Pipes and Fittings, Plumbing Fixtures PDF

What might this be? Excellence and Relevance 02 1  PIPES AND FITTINGS, PLUMBING FIXTURES Presented By:...

What might this be? Excellence and Relevance 02 1  PIPES AND FITTINGS, PLUMBING FIXTURES Presented By: Barillo, Jersey Bernaldez, Ryne Raphael Ewag, Jerome Keefe Ramos, Jhon Patrick Saron, Alyssa Danica Mae Excellence and Relevance  Pipes and Fittings Components of plumbing systems used to transport water, gas, or waste. Pipes serve as the conduits, while fittings (such as elbows, tees, and couplings) connect pipes and allow for changes in direction, size, or flow. They form the backbone of plumbing systems, ensuring efficient and safe transportation of essential resources like water and removal of waste, contributing to sanitation and functionality in buildings. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  Plumbing Fixtures Devices connected to plumbing systems for water delivery and drainage. Examples include sinks, faucets, toilets, bathtubs, and showers. These fixtures enable everyday activities like bathing, cooking, and cleaning, promoting hygiene and convenience while shaping the usability of residential and commercial spaces. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  The longest plumbing system in the world is the Great Man-Made River Project in Libya. It consists of over 2,800 kilometers (1,740 miles) of underground pipes that transport fresh water from ancient fossil aquifers deep beneath the Sahara Desert to cities and farms. Excellence and Relevance 02 2 COMMON MATERIALS Factors on choosing a material are: durability, aesthetics, cost, practicality, & safety. Stainless Steel Common for kitchen sinks and faucets. Durable, resistant to corrosion & heat. Ceramic Usually for bathroom sinks, toilets, and bathtubs. Durable, resistant to stains & bacteria. Excellence and Relevance 02 2 COMMON MATERIALS Copper Pipes and some fixtures. Durable, capable of withstanding high temperatures, and resistant to corrosion. Brass Used for faucets and other fixtures. Highly durable, corrosion-resistant, and able to endure high water pressure. Plastic Used for pipes and some fixtures. Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and relatively inexpensive. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  TYPES OF PIPES Excellence and Relevance 02 2  TYPES OF PIPES METAL PIPES Steel Galvanized steel Carbon steel Stainless steel Copper Cast Iron Galvanized steel Carbon steel Steel pipes dipped in a Steel alloy with iron and carbon. protective zinc coating. Vulnerable to rust and corrosion, Corrosion-resistant due to the particularly in humid zinc coating. environment. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  TYPES OF PIPES PLASTIC PIPES PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Most common type used for water supply & drainages. Affordable, durable, and easy to install. CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) More resistant to high temperatures and pressures than PVC, making it ideal for hot water supply systems. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  TYPES OF PIPES PLASTIC PIPES PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene) Resistant to corrosion and flexible. HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) Strong and flexible pipe Typically used for underground water supply and gas distribution systems. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  TYPES OF PIPES CONCRETE PIPES RCP (Reinforced Concrete Pipe) Commonly used for drainage systems, sewers, and irrigation. Durable and can withstand heavy loads. PCCP (Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe) These pipes are used for large-diameter water supply and sewage systems. Combines concrete's strong compressive strength and steel's high tensile strength to create a durable structure Excellence and Relevance 02 2  TYPES OF PIPES OTHERS Composite Pipes Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Composite Plastic Pipes Lead Clay Pipes Excellence and Relevance 02 2 PIPE FITTINGS Components that connect, redirect, reduce, seal, or terminate pipes, enabling fluid flow, structural support, and system customization efficiently. Couplings Tees Joins two pipes, Diverts or maintaining combines flow into continuous and secure three pipe flow. connections. Used for repairs. Elbows Reducers Changes pipe Connects pipes, direction, typically transitioning to a at 45 or 90 smaller or larger size. degrees. Excellence and Relevance 02 2 PIPE FITTINGS Components connect, redirect, reduce, seal, or terminate pipes, enabling fluid flow, structural support, and system customization efficiently. Flanges Caps and Plugs Bolted Closes or seals connection for the ends of pipes, pipes enabling secure joint assembly. Adapters Converts or connects pipes of different types or sizes. Excellence and Relevance 02 2 PIPE FITTINGS Components connect, redirect, reduce, seal, or terminate pipes, enabling fluid flow, structural support, and system customization efficiently. Unions Allows quick disconnection Valves and reconnection of pipe Regulates, directs, or stops fluid sections. flow in pipelines. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  PLUMBING FIXTURES An exchangeable device that connects to a plumbing system to deliver and discharge water. Toilets Showers Bathtubs Drinking Fountains Sink Bidets Urinals Hose Bibs Faucets Excellence and Relevance 02 2  APPLICATIONS Pipes, fittings, and plumbing fixtures have extensive applications in various real-world settings due to their role in ensuring the efficient transport of water, wastewater, and other fluids. FIRE SAFETY DRAINAGE DISTRIBUTION SANITARY Excellence and Relevance 02 2  FIRE SAFETY APPLICATIONS Sprinkler Systems Pipes transport water to sprinklers placed throughout a building. Commonly uses galvanized steel or CPVC to withstand pressure and corrosion. Sprinkler Heads automatically activate when heat exceeds a specific threshold, spraying water over the affected area. Standpipe Systems Vertical pipes installed in stairwells or hallways, providing firefighters direct access to water supply. Used in high-rise buildings and large facilities where hose extension is impractical. Fire Suppression Systems (Non-Water-Based) Gas Suppression Systems where pipes deliver gases like CO2, FM-200, or inert gases to suppress fire without damaging sensitive equipment. Foam Suppression Systems where pipes distribute foam to smother fires, especially in areas with flammable liquids (e.g., oil depots, refineries). Excellence and Relevance 02 2  DRAINAGE APPLICATIONS Surface Drainage Systems Pipes using materials like PVC, HDPE, concrete, or cast iron, chosen based on application and load requirements. Includes gutters, drains, and channels to prevent water pooling and erosion. Subsurface Drainage Systems Perforated pipes, gravel, and geotextiles to guide water to an outlet, are used to remove excess water from below the ground surface to prevent soil saturation. Used in golf courses and other parks and sporting facilities to maintain greens and fairways, and ensure playability and prevent waterlogging. Stormwater Drainage Systems Stormwater Retention Basins are used for temporary storage for rainwater to control discharge rates into rivers or drainage systems. Prevents flooding and erosion downstream, manage rainwater runoff from parking lots and landscaped areas. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  DISTRIBUTION APPLICATIONS Water Distribution Systems Deliver clean, potable water to households, businesses, and industries. Gravity Systems: Use elevated reservoirs to supply water by gravity. Pump-Driven Systems: Rely on pumps to maintain pressure. Combined Systems: Combine gravity and pumps for better efficiency. Gas Distribution Systems Transport natural gas or LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) through pipelines. Include high-pressure transmission lines and low-pressure distribution pipelines for end-users. Telecommunications Distribution Systems Deliver internet, phone, and television services using fiber optics, coaxial cables, or wireless networks. Valves and Regulators Control the flow rate, pressure, and direction of resources. Examples include gate valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  SANITARY APPLICATIONS Sewage Collection Pipes Pipes carry domestic, commercial, and industrial wastewater to centralized treatment plants. Integrate with ventilation systems to release gases like methane and hydrogen sulfide safely, and ensure continuous flow through gravity or pressure systems, avoiding stagnation. Septic Tanks Transport wastewater from the building's plumbing system to the septic tank. Ensure a steady flow into the tank while minimizing turbulence that could disturb settled solids, and carry partially treated effluent from the septic tank to the drain field or leach field for further treatment. Treatment Plants Carry chemicals like coagulants, disinfectants (chlorine), or pH adjusters to dosing points. Distribute air or oxygen in aeration tanks during biological treatment processes. Transport sludge generated during treatment to dewatering units or disposal points. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  Summary Pipes and fittings enable the safe transport of water, gas, and waste, forming the foundation of plumbing systems. Plumbing fixtures like sinks, faucets, and toilets ensure hygiene and convenience in daily life. Common materials, including stainless steel, ceramic, copper, and plastic, are selected based on durability, cost, and practicality. Effective plumbing systems are essential for sanitation and functionality, shaping both residential and commercial spaces. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  Key Takeaways: 1. Pipes and Fittings Serve as the foundation of plumbing systems, ensuring the efficient and safe transportation of water, gas, or waste. Fittings, such as elbows, tees, and couplings, allow flexibility in design by connecting pipes and altering flow direction or size. 2. Plumbing Fixtures Devices like sinks, toilets, and faucets connect to plumbing systems, enabling essential daily activities such as bathing, cooking, and cleaning. These fixtures are vital for promoting hygiene, convenience, and functionality in both residential and commercial spaces. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  Key Takeaways: 3. Material Selection Common materials include stainless steel, ceramic, copper, brass, and plastic, each chosen for specific purposes based on durability, aesthetics, cost, and practicality. For example, stainless steel is common in kitchen sinks, while ceramic is widely used for bathroom fixtures due to its resistance to stains and bacteria. 4. Global Scale of Plumbing Systems The Great Man-Made River Project in Libya is the world’s largest plumbing system, with over 2,800 km of pipes transporting fresh water from aquifers beneath the Sahara Desert. 5. Critical Role of Plumbing Systems Properly designed and maintained plumbing systems contribute to sanitation, safety, and functionality in buildings, highlighting their importance in daily life. Excellence and Relevance 02 2  Thank you for listening! Presented By: Barillo, Jersey Bernaldez, Ryne Raphael Ewag, Jerome Keefe Ramos, Jhon Patrick Saron, Alyssa Danica Mae Excellence and Relevance