Media and Information Literacy Notes PDF

QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) 2 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS LESSON 1.1...

QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) 2 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS LESSON 1.1 A.​ (2) BASED ON COMMUNICATION INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA & INFORMATION CHANNELS LITERACY ​ COMMUNICATION CHANNELS - It refers to ​ COMMUNICATION (Latin: “communicare” the medium/method used by the sender to - to share) - It is the process of relaying communicate a message to the receiver. information from sender to receiver. It is a purposeful act where a person imparts 1.​ VERBAL - It is the most frequently used information between participants. communication channel that uses languages ○​ SHAWN GRIMSLEY (2003) - and words. It may be in oral/written form. Communication is the process of sending and receiving information 1.1 VERBAL ORAL - It is the method where between two or more people. ​ both speak or talk face-to-face or personally. ​ SENDER - It refers to the person sending the 1.2 VERBAL WRITTEN - It is the exchange of message. ​ information through written texts via SMS, ​ letters, or even flyers. ​ RECEIVER - It refers to the person receiving a message. 2.​ NON-VERBAL - It refers to the use of behaviors, facial expressions, body languages, and signs and symbols to relay messages. It is 7 COMMUNICATION PROCESS & ELEMENTS helpful when trying to understand one’s thoughts and feelings. 1.​ SENDER - It is the one who starts the conversation and has ideas about what to 2.1 BODY LANGUAGE - It is the use of share. ​ physical behavior, expressions & mannerisms. 2.​ ENCODING - It is the process of turning 2.2 FACIAL EXPRESSION - It is universal thoughts into messages. ​ and can convey thought or feeling even ​ without saying a word. 3.​ MESSAGE - It refers to the verbal/non-verbal behaviors that are conveyed. It may be 2.3 SIGNS & SYMBOLS - It refers to objects written, oral, symbolic, or non-verbal such as ​ and images that are also tools which can be body gestures. ​ used to communicate non-verbally. 4.​ CHANNEL - It refers to the medium or tool B.​ (2) BASED ON STYLE AND PURPOSE used by the sender/receiver to communicate. 1.​ FORMAL - It refers to predefined channels set 5.​ RECEIVER - It is the one who interprets the by organizations. It has rules to follow such as message. professional rules, policies, standards, processes and regulations. It is usually seen in 6.​ DECODE - It is the process where the receiver speeches, meetings, memos, and interprets the message. presentations. 7.​ FEEDBACK - It is the final step where the 2.​ INFORMAL - It refers to the casual form of receiver provides a response/reaction or communicating that does not follow rules or conveys their understanding to the sender’s commands. It happens between families, message. relatives, friends and is usually referred to as grapevine. MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 1  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) democracy which allows the public to ​ GRAPEVINE - It spreads throughout the generate its own opinion and in turn organization in all directions without any becomes an influence to the society. regard to the levels of authority. ​ INFORMATION - It is a broad term that can 3 BASIC CONCEPTS AND MODELS OF cover data, knowledge, derived from study, COMMUNICATION experience or instruction, signals or symbols. -​ In the media world, it is often used to describe knowledge of specific events 1.​ TRANSACTIONAL (SIMULTANEOUS) - It is or situations that has been gathered or the continuous exchange of information in received by communication, which both sender & recipient are engaged and intelligence, or news. take turns communicating. ​ INFORMATION LITERACY - It is the ability 2.​ INTERACTIVE (Q & A) - It refers to the to recognize when information is needed and two-way method of communication with to locate, evaluate, effectively use, and feedback. communication information in its various formats. 3.​ LINEAR MODEL - It is a model that proposes communication only moves in one direction. ​ TECHNOLOGY - It is the device that we use The sender encodes a message and then sends to communicate. It is science in industry it via a specific channel to the receiver. engineering to invent useful things to solve problems. Read here: What is Communication? Verbal, Non-Verbal, Types of Communication Summary of Lesson Read example here: 7 Steps of Communication Process | StudyMassCom.com INFORMATION WHAT do we communicate MEDIA, INFORMATION & TECHNOLOGY MEDIA HOW do we communicate TECHNOLOGY WHAT can we use to ​ MEDIA (Medium: singular) - It is the communicate channel used to transmit or communicate information. -​ It is the combination of physical objects used to communicate or mass media communication through physical objects such as radio, television, computer, telephone, mobile phone, film, and etc. ​ MEDIA LITERACY - It is the ability to analyze and synthesize symbols and messages through media. -​ It is the ability to read, analyze, evaluate (judge) and produce communication in a variety of media forms such as TV, print, radio, computer, and others. -​ It deals with having the ability to identify issues that may impact MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 2  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) LESSON 1.2 -​ Understand the structure of information. -​ Use indexes and other search tools THE POWER OF LITERACY effectively and efficiently. ​ MEDIA - It refers to any channel of 3.​ EVALUATE - One need to do this to the communication used to transmit messages. information and the sources that accompany it in a critical manner. ​ MEDIA LITERACY - The ability to analyze and -​ Understand the different types of synthesize the symbols and messages through sources and formats, and how to use media. them. -​ Evaluate the relevance and reliability 4 SKILLS IN MEDIA LITERACY of the information retrieved. 1.​ Accessing media 4.​ SYNTHESIZE - One needs to do this to the 2.​ Adept in creating media for self expression and information retrieved, integrate it into one’s communication current knowledge base, and successfully 3.​ Adept in evaluating messages apply it to the original information needed. 4.​ Analyzing content 5.​ PRESENT - One needs to do this to this newly ​ WHAT DOES EDUCATING PEOPLE ABOUT acquired knowledge so that others can use it. MEDIA LITERACY PROMOTES? -​ Determine the audience’s needs and -​ Promotes awareness of media the best presentation format. influence and establishes an active -​ Properly cite sources. stance towards both consuming and creating media. 6.​ TRANSLATE - One needs to do this to these abilities and concepts to new projects and ​ WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU EDUCATE disciplines. CHILDREN TO HAVE A CRITICAL EYE TOWARDS MEDIA? ​ TECHNOLOGY - It is a combination of tools, -​ They can learn how to understand systems, and knowledge that humans use to information and communicate with interact with and shape their world, making other individuals more efficiently, life more convenient, productive, and which may impact their lives. connected. ​ INFORMATION LITERACY - It is the result of ​ TECHNOLOGY LITERACY - It is the ability to combining skills in various aspects such as find, evaluate, use, share, and make content research, critical thinking, computer, and with the tools provided by the internet. communication that are essential for academic success, effective functioning, in the ​ DEEP LEARNING - It is an essential workplace, and participation in society. component of digital literacy. 6 SKILLS IN INFORMATION LITERACY 6 CORE SKILLS OF DEEP LEARNING IN DIGITAL (INFORMATION LITERATE - STIPLE) LITERACY 1.​ IDENTIFY - It is what they need to do to the 1.​ CHARACTER - It includes traits such as grit, needed information and determine the extent tenacity, perseverance, and resilience with a or scale of the required information. desire to make learning an integral part of living. 2.​ LOCATE - One needs to do this and retrieve relevant sources of information. MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 3  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) 2.​ CITIZENSHIP - It is the ability to consider LESSON 2.1 issues and solve complex problems based on a deep understanding of diverse values and a HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION worldview. 3.​ COLLABORATION - It is the ability to work ​ Prehistoric Age (Ancient Times) collaboratively with others with strong ​ Industrial Age (15th-18th Centuries) interpersonal and team-related skills. ​ Electromechanical Age (19th Century) ​ Electronic Age (20th Century) 4.​ CREATIVITY - It is the ability to weigh up ​ Information Age (21st Century) opportunities in an entrepreneurial manner and ask the right questions to generate new PREHISTORIC AGE ideas. ​ PREHISTORIC AGE - It refers to the time 5.​ CRITICAL THINKING - This skill refers to the before the existence of written or recorded ability to evaluate information and arguments, history. According to archaeologists, the identify patterns and connections, and Prehistoric Age occurred some 4.5 million construct meaningful knowledge and apply it years ago or approximately 30, 000 years ago. in the real world. -​ They used stone tools and metals as part of their daily activities like hunting 6.​ COMMUNICATION - It is communicating and gathering. They also used crude effectively through a variety of methods and stone tools to create things tools to a range of different audiences. considered rock art. ​ CAVE PAINTINGS - They were made by the Homo Sapiens that appeared around 130,000 B.C.E The pigments used in this method are made from the juice of fruits and berries, colored minerals, or animal blood, which were then used to create depictions or illustrations of primitive life on the cave walls. 2 KINDS OF ROCK ART IN PREHISTORIC AGE 1.​ PETROGLYPHS - They can be carvings in rocks or caves. 2.​ PICTOGRAPHS - They represent words and phrases through images or symbols. ​ PAPYRUS - It was found in Egypt (2500 BC). ​ CLAY TABLETS - It was found in Mesopotamia (2400 BC). ​ ACTA DIURNA - It was found in Rome (130 BC). MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 4  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) 7 WORKS IN THE PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE (BEFORE between sending of the letter and reaching its 1700s) recipient is too long. 1.​ Cave paintings (35000 BC) ​ TYPEWRITER - It is a mechanical or 2.​ Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC) electromechanical machine for writing 3.​ Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) characters similar to those produced by 4.​ Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC) printer’s movable type. A typewriter operates 5.​ Dibao in China (2nd Century) by means of keys that strike a ribbon to 6.​ Codex in the Mayan Region (5th century) transmit ink or carbon impressions onto paper. 7.​ Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD) ​ TELEPHONE - It was invented by Alexander INDUSTRIAL AGE Graham Bell in 1876. The telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large ​ INDUSTRIAL AGE - It occurred during the distances. industrial revolution in Great Britain. This period brought in economic and societal ​ TELEGRAPH - It refers to any device or changes, such as the substitution of handy system that allows the transmission of tools with machines like the power loom and information by coded signal over distance. the steam engine. -​ It was recognized as being invented by -​ The transformation of the Samuel F.B Morse, but his 1873 manufacturing industry, and version was far from being the commercial enterprise for mass original. Long before that, an production of various products Englishman named William Watson occurred. had apparently devised a way to send -​ Also, long-distance communication messages via Telegraph in 1747. became possible via telegraph, a system used for transmitting ​ MOTION PICTURE messages. PHOTOGRAPHY/PROJECTION - The history of film technology traces the development of ​ PRINTING PRESS - It was invented by the film technology from the initial development of German Inventor, Johann Gutenberg in “moving pictures” at the end of 19th century 1448. He envisioned a device that implements to the present time. movable type using blocks with pre-printed text. The combination of this method along with paper, ink, and a printing press allowed ELECTRONIC AGE for books to be manufactured and reduced its cost. ​ ELECTRONIC AGE - It started when people utilized the power of electricity that made ​ NEWSPAPER (THE LONDON GAZETTE) - It electronic devices like transistor radio and claims to be the oldest surviving English television work. Newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the UK, having been ​ RADIO - It became the new form of first published on 7 November 1665 as The communication and entertainment device Oxford Gazette. during the early 1900's after being a short-wave communication device at the end ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE of World War I. ​ PHOTOGRAPHY - In the early 1800’s, its first ​ For centuries, letter writing has been used as a attempts began but produced poor results. method of communication. However, it was considered inefficient since the travel period MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 5  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) ​ NEGATIVE - It is the discovery of using LESSON 2.2 reverse which greatly enhanced the status of photography as an art form. TRADITIONAL MEDIA VS. NEW MEDIA ​ TELEVISION - It made its official debut at the New York World’s Fair back in 1939. ​ TRADITIONAL MEDIA - It refers to products and services used to transmit information ​ TV SETS - In the late 1940s, as the prices for without the use of computers and internet. Televisions dropped, a large portion of This includes print publications, broadcast, and households started having this. other physical or non-digital media outlets. -​ These forms of communication are ​ MAINFRAME COMPUTERS - These are consistent methods that businesses high-performance computers with large use to reach both consumers and amounts of memory and data processors that other companies for decades. process billions of simple calculations and -​ These are cornerstones of advertising transactions in real time. and the most common forms of media utilized by businesses on a daily basis. ​ PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC) - It is a microcomputer designed for use by one person 8 EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA at a time. 1.​ Banner ads ​ OVERHEAD PROJECTOR - It is a simple and 2.​ Billboards and off-site signs reliable form of a projector. They are used to 3.​ Cold calling project images or written material onto a wall 4.​ Direct mail advertisements or screen. 5.​ Door-to-door sales 6.​ Print Advertising 7.​ Radio Advertising; and INFORMATION AGE 8.​ Television Advertisements ​ INFORMATION AGE - It is also known as the ​ NEW MEDIA - It refers to products and digital age. This period signified the use of the services that provide information using worldwide web through an internet connection. computers or the internet. -​ It is often characterized as highly ​ Communication became faster and easier with interactive digital technology. The the use of social networks or social media internet, websites, computer platforms such as Facebook, Messenger, multimedia, games, CD-ROMS, and Instagram, Twitter, among others. DVDs are examples of these. -​ It is challenging the way people across ​ MICROELECTRONICS - The use of this and the world are entertained and the rapid technological advancement and consume information. innovation led to the development of laptops, netbooks, mobile phones, and wearable 5 TYPES OF NEW MEDIA COMMONLY USED technology. 1.​ BLOG - It is a website or web page that is updated regularly and is written in a casual style. Users can easily access and search for information since they are organized in a simple way. Blogs typically contain mixed media including texts, photos, and videos. MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 6  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) 2.​ DIGITAL GAMES - These are any interactive LESSON 2.3 programs that provide entertainment for one or more players. They have electronic or INFORMATION LITERACY digital systems, rules, player presentation, and environment. They are known in building and community. ​ INFORMATION ETHICS - It refers to the branch of ethics that addresses the proper and 3.​ DIGITAL NEWSPAPERS - It is a newspaper improper uses of information and technology created digitally and is available online via the for decision making. internet. Just like blogs, it also contains mixed media that are easily accessed and searched. ​ INFORMATION LITERACY - It is the set of -​ COMMENT FEATURE - It is the skills that are required to identify, retrieve, method users use to interact with one organize, and analyze information. another in digital newspapers. ​ ROBERT HAUPTMAN - He coined the term 4.​ SOCIAL MEDIA - It is highly interactive since “information ethics” and used it in the book it relies heavily on the participation of users to “Ethical Challenges in Librarianship”. provide value. These platforms allow creating and sharing content among users. ​ INFORMATION LITERACY - It involves recognizing, evaluating, and effectively using 5.​ VIRTUAL REALITY - This type of technology information. It is crucial for accurate research, simulates an environment along with the enabling individuals to find necessary user’s physical appearance and sensory information for decision-making. experience. It typically uses a special headset or a computer screen. ​ INFORMATION LITERATE - They possess the capability to discern the quality of information, acknowledging that not all information is reliable, especially on the ever-changing internet. 6 PROCESSES OF INFORMATION LITERACY 1.​ Recognize problems and create questions; 2.​ Make a plan for finding information and solutions; 3.​ Formulate hypotheses and make predictions; 4.​ Find the credibility of the sources; 5.​ Organize and synthesize all gathered information, 6.​ Make conclusions and process understanding 5 COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION LITERACY Information literacy provides the keys to academic achievement and lifelong learning of an individual. 1.​ Identify 2.​ Find 3.​ Evaluate 4.​ Apply 5.​ Acknowledge MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 7  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) INFORMATION ETHICS LESSON 6 ​ INFORMATION ETHICS - It has been defined MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES as the branch of ethics that addresses the proper and improper uses of information and ​ INFORMATION - It refers to any organized technology for personal, professional, and data, details, and knowledge about a particular public decision making. subject that can be obtained from various sources. 4 ETHICAL DILEMMA IN THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ​ INFORMATION SOURCE - It can be a person, object, or place wherein information 1.​ Computer Crimes - These are illegal originates from or is acquired. activities such as theft, financial fraud, embezzlement, online harassment, virus 3 TYPES OF RESOURCES infection and sabotage that are done with the use of computers. 1.​ PRIMARY SOURCES - It contains first-hand information written by someone based on 2.​ Intellectual Property - This includes the personal experiences or studies. name, designs, inventions, images, and -​ It refers to original materials on which symbols that are used by a company in the other materials are based. process of business creation. -​ It can be used when making claims or criticisms, as evidence for theories, or 3.​ Job Displacement - Requiring a lesser when gaining timely perspectives on a amount of deployed manpower can be caused topic. by using Information Technology, and this -​ EXAMPLES: diaries and journals, created ethical dilemmas by forcing some diplomatic records, films, interviews, companies to reduce their workforce. manuscripts, music and arts, news articles, novels, etc 4.​ Software Piracy - Illegal copying of software violates copyright agreements. 2.​ SECONDARY SOURCES - It can be anything that describes, summarizes, or evaluates the ​ LICENSED USER - It refers to the person who details from primary sources. buys software rather than being known as an -​ It is analytically interpreted by another owner of the software. author, often based on personal perspectives. -​ It is good for gathering background information on a topic and seeing what others have discussed. -​ EXAMPLES: articles, bibliography, biography, essay, magazine, textbook, thesis, website, etc 3.​ TERTIARY SOURCES - It refers to contained summarized and reorganized information usually based on primary and secondary sources. -​ It is reformatted and condensed to make it more convenient and easier to understand. MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 8  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) -​ EXAMPLES: Almanac, Chronology, MAGAZINE Database, Dictionary, Directory, Encyclopedia, Handbook, Yearbook, PROS CONS etc. Often printed in an High cost PROS AND CONS OF USING COMMON MEDIA AS attractive way RESOURCES High graphic print Limited reach quality ARTICLE Longer durability of Cluttered message PROS CONS Checked by experts Usually one-sided Sources and research Cannot be updated from NEWSPAPERS are current time to time PROS CONS Detailed and organized Shortened by the information article’s author Simple and inexpensive Short life and news are late by a day Covers and provides the Largely ignored by the latest news, both local younger generation BOOKS and international PROS CONS Entertaining and wide Poor print quality perspective Comprehensive Can become out of date information or obsolete Reliable Inconvenient to carry around TELEVISION Provide organized units Takes too much time to PROS CONS of work read Up-to-date source of Less social interaction information Some channels are Indecent programs INTERNET/WEB educational PROS CONS Entertaining Quality of programs Unlimited access to Illegal activity information Endless entertainment Threat of viruses Higher response quality A lot of wrong information MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 9  QUARTER 3: Media & Information Literacy MIL 2ND SEMESTER | 2024-2025 | (Instructor) INTERNET AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION 4.​ WEBSITE AND BLOGS - Researchers, experts or anyone knowledgeable often use these to share their knowledge with the ​ INTERNET - It provides the widest variety of general public. information. In the 21st century, information -​ Due to easy access to the general on the internet comes in many different forms public, some might share false which makes it harder to distinguish which are information. reliable or not. 5.​ WIKIPEDIA - Almost anything is found in the 5 THINGS TO CONSIDER IN FINDING THE MOST website - some are reliable some are not. USEFUL AND RELEVANT INFORMATION -​ It is open and can be edited by the (RAVAT) public. -​ Since they are anonymous, there is no 1.​ RELIABILITY - Is it verified and evaluated? Is way to determine their knowledge and the source trustworthy? expertise. 2.​ ACCURACY - Is the content close to the needed date? 3.​ VALUE - Does it help in making or improving decisions? 4.​ AUTHORITY - Who published the information? Is he credible? 5.​ TIMELINESS - When was it published or acquired? Is it still applicable today? OTHER TIPS IN DETERMINING AND CHOOSING INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET ​ Check the author, date of publication, citations and domain ​ Look for facts ​ Compare with others source for accuracy SOURCES ON THE INTERNET 1.​ ACADEMIC ARTICLES - These are written by researchers for students, educators, or anyone who wants to learn. -​ It includes original research and extensive bibliography. 2.​ MAGAZINE AND NEWSPAPER ARTICLES - It is open to the general public. -​ It is written by authors or journalists who have consulted reliable sources and editors. 3.​ PROFESSIONAL CONTENT - It is written by practitioners in a field to impart practice-oriented information. -​ Some are free but some require payment to see full text. MIL SALONGA, KRISTINE D. | 12-STEM6 10