Media and Information Literacy PDF

Media and Information Literacy Becoming the B.E.S.T. Digital Citizen (Build. Engage. Sustain. Transform) ROSARIO M. MUYCO SUBJECT TEACHER  LESSON OVERVIEW UNESCO defines Media and Information Literacy as a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access...

Media and Information Literacy Becoming the B.E.S.T. Digital Citizen (Build. Engage. Sustain. Transform) ROSARIO M. MUYCO SUBJECT TEACHER  LESSON OVERVIEW UNESCO defines Media and Information Literacy as a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access, retrieve, understand, evaluate, use, create as well as share information and media content in all formats, using various tools, in a critical, ethical and effective way, in order to participate and engage in personal, professional and societal activities.  LESSON OVERVIEW The Philippines is among the first countries to adopt Media and Information Literacy as part of the basic education curriculum. The Department of Education in the new K-12 Basic Education Curriculum included Media and Information Literacy as part of the Core Subjects under the Communication Learning Area for Senior High School (SHS) in Grades 11 or 12 with one-semester allocation. The Media and Information Literacy course introduces the learners to basic understanding of media and information as channels of communication and tools for the development of individuals and societies. It also aims to develop students to be creative and critical thinkers as well as responsible users and competent producers of media and information. Lesson The Role of Media in the 1 Communication Process The 21st Century Digital Literacy Basics  WHAT IS MEDIA? Source Definition ❖ the main ways that large numbers of people Oxford Learner’s receive information and entertainment that is Dictionary television, radio, newspapers, and the internet ❖ refers to the combination of physical objects used to communicate or mass communication through physical objects such as radio, UNESCO Media and television, computers, or film, etc. Information Literacy ❖ source of credible information in which Curriculum contents are provided through an editorial process determined by journalistic values, and therefore editorial accountability can be attributed to an organization or a legal person  Source Definition David Buckingham WHAT IS MEDIA? (2003), Director of ❖ something we use when we want to the London communicate with people indirectly, rather University Centre for than in person or by face-to-face contact the Study of Children, ❖ provide channels through which Youth and Media representations and images of the world can (Callison & Tilley, be communicated indirectly 2006) ❖ refers to the print medium of communication, which includes all newspapers, periodicals, magazines, journals, and publications and all advertising therein, and billboards, neon signs, Presidential Decree and the like and the broadcast medium of No. 1018 (1976) communication, which includes radio and television broadcasting in all their aspects and all other cinematographic or radio promotions and advertising The definitions above all suggest that media is an instrument for transmitting information – it’s the vehicle for a message. Books, films, paintings, songs, TV shows, poems, video games, magazines, radio podcasts, music videos, vlogs, newspapers, e-mails, tweets, posts, letters, traffic signs, graphics, Instagram stories – these are all media. It may range from print media, broadcast media, film or cinema, and new media or the Internet.  DATA VS. INFORMATION The terms “data” and “information” are often used interchangeably but aren’t the same. There are subtle differences between these components and their purpose. Data is defined as individual facts, while information is the organization and interpretation of those facts. Essentially, information is the result of analyzing and interpreting pieces of data.  WHAT IS INFORMATION? A broad term that covers processed and organized data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals, or symbols.  WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Comes from the Latin word “communicare”, which means to share or to make common (Weekley, 1967). It is defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning (Pearson & Nelson, 2000). With this, we can see how communication has a lot to do with information sharing and arriving at a common understanding. COMMUNICATION MODELS  HAROLD LASSWELL’S COMMUNICATION MODEL Figure 1.1 Lasswell’s Communication Model Harold Lasswell’s communication model shows a one-way transmission of information and simply illustrates how communication starts from a sender who transmits their message through a channel to an intended receiver, consequently with a corresponding effect. These channels may come in the form of spoken medium or through digital or technological instruments like phones, computers, and the like. This model attempts to answer the question, “Who says what to whom, through what medium, and with what effect?” Advantage of lasswell model: It is Easy and Simple It suits for almost all types of communication The concept of effect Disadvantage of lasswell model: Feedback not mentioned Noise not mentioned Linear Model Example: CNN NEWS – A water leak from Japan’s tsunami- crippled nuclear power station resulted in about 100 times the permitted level of radioactive material flowing into the sea, operator Tokyo Electric Power Co said on Saturday. Who – TEPC Operator What – Radioactive material flowing into sea Channel – CNN NEWS (Television medium) Whom – Public Effect – Alert the people of japan from the radiation.  SHANNON AND WEAVER’S COMMUNICATION MODEL Figure 1.2 Shannon and Weaver’s Communication Model A development of Lasswell’s model is a version by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver, which takes into account the concept of noise. Much like in Lasswell’s, this model also indicates how communication starts with the information source who then sends a message with the use of a transmitter (channel). The signals that are sent and received can vary depending on the method of communication. However, the difference between the models comes from the incorporation of the “noise.” Noise refers to anything that may interfere – stop or alter – the message being carried. DAVID BERLO’S SMCR COMMUNICATION MODEL Figure 1.3 Berlo’s Communication Model David Berlo developed Shannon and Weaver’s model, shifting the focus to the context, environment, and other factors surrounding the participants involved in the communication process. These factors include the following: Communication skills, such as reading, writing, speaking, listening, and watching. Knowledge about a subject or topic Attitude toward the topic and the audience Social and cultural aspects that influence the content of the message and the manner by which it is sent https://www.communicationtheory.org/wp- content/uploads/2010/02/process-of- communication-or-communication-loop.jpg https://www.communicationtheory.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/process-of- communication-or-communication-loop.jpg  WHAT IS THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS? MEDIA HAS BECOME THE CENTRAL FACILITATOR FOR DAILY COMMUNICATION. It makes communication more convenient. They said that Information is power. Without a means of distributing information, people cannot harness its power. Media have an enormous influence in helping to shape public opinion and underlying sentiment. (e.g. classic case of jumping on the bandwagon) Media is also an important accountability mechanism: it raises important issues, corruption for example, that might otherwise never be publicly debated or addressed. In some cases, media also become an instrument for the dissemination of false and inflammatory messages and values that do not promote respect or well-tempered dialogue and discussion.  CommunicationTechnology have significantly made our interaction easier however it also altered the intimacy of our interaction with each other. One positive impact of media is in the distribution of information in today’s world. Platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, and others have made it possible to access information at the click of a button.  No matter who we are, information gives us more power because the more we know, the more we can effect change on a personal and societal level. One way we acquire knowledge is through the media, which disseminates information to an audience, thereby empowering them. The mass media cannot exist without an audience, and newspapers, magazines, and TV and radio stations with large audiences are considered successful and powerful Media and information significantly influence communication in the following ways: 1. Shaping Perceptions Media plays a pivotal role in framing societal narratives, shaping public opinion, and influencing how people perceive the world. For example, news outlets can highlight specific issues, creating a perception of their importance or urgency. 2. Expanding Accessibility Modern media and information channels provide access to diverse voices and perspectives. Social media, blogs, and online forums allow individuals to engage with content from various cultural and global contexts. 3. Speed and Reach Media accelerates the spread of information, allowing messages to reach vast audiences almost instantly. Platforms like Twitter and live streaming enable real-time communication, influencing how people respond to events. 4. Impact on Language and Expression Media introduces new terminologies, abbreviations, and expressions (e.g., memes, hashtags). This influence often changes how individuals communicate, particularly online, where brevity and creativity are valued. 5. Creation of Echo Chambers Algorithms used by media platforms often filter content based on user preferences, creating echo chambers. This can influence communication by limiting exposure to opposing views, reinforcing biases, and reducing critical discourse. Media and information significantly influence communication in the following ways: 6. Visual Dominance The rise of multimedia (videos, infographics) emphasizes visual storytelling, affecting how information is consumed and understood. Complex ideas are often distilled into shareable visual formats, influencing depth of understanding. 7. Interactive Communication Media facilitates two-way communication, where audiences can interact with content creators through comments, likes, or shares. This dynamic reshapes the traditional sender-receiver model of communication. 8. Cultural Influence Global media can homogenize cultures by popularizing dominant cultural norms, but it can also celebrate diversity by showcasing lesser-known traditions and languages. 9. Challenges of Misinformation The proliferation of unverified information challenges the reliability of communication. Audiences must develop media literacy skills to discern credible sources from false or misleading ones. 10. Integration of AI and Automation Automated communication tools (e.g., chatbots, AI news generators) influence how individuals receive and share information, creating new paradigms in human-media interaction.  EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA The Influence of Social media is being used in ways that shape politics, business, world culture, education, careers, innovation, and more.  IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA On Politics – Political campaigns using social media has increased dramatically. On Society – Almost a quarter of the world’s population is on Facebook. Social network become more powerful. On Commerce- social media is used to generate insights, stimulate demand, and create targeted product offerings.  IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA On the world of work - Social media has had a profound effect on recruitment and hiring. Professional social networks such as LinkedIn allow people to create and market a personal brand. On communication – It becomes a vital tool for daily social interaction. It has shifted our conversations from ‘face-to-face’ instances to ‘through –the-screen’ ones. HOW WE COMMUNICATE HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED BY THE INTERNET(NEW MEDIA) AND SOCIAL MEDIA  In summary, media and information enhance communication's speed, reach, and interactivity but also pose challenges related to bias, misinformation, and superficiality. Recognizing these influences allows individuals to navigate media landscapes critically and responsibly.  Media Literacy, Lesson Information Literacy, and 2 Technology Literacy The 21st Century Digital Literacy Basics  Literacy Definition The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower Media Literacy citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies. The ability to recognize when information is needed Information and to locate, evaluate, and effectively Literacy communicate information in its various formats. The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, Technology appropriately, and effectively use technological (Digital) Literacy tools. Using these tools, an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and communicate information.  Media literacy, information literacy, and technology literacy are combined together as Media and Information Literacy (MIL). Since media and information are taking up more and more of our time, it’s important that we understand their influence on everything we do and how we can knowledgeably and skillfully navigate our way through them. MIL DEFINED Reflect on the following actions and questions: Access – What kind of media were you absorbing? How did you get to it? Analyze – Were you making sense of its messages? Do you need this information? Evaluate – Were you aware that each message was created by someone with their own goals and opinions? Create – When you create a piece of information, like a Facebook post or an Instagram story, what is your responsibility to those who view it? Act – What do you do with all that information you just received? Can you access or locate other credible information sources?  QUESTION AND ANSWER 1. What makes an individual literate in Media and Information? 2. How is critical thinking related to Media and Information Literacy? 3. Do you consider yourself a media and information literate individual? Why or Why not? 4. What activities/habits do you practice which illustrate media and information literacy? Give at least three example