IGCSE Physics Topical Notes (Chapter 1) PDF

Chapter 1 : Motion, Forces And Energy - physical quantities and motion measurement...

Chapter 1 : Motion, Forces And Energy - physical quantities and motion measurement techniques speed is distance travelled per & W/O air resistance Falling object Rulers and measuring cylinders are for length and unit time object falls with same acceleration , volume Velocity is speed in a given direction speed of falling object increases at a steady rate total distance travelled variety of clocks measuring a time intervals using Average speed = total time taken and timer Falling object with air resistance digital Acceleration is change in velocity In uniform gravitational field objects sum of all values , Average Value : number of values per unit time a =A experience weight and friction. line= n The force of air resistance increases with Period of oscillation- time taken/number of ↑ swings steeper speed. higher speed of falling object. decrease decelerating SCALAR increasing speed constan speed e -. initially the upward air resistance isn't high · quantities that only have magnitude af rest > ↳ accelerating meaning there is unbalanced forces time as air resistance increases · distance is also scalar as it has no direction time , · Eg Speed time mass energy : and temperature , , , , · speed-gradient of distance-time Itenoughtobalancedownwardright VECTORS accelerationgradient of speed-time of object forces are balanced. · =. , * distance travelled= area under the the object now falls at constant · quantities that have both magnitude and direction speed-time graph speed. called Terminal Velocity. · Velocity is also vector because it is ~ necessary to mention A deceleration is negative acceleration and use this in calculations both its speed and the direction. · Eg force weight : acceleration momentum electric field strength Acceleration of free fall for , , , , g and gravitational field strength. near to the surface of force of an object the resultant two vectors at right angles the earth is approximately constant Calculation graphically draw and is approx constant and is N N T on graph find angle draw resultant 9 8 m/52. Pythagoras using 5m/s2 Vector , measure length 4 resultant 52 + 52 SOH CAH TOA forces for force and use a 50 N , , ~= > protracter for 5 M/52 > angle *- density & mass and weight S volume Mass : a measure of the quantity of matter in an Density is mass per unit object at rest relative to the observer. = Where p p = density Weight a gravitational force on an object that : m = mass has mass. V-volume weight is the effect of a gravitational field How to determine density in solids. strength on mass. Regular solid irregular solid Gravitational field * Weight = Mass x strength.. 9 Wm W W M MG = = = - g width , · measure length , · place object into a measuring Gravitational field strength is force per unit height 3 multiply to find Cup till it is submerged in mass This is equivalent to acceleration of free : volgume water, the increase in water fall.. Place object on balance · volume is the volume. (and mass) can be Weights compared using to find its mass. Place · object on a balance balance. a * p = M to find mass · p = m Which object floats ? with density lower than that of liquid any object a will float above the liquid. If liquid doesn't mix, does it float ? lower density liquids float on denser liquids if not mixed. - Chapter 1 : Motion, Forces And Energy Chapter 1 : Motion, Forces And Energy useful total energy energy in out wasted energy wasted energy