Communication Process & Channels

• Communication
• Derived from the Latin word "communicare", meaning to share.
• A process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver.
• A purposeful act of imparting information

Shawn Grimsley (2003) Definition of Communication:

• Communication is the process of sending and receiving information between two or more people.

Communication Participants

• Sender: The person sending the message.
• Receiver: The person receiving the message.

Seven Elements of the Communication Process:

• Sender: Initiates the conversation with ideas to share.Enconding: Translates thoughts into a message.
• Message: Verbal or non-verbal behaviors that are conveyed, including written, oral, symbolic, or non-verbal cues like body gestures.
• Channel: The medium or tool used for communication between sender and receiver.
• Receiver: Interprets the message.
• Decode: The receiver interprets the message.
• Feedback: The receiver provides a response or reaction, indicating their understanding of the sender's message.

Types of Communication Channels Based on Communication Channels:

• Communication Channels: The medium used by the sender to convey the message.

Verbal Communication:

• Is the most frequently used channel, utilizing languages and words in oral or written form.
• Verbal Oral: Face-to-face or personal speaking.
• Verbal Written: Information exchange through written texts like SMS, letters, flyers.

Non-Verbal Communication:

• Uses behaviors, facial expressions, body language, signs, and symbols.
• Body Language: Physical behavior, expressions, and mannerisms.
• Facial Expression: Conveys thoughts/feelings universally, even without words.
• Signs & Symbols: Objects/images used to communicate non-verbally.

Types of Communication Channels Based on Style and Purpose:

• Formal Communication: Predefined channels set by organizations with rules, policies, standards, and processes, often seen in speeches and meetings.
• Informal Communication: Casual communication without strict rules, such as between family, relatives, and friends. Often referred to as grapevine.Grapevine: Spreads throughout the organization in all directions, disregarding authority levels.

Basic Concepts and Models of Communication:

• Transactional (Simultaneous): Continuous information exchange where sender and recipient take turns communicating. Two-way communication with feedback.
• Linear Model: Communication moves in one direction, from sender to receiver, via a specific channel.

Media

• Medium as singular
• The channel used to transmit information.
• It combines physical objects.
• Mass media communication uses physical objects

Media Literacy

• The ability to analyze and synthesize symbols and messages through media.
• Encompasses the ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication across various media forms.
• Addresses issues impacting democracy by enabling public opinion and influence.

Information

• Covers data, knowledge derived from study, experience etc
• Describes knowledge of specific events gathered by communication, intelligence or news

Information Literacy

• Locates, evaluates, and effectively uses information in various formats.

Technology

• Devices used to communicate
• Science in industry engineering solving problems
• What We Communicate: Information
• How We Communicate: Media
• What Can We Use To Communicate: Technology

Lesson 1.2: The Power of Literacy

• Media: Any communication channel used to transmit messages.
• Media Literacy: The ability to analyze and synthesize symbols and messages in media.

Four Skills

• Accessing Media : Gaining entry into the media landscape.
• Creating Media : Self-expression through adept media creation
• Adept evaluating messages: Skillful assessment of conveyed messages.
• Analyzing Content: Breaking them down for patterns and context

Importance of Media Literacy Education

• Promotes awareness of media influence.
• Establishes an active stance towards consuming and creating media.

Educating Children with a Critical Eye Towards Media:

• Enhances understanding of information.

• Improves communication with others, potentially impacting their lives.

• Information Literacy: Combining research, critical thinking, computer skills, and communication for academic success and participation in society.

Six Skills in Information Literacy (STIPLE):

• Identify: Determine needed information and scope.

• Locate: Retrieve relevant sources.

• Synthesize: Integrate retrieved information into knowledge and apply.

• Present: Share knowledge effectively, cite sources.

• Translate - Apply new abilities to new projects

• Technology: Combination of tools and knowledge used to interact with and shape the world for convenience, productivity, and connection.

• Technology Literacy: Ability to find, evaluate, use, share, and create content with internet tools.

• Deep Learning: Is an essential component of digital literacy

Deep Learning in Digital Literacy:

• Character: Grit, tenacity, perseverance, and resilience.
• Citizenship - Ability to see the big picture and solve problems based on tolerance and different cultures
• Collaboration - To work with others strongly
• Creativity - Thinking outside the box and generating new Ideas
• Critical Thinking - Figuring out patterns, thinking about your knowledge, and using the information correctly
• Communication - Communicating information in different ways to any type of audience, in any place.

Lesson 2.1: History of Communication

• Prehistoric Age (Ancient Times) Industrial Age (15th-18th Centuries)
• Electromechanical Age (19th Century)
• Electronic Age (20th Century)
• Information Age (21st Century)

Prehistoric Age

• Prehistoric Age: Time before written history. Appeared 4.5 millions years ago.

• Tools: Stone and metals used in daily life.

• Rock Art: Crude stone tools for creating rock art.

• Cave Paintings: Homo sapiens appeared 130,000 BCE.

  • Pigments from fruits, minerals, and animal blood used to depict primitive life on cave walls.

Kinds of Rock Art in the Prehistoric Age:

• Petroglyphs: Carvings in rocks or caves.

• Pictographs: Images or symbols representing words and phrases.

• Papyrus: Found in Egypt (2500 BC).

• Clay Tablets: Found in Mesopotamia (2400 BC).

• Acta Diurna: Found in Rome (130 BC).

Works in the Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)

• Timeline: Cave paintings (35000 BC), clay tablets (2400 BC), papyrus (2500 BC)
• Timeline: Acta Diurna (130 BC), Dibao (2nd Century), Codex (5th century), printing press (220 AD)

Industrial Age:

• Occurred during the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.
• Replaced handy tools with machines reducing costs.
• Long-distance communication via telegraph.
• Printing Press: Invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1448, using movable type.
• Reduced the cost of books.
• Newspaper (The London Gazette): Oldest surviving English newspaper, first published in 1665.

Electromechanical Age

• Letter writing was inefficient.
• Typewriter: Mechanical machine for writing characters.
• Telephone Developed in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell
• Telegraph: Device for transmitting information by coded signals over distance credited to Samuel F.B Morse version

Electronic Age:

• People used electricity for devices like radios and televisions.
• Radio became communication and entertainment device of early 1900s
• Photography's initial attempts in the early 1800s had poor results.
• Negative: enhanced photography as an art form with the discovery
• Television: Made its debut at the New York World's Fair
• TV Sets: Became common in households as prices dropped in the late 1940s.
• Mainframe Computers: high-performance computers for large amounts of memory Personal Computer PC

Information Age:

• Also known as the Digital Age, marked by internet use.
• Communication quickened via social networks.
• Microelectronics: Led to laptops, mobile phones, and wearable tech.

Lesson 2.2: Traditional Media vs. New Media

• Traditional Media: Products and services used to transmit information without computers/internet.
  • Includes prints, broadcasts, and physical media
• New Media: Products/services providing info via computers/internet.
  • Characterized by highly interactive digital technology like the internet

Examples

• New types of media are internet, websites, computer multimedia and Games.

Types of New Media

• Blogs: web page updated and contains texts,photos and videos

Explore the functions of communication channels and their impact on effective communication. Identify the most suitable channels for different situations, including urgent updates and emotional expression. Understand the role of non-verbal cues in conveying messages.