RIZ101 Midterm Reviewer PDF

**Part 1** **Dates and Years:** **1877-1882:** Rizal\'s time at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) for medical studies. **1877-1878:** Rizal\'s first year at UST, studying Philosophy and Letters. **1878-1879:** Rizal\'s second year at UST, transferring to the medical course. **1878:** Rizal co...

**Part 1** **Dates and Years:** **1877-1882:** Rizal\'s time at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) for medical studies. **1877-1878:** Rizal\'s first year at UST, studying Philosophy and Letters. **1878-1879:** Rizal\'s second year at UST, transferring to the medical course. **1878:** Rizal completes his surveying course at the Ateneo. **1879:** Rizal wins the first prize in a literary contest for his poem \"A La Juventud Filipina\" (To the Filipino Youth). **1879:** Rizal wins the first prize in another literary contest for his allegorical drama \"The Council of the Gods.\" **1880:** Rizal writes the zarzuela \"Junto al Pasig\" (Beside the Pasig). **1880:** Rizal is the chief of the \"Companerismo\" secret society of Filipino students. **1881:** Rizal visits Pakil and Pagsanjan, Laguna. **1881:** Rizal is granted the title of surveyor. **1882:** Rizal decides to study abroad in Spain. **Important People:** **Jose Rizal:** The main subject of the content, a Filipino nationalist, writer, and physician. **Don Francisco Rizal:** Rizal\'s father, who wanted him to pursue higher education. **Dona Teodora Alonzo:** Rizal\'s mother, who opposed his desire for university education. **Paciano Rizal:** Rizal\'s brother, who accompanied him to Manila. **Segunda Katigbak:** Rizal\'s first love. **Father Pablo Ramon:** The Rector of the Ateneo, who advised Rizal to study medicine. **Leonor Valenzuela:** One of Rizal\'s romantic interests. **Leonor Rivera:** Rizal\'s cousin and another romantic interest. **General Primo de Rivera:** The Governor-General of the Philippines, who ignored Rizal\'s complaint about being attacked by a Spanish lieutenant. **Galicano Apacible:** Rizal\'s cousin from Batangas, who served as secretary of the \"Companerismo\" society. **Important Places:** **Calamba, Laguna:** Rizal\'s hometown. **University of Santo Tomas (UST):** The university where Rizal studied medicine and philosophy. **Ateneo de Manila:** The Jesuit school where Rizal received his primary education. **Manila:** The capital city of the Philippines. **Pakil, Laguna:** A town known for its shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores. **Pagsanjan, Laguna:** A town known for its famous falls. **Barcelona, Spain:** The city where Rizal initially planned to study medicine. **Madrid, Spain:** The city where Rizal continued his studies. **Berlin, Germany:** The city where Rizal wrote his novel \"Noli Me Tangere.\" **Ship:** **Salvadora:** The ship Rizal took from Manila to Singapore. Part 2 **Important People:** **Jose Rizal:** The protagonist of the document, a Filipino nationalist, writer, and physician. **Paciano Rizal:** Jose Rizal\'s older brother, who encouraged him to travel abroad and observe European life. **Leonor Rivera:** Jose Rizal\'s sweetheart, who he wrote to before leaving for Europe. **Don Francisco Rizal:** Jose Rizal\'s father, who was saddened by his son\'s departure. **Captain Donato Lecha:** A Spanish captain who befriended Rizal on the ship Salvadora. **Ferdinand de Lesseps:** A French diplomat-engineer who built the Suez Canal. **Miguel Morayta:** A prominent Spanish liberal and republican, and a Mason. **Francisco Pi y Margal:** A journalist, statesman, and former President of the First Spanish Republic. **Manuel Becerra:** Minister of Utramar (Colonies). **Emilio Junoy:** A journalist and member of the Spanish Cortes. **Juan Ruiz Zorilla:** A parliamentarian and head of the Republican Progressive Party in Madrid. **Maximo Viola:** A medical student who befriended Rizal in Barcelona and later financed the printing of Noli Me Tangere. **Dr. Louis de Weckert:** A leading French ophthalmologist who Rizal worked under in Paris. **Dr. Otto Becker:** A German ophthalmologist who Rizal worked under in Heidelberg. **Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt:** An Austrian ethnologist who became a close friend of Rizal. **Dr. Adolph B. Meyer:** Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum in Leipzig. **Dr. Feodor Jagor:** A German scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines. **Dr. Rudolf Virchow:** A famous German anthropologist. **Dr. Hans Virchow:** A professor of Descriptive Anatomy. **Dr. W. Joest:** A noted German geographer. **Dr. Karl Ernest Schwieigger:** A famous German ophthalmologist. **Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey:** A former city mayor of Manila and his family who Rizal befriended in Madrid. **Consuelo Ortiga y Perez:** Don Pablo\'s daughter who Rizal admired and dedicated a poem to. **Eduardo de Lete:** A friend and co-worker in the Propaganda Movement who was in love with Consuelo. **Juan Luna:** A Filipino painter who Rizal admired and spoke about at a banquet. **Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo:** Another Filipino painter who Rizal admired and spoke about at a banquet. **Harriet Beecher Stowe:** An American author whose novel **Uncle Tom\'s Cabin** inspired Rizal to write Noli Me Tangere. **Dr. Carlos Czepelak:** A Polish scholar who Blumentritt introduced Rizal to. **Professor Robert Klutschak:** An eminent naturalist who Blumentritt introduced Rizal to. **Dr. Wilkomm:** Professor of Natural History at the University of Prague. **Norfenfals:** The greatest Austrian novelist at the time. **Important Places:** **Philippines:** Rizal\'s homeland, where he was born and raised. **Calamba:** Rizal\'s hometown in the Philippines. **Singapore:** Rizal\'s first stop on his journey to Europe. **Colombo:** The capital of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), which Rizal found beautiful. **Aden (Yemen):** A stopover on Rizal\'s journey through the Suez Canal. **Suez Canal:** A canal connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, which Rizal traveled through. **Port Said:** The Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal. **Naples:** An Italian city that Rizal enjoyed for its business activity, lively people, and panoramic beauty. **Marseilles:** A French harbor where Rizal stopped on his journey to Spain. **Barcelona:** A Spanish city where Rizal lived for a time and began writing his novel Noli Me Tangere. **Madrid:** The capital of Spain, where Rizal studied medicine and philosophy. **Paris:** The capital of France, where Rizal visited and studied ophthalmology. **Strasbourg:** The capital of Alsace-Lorraine, which Rizal visited. **Heidelberg:** A German city where Rizal studied ophthalmology and befriended Professor Blumentritt. **Leipzig:** A German city where Rizal lived and translated Schiller\'s William Tell and Hans Christian Andersen\'s Fairy Tales. **Basel (Bale):** A city in Switzerland that Rizal and Viola visited. **Bern:** A city in Switzerland that Rizal and Viola visited. **Lausanne:** A city in Switzerland that Rizal and Viola visited. **Leman Lake:** A lake in Switzerland that Rizal and Viola crossed by boat. **Geneva:** A city in Switzerland where Rizal and Viola visited. **Turin:** A city in Italy that Rizal visited. **Milan:** A city in Italy that Rizal visited. **Venice:** A city in Italy that Rizal visited. **Florence:** A city in Italy that Rizal visited. **Vatican City:** The city-state of the Catholic Church, which Rizal visited. **St. Peter\'s Church:** A church in Vatican City that Rizal visited. **St. Peter\'s Square:** A square in Vatican City that Rizal visited. **Important Years:** **1882:** The year Rizal left the Philippines for Europe. **1883:** The year Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino and wrote the poem Me Piden Versos. **1884:** The year Rizal graduated with a Licentiate in Medicine from the Universidad Central de Madrid. **1885:** The year Rizal finished half of his novel Noli Me Tangere in Paris. **1886:** The year Rizal made final revisions to Noli Me Tangere in Berlin. **1887:** The year Noli Me Tangere was published and Rizal traveled through Europe with Maximo Viola. **Ship:** **Salvadora:** The Spanish steamer that Rizal boarded in Manila to travel to Singapore. **Djemnah:** The larger ship that Rizal transferred to in Singapore to travel to Colombo and Europe. Part 3 **Noli Me Tangere:** **Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra:** The protagonist, a young man who returns to the Philippines after studying abroad. He is intelligent, idealistic, and passionate about improving his country. **María Clara de los Santos:** The female lead, a beautiful and virtuous young woman who is betrothed to Ibarra. She is a symbol of innocence and traditional Filipino values. **Elías:** A mysterious and enigmatic figure who acts as a guide and protector to Ibarra. He is a symbol of the oppressed and marginalized Filipinos. **Padre Dámaso:** A domineering and cruel Franciscan friar who is the antagonist of the novel. He represents the corrupt and oppressive Spanish clergy. **Padre Salví:** A cowardly and hypocritical Franciscan friar who is obsessed with María Clara. He represents the hypocrisy and moral decay of the Spanish clergy. **Don Rafael Ibarra:** Ibarra\'s father, a respected and wealthy landowner who was unjustly accused of heresy and died in prison. He represents the victims of Spanish injustice. **Capitan Tiago:** A wealthy and influential Filipino who is María Clara\'s guardian. He is a symbol of the Filipino elite who are often complicit with the Spanish authorities. **Sisa:** A poor and abused woman who is the mother of Basilio and Crispin. She represents the suffering of the common Filipino people under Spanish rule. **Basilio:** Sisa\'s son, a young man who is forced to drop out of school and become a gravedigger. He represents the lost potential of the Filipino youth. **Crispin:** Sisa\'s younger son, a young boy who is unjustly accused of theft and tortured to death. He represents the brutality of the Spanish authorities. **Tasio:** A wise and learned old man who is a symbol of Filipino wisdom and knowledge. He is ostracized by the Spanish authorities for his unconventional views. **El Filibusterismo**: **Simoun:** The main antagonist, a wealthy jeweler who has become disillusioned with the Spanish regime and seeks revenge. He represents the anger and frustration of the oppressed Filipinos. **Isagani:** A young poet who is in love with Paulita Gomez. He represents the idealistic and romantic aspirations of the Filipino youth. **Basilio:** The young gravedigger from Noli Me Tangere, who has grown into a more cynical and disillusioned man. He is a symbol of the enduring suffering of the Filipino people. **Paulita Gomez:** A beautiful and innocent young woman who is betrothed to Juanito Pelaez. She represents the ideal of love and beauty that is threatened by the corrupt and oppressive society. **Padre Salví:** The cowardly and hypocritical Franciscan friar from Noli Me Tangere, who continues to play a role in the events of El Filibusterismo. **Padre Florentino:** A retired and patriotic Filipino priest who represents the hope for a better future. **Don Custodio:** A pro-Spanish Filipino who holds a high position in the government. He represents the Filipino elite who are often complicit with the Spanish authorities. **Padre Sibyla:** The Vice Rector of the University of Santo Tomas, who represents the intellectual hypocrisy of the Spanish clergy. **Padre Camorra:** The parish priest of the town of Tiani, who represents the corruption and moral decay of the Spanish clergy. **Ben-Zayb:** A Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos. He represents the ignorance and prejudice of the Spanish colonizers. RIZAL'S LIFE: EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH **1. Second Homecoming and La Liga Filipina** - Rizal returned to Manila in June 1892, seeking to have his exile lifted. He met with General Eulogio Despujol, the Governor General, but failed to secure his release. - On July 3, 1892, Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina, a civic organization aimed at uniting the Philippines and promoting education, agriculture, and commerce. - The Liga Filipina\'s motto was \"Unus Instar Omnium\" (One Like All). **2. Arrest, Imprisonment, and Deportation** - Rizal was arrested on July 6, 1892, after incriminating leaflets, \"Pobres Frailes\" (Poor Friars), were found in his possession. - He was detained at Fort Santiago and kept incommunicado. - On July 15, 1892, Rizal was deported to Dapitan, where he was exiled for four years. **3. Exile in Dapitan (1892-1896)** - Rizal lived under the supervision of Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the Spanish Commandant of Dapitan. - Despite his exile, Rizal continued to pursue his passions, engaging in various professions and intellectual pursuits. - He practiced medicine, treated the poor, and even gave them free medicine. - He constructed a system of waterworks, a lighting system, and remodeled the town plaza. - He taught local children, encouraging them to play games and engage in physical activities. - He studied local medicine and medicinal plants, sent specimens to museums in Europe, and even had species named after him. - He learned Bisayan and Subanum languages and wrote a Tagalog grammar. - He became a farmer, businessman, and inventor, introducing new agricultural methods and technologies. - He fell in love with Josephine Bracken, an Irish girl, and they agreed to marry. **4. Rizal and the Katipunan** - In June 1892, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, a member of the Katipunan, a revolutionary organization, visited Rizal in Dapitan. - Valenzuela sought Rizal\'s support for the Katipunan\'s plan for revolution, but Rizal objected, believing it was premature. - Rizal disapproved of the Katipunan\'s plan to rescue him from Dapitan, as he had given his word of honor to the Spanish authorities. **5. Last Trip Abroad and Arrest in Barcelona** - In July 1896, Rizal\'s exile in Dapitan came to an end, and he embarked on a voyage to Spain. - He was accompanied by Josephine Bracken, his sister Narcisa, and his nephews. - On September 25, 1896, Rizal was arrested in Barcelona, Spain, after news of the Katipunan\'s uprising reached the Spanish authorities. - He was accused of being the mastermind behind the revolution and was transported back to Manila. **6. Trial and Execution** - Rizal was subjected to a five-day investigation in Manila, during which he was not allowed to confront his accusers. - He was charged with rebellion and sedition. - On December 26, 1896, Rizal was found guilty by a military court and sentenced to death. - He was executed by firing squad at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta) on December 30, 1896, at the age of 35. **7. Rizal\'s Legacy** - Rizal\'s execution sparked outrage and fueled the Philippine Revolution. - He became a symbol of Filipino nationalism and resistance against Spanish colonial rule. - His writings, particularly \"Noli Me Tangere\" and \"El Filibusterismo,\" continue to be studied and celebrated for their social and political commentary. - Rizal\'s life and death continue to inspire Filipinos and people around the world. **Key Points:** - Rizal\'s exile in Dapitan was a period of intellectual and creative activity, despite the restrictions. - The La Liga Filipina was a significant step towards Filipino unity and self-governance. - Rizal\'s opposition to the Katipunan\'s violent uprising stemmed from his belief in peaceful reform. - The trial and execution of Rizal were marred by injustice and political motivations. - Rizal\'s legacy as a national hero continues to inspire Filipinos and people around the world.