READHIS REVIEWER Midterms PDF

READHIS REVIEWER MIDTERMS | DE VILLA 1) How would you define the concept of 6) How does the etymology of “kasaysayan” nationalism? shape our understanding of what constitutes - Love for the country Philippines history?...

READHIS REVIEWER MIDTERMS | DE VILLA 1) How would you define the concept of 6) How does the etymology of “kasaysayan” nationalism? shape our understanding of what constitutes - Love for the country Philippines history? 2) Explain the statement, "Nationalism is a - Saysay = inspirational and with purpose, philosophy of power." relevance, and not every past is - Sense of history important - You can only love your country if you truly know its history 7) Analyze the distinction between being a 3) Carl Becker states, "History is not just a historian and simply having an interest in compilation of dead facts.” What does he history. What qualifications are necessary to mean by this statement? How does his be considered a historian? perspective challenge traditional views of - Historians are required to make history? groundbreaking discovery. - History, therefore, is not "chronology" - Individuals who write history or an arrangement of events. It's a - contextualize the historical milieu of reconstruction of significant moments one’s particular time based on various sources, including 8) Reflect on the dangers of antiquarianism in documents, oral histories, and historical research. Why is it considered a archaeological finds. problem in the field of history? - - Antiquarianism is collecting antiques, 4) E.H. Carr espoused the idea that history is artefacts and old books an ongoing dialogue between the present and - Some antiquarian only focus on the age the past. What does he mean by this? How of the artifact and not its significance does Carr's perspective emphasize the role of - Too focused on small details and interpretation and subjectivity in historical missing the bigger picture of history understanding? - Different interpretations - Historians try to interpret the past 9) Discuss the importance of multiple - History means interpretation and is what perspectives in the study of history. the historian makes - Understanding multiple perspectives in - Basically, historians try to interpret the Philippine history is. It gives us a fuller facts that they already have. They are picture by including diverse the one the piece together information in experiences, challenges dominant order to have a history that can be narratives, and yung mga uncover understood by others voices that are often ignored. 5) How does studying history contribute to 10) Cite an example of how different our understanding of contemporary socio- perspectives can lead to varying political issues? Discuss the relevance of interpretations of the historical knowledge in shaping our present same historical event. and future. - Studying History is relevant so that we 11) Provide an example of a primary source can learn from the past mistakes and we in the study of Philippine history. How does it can be able to prevent them from both shed light on different aspects (political, now and the future. social, or cultural) of the past? - 1 | DE VILLA  READHIS REVIEWER MIDTERMS | DE VILLA 12) What are the two types of historical biased way. Studying it helps us criticism? How can historians use them to understand how these views influenced evaluate the authenticity and reliability of colonization and the relationship primary sources? between the East and West. - Internal criticism (deals with the 17) Discuss the contributions of Samuel Tan problem of credibility) as a historian. - External criticism (deals with the - Specialized in the study of Filipino problem of aunthenticity: hoaxes, muslims forgery, and fabrication) - His key book, The Filipino Muslim - Armed Struggle, 1900-1972 (1978), 13) How do secondary sources contribute to explores the challenges faced by historical understanding? Filipino Muslims during the 20th - Secondary sources are individuals who century, focusing on American colonial are not direct participants of the event rule and the following Filipino - Secondary sources enhance historical governments. understanding by analyzing and 18) Explore Teodoro Agoncillo’s approach to interpreting primary sources, providing historical writing and his contributions to context, and synthesizing diverse nationalist historiography. perspectives. - Teodoro Agoncillo’s nationalist approach to history emphasized a 14) Discuss the historical and socio-political "Filipino point of view," challenging context that gave rise to nationalist colonial narratives and highlighting historiography in the 1950s. Filipino resistance and pride. - WWII gave rise to the nationalist 19) Discuss the legacy and impact of Renato historiography. FIlipino historians, like Constantino's works in Philippine history. Teodoro Agoncillo, battled for the - Promoted a Filipino-centric view of Filipino point of view in interpreting the history history of the Philippines. - Analyzed the colonial education system for fostering a colonial mentality among 15) Reflect on the legacy of a nationalist Filipinos. historian and his contribution to Philippine - His writings inspired a generation of historiography. activists during the Marcos dictatorship, - Renato Constantino's legacy in contributing to the intellectual Philippine historiography lies in his foundation for opposition movements. advocacy for "people's history," which sought to reclaim Filipino identity by 20) How did Reynaldo Ileto’s research on critically analyzing colonial narratives “Pasyon and Revolution" contribute to and highlighting the struggles and understanding Filipino society and culture perspectives of Filipinos. during the late colonial period? - he endeavored to recognize the way of 16) Define orientalism and its relevance to thinking of common folks by using historical study. alternative historical sources such as - Orientalism is how Western countries folk songs and prayers. described Eastern cultures, often in a 2 | DE VILLA  READHIS REVIEWER MIDTERMS | DE VILLA 21) Discuss the importance of incorporating - Proves that the Tagalog were already the Filipino point of view in historical writing civilized before the Spanish arrived in and understanding. the Philippines. - 26) What were the key elements of Tagalog 22) Explore the historical and cultural spirituality, and how did it intersect with the importance of the Manunggul Jar as a rise of Christianity? national treasure. - - Incorporating the Filipino point of view 27) Reflect on the limitations and biases that in historical writing is important because might be present in Plasencia’s account. How it ensures a more accurate, inclusive, might his perspective as European influenced and authentic understanding of the his portrayal of indigenous culture and nation's history from the perspective of values? its own people. 23) What does the concept of W.H. Scott’s - as plasencia is from europe, that might “parchment curtain” signify, and how does it lead him to view it in a european help our understanding of the colonial period perspective or in a ethnocentric in the Philippines? perspective. This might have led him to - The Spanish Authorities often hide real compare the european values to documents and stories about the indigenous filipino culture. indegenous people in the Philippines. Which often leads to misunderstandings 28) How did the arrival of Christian beliefs of what really happened during that influence perceptions about the “bayoguins”? period. But there were “Cracks” which Discuss any significant shifts that occurred. allows us to see the lives of Filipinos. - Bayoguins are men whose nature - inclines more to a woman. Before the 24) Discuss the importance of internal arrival of spaniards bayoguins are criticism in historical research. accepted by the society however after - Internal criticism deals with the problem the arrival of the christians beliefs of credibility. It is important in historical bayoguins had become more of a research because historians need to superstitious belief meaning they were know if the sources that they are piecing less accepted by others. together is reliable or can be trusted. Moreover, history is base on facts so 29) Explore the role of Babaylans in knowing if the sources are reliable and pre-colonial society. What were the challenges truthful is quite an important part of they faced with the arrival of Christianity? research. - Babaylans are the spiritual leaders in - Interpretation ko po toh :)) so sana tama pre-colonial society, mostly women’s who served as healers and mediator. The 25) What kind of information does challenges they faced were prosecution, Plasencia’s “Custom of the Tagalogs” provide execution, and they were labeled as about the Tagalog society? Discuss its witches. significance as a historical source. - Cultural Practices, Social Structure, Religion and Beliefs. 3 | DE VILLA  READHIS REVIEWER MIDTERMS | DE VILLA 30) In what ways did the introduction of - the inter caetera in 1493 aimed to Christianity and Spanish colonialism impact resolve territorial disputes between the status of women in pre-colonial spain and portugal Philippines? - the territorial divisions established by it created a colonial legacy that continues - the spanish defined women socially and to spark conflicts over land rights which politically in relation to men so like led to many indigenous communities to womens rights were limited compared to struggle men which led to women being heavily - colonization entrenched patterns of dependent on men. women were also exploitation that prioritized extraction of domesticated where they were focused resources for europeans to benefit on doing chores while men took - forced assimilation resulted in losses of decision-making positions. In the various indigenous identities christian times, it suppressed indigenous practices that empowered women so 34) What evidence suggests that economic most practices were banned considerations played a significant role in - Spain’s exploration and colonization of the 31) Reflect on the cultural factors that Philippine archipelago? contributed to the high status of women in - Spice trade pre-colonial Philippine society. How did 35) How do Pigafetta’s chronicles provide indigenous beliefs and traditions influence the valuable insights into cultural and empowerment geographical aspects of the Philippine region? of women? - - 36) Analyze and discuss the motivations 32) Discuss the historical significance of the behind the Spanish expedition. Inter Caetera in the context of European - 3G’s God Gold Glory. (God - Spread colonization. Christianity, Gold - Spices and - The inter caetera was made by pope resources, Glory - Power and alexander the 6th to divide the americas colonization) giving the west territories to spain and - This effort began with a desire to reach the east territories to Portugal. This was the Spice Islands for economic growth done to reduce a war over territories but through colonization and resource it also divided the world using religion extraction. It also aimed to explore new as justification. A negative impact too is routes. Religion played a role, as it was that they didn't care about the impact on used to spread Christianity. Additionally, indigenous people, on their rights, a country is seen as strong when it has causing displacement. many territories, especially if those 33) Analyze the impact of the Inter Caetera countries are rich in natural resources. on indigenous populations in Africa, Asia, 37) Examine the role of Christianity in and the Americas. Discuss its long-term Spanish colonization and how it shaped the consequences. religious landscape of the Philippines. - Sinakop tayo ng mga Spanish at yung Christianity ipinalaganap nila sa Pilipinas. Malaki ang naging 4 | DE VILLA  READHIS REVIEWER MIDTERMS | DE VILLA impluwensya sa mga tao hanggang ngayon. May ibat ibang sakramento tulad ng binyag,.kumpil, at iba pa na ginagawa ng tao. Nagsisimba tayo tuwing Linggo. Lahat ng ito ay turo ng impluwensya ng kristyanismo sa mga Pilipino na dulot ng mga Spanish 38) What were the key factors that contributed to the decline of shipbuilding skills among Filipinos? Discuss the socio-economic changes that led to this shift. - The key factors stem from the Spanish colonization, which stopped local industries and prioritized the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade. - 39) Analyze the lasting implications of Ferdinand Magellan's conquest of the Philippines. What are its long-term effects? - Christianity - Some spanish culture are still relevant until today - Some spanish words are still use by filipinos 40) Discuss the pre-colonial civilization in the Philippines prior to Magellan’s arrival. What were some of the key characteristics of this civilization? - Efficient technology (ship making, creation of cloth, jewelry making, using of stones [not sure dito]) - Predictive sciences (creation of different items show their knowledge about sciences, mummies, skeletons with gold teeth) - Writing (baybayin) - Art and religion (Manunggul jar) - Foreign trade (trade with Chinese) - Big population (Manila was a flourishing barangay) - Megalithic structures - Government, Laws and warfare (datos/chiefs) 5 | DE VILLA