be bald because it represents achieving enlightenment 2. End to his sexual desires