Unit 6 Humanity And Responsibility PDF

Unit 6 Humanity and Responsibility Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person 1 LEARNING TARGETS At the end of this unit, the learners should be able to do the following: Realize that choices carry responsibilities. Understand th...

Unit 6 Humanity and Responsibility Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person 1 LEARNING TARGETS At the end of this unit, the learners should be able to do the following: Realize that choices carry responsibilities. Understand the consequences and efforts of one’s actions. Examine and reflect on given situations. Exercise discretion on the implementation of an action. 2 VALUES AND ATTITUDES In this unit, the learners should be able to do the following: Practice responsibility. Develop a sense of duty. Value selflessness. Appreciate the benefits of free will. Accept mistakes. Apply good decision-making. 3 GROUNDING As we grow older, the questions we ask ourselves become more complicated, such as, “Is this the right thing to do?” and “Which one is the best course of action?” 4 UNIT STIMULUS What the Younger Me Wants 5 When you were younger, did you run and play near the library? 6 Did you play with other kids? 7 Did you cry when you got lost? 8 Did you share candies and snacks with your friends? 9 Did you throw tantrums? 10 CENTRAL QUESTION Why do you need to recognize the reason behind your choices? 11 Lesson 1 Choices: Life’s Biggest Mystery Unit 6| Humanity and Responsibility Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person 12 How are we supposed to live our life? 13 ACTIVATION Your Choice Choose between the following options. Think of the reasons why you made that choice. Share your thoughts to your partner. 14 ACTIVATION Your Choice: or Study Go to the beach 15 ACTIVATION Your Choice: or Water Soda 16 ACTIVATION Your Choice: or Being with a friend Being alone 17 Ethics A discipline in philosophy that is concerned with observing how people determine what is right and wrong. 18 Applying Ethics Before We Act Is it morally right to lie, even if it is for a good cause? Is it morally wrong to live in luxury even if we work hard for it while others are starving? Is it morally right to go to war to protect the rights of the underprivileged? 19 Applying Ethics Before We Act Is it morally right to replace teachers with artificial intelligence robots? Is it morally wrong to use small animals for laboratory research? Is it morally right to allow marriage between people of similar genders? 20 The Goal of Ethics Ethics seeks to decide what actions are acceptable by determining good and evil, right and wrong, and righteous and wicked. Laws are established based on ethical standards. 21 Origin of Ethics: Virtue The ancient philosophers did not know what could be the basis of their morals; therefore, they became inclined toward finding a virtue that could create the goal of life. Virtue refers to characteristics that serve as the foundation for doing what is right. 22 Origin of Ethics: Virtue Socrates stated that “Virtue is Knowledge” which means an individual should know first what is right and wrong before acting on what is right. If the person doesn’t know what he’s doing is wrong, it’s because he is ignorant of what is right. 23 Application of “Virtue is knowledge” You do not lie because you know it is wrong, and it may mean hurting others. You do not steal because you know it is not right to get what you don’t own. You do not kill because you know it is evil since life comes from God. 24 Truly Knowing Why is there a time when you know what is good and right but do not act on it? What could be the reason for this? 25 Origin of Ethics: Happiness According to Aristotle, eudaimonia (which translates as “happiness”) is a good life in which an individual must act appropriately based on the right character. 26 Origin of Ethics: Happiness The goal of eudaimonia is a flourishing life where man is untroubled and at peace. 27 How to Achieve Eudaimonia? To achieve eudaimonia, Aristotle wrote about the golden mean. According to him, the golden mean is a complete balance between opposites, such as luxury and poverty, and bravery and cowardice. 28 Applying the Golden Mean Opposites: Luxury or Poverty? Golden mean: Not too wealthy, but not too poor Opposites: Bravery or cowardice? Golden mean: Being not so brave, but being not so fearful 29 Emphasis of the Golden Mean The golden mean promotes the virtue of moderation, which is associated with self-restraint and self- control. For Aristotle, to have moderation is to act morally. 30 Origin of Ethics: Hedonism In philosophy, hedonism (from the Greek word hedone, which means “pleasure”) focuses on seeking satisfaction. An action is good if the person achieves satisfaction. 31 The Goal of Hedonism The goal of hedonism is man’s delight in every situation because life is short, and he needs to act accordingly to achieve happiness. It is to enjoy every situation in life as much as possible in every second. 32 Some Applications of Hedonism Enjoying your time with friends since you may be apart from each other when you enter college. Delighting yourself by swimming at the beach since vacation is not forever. Treating yourself to a good cup of coffee because you don’t have enough money all the time. 33 IMAGINE THIS Ethics deal with decisions between right and wrong choices. Society established various means to ensure that citizens choose to do what’s right. 34 IMAGINE THIS What do you think will happen to humanity’s morality if we do not have to face the consequences of our actions? 35 Stoplight STOP CONTINUE START 36 BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES Hursthouse, Rosalind and Glen Pettigrove. "Virtue Ethics". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, October 11, 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2022/entries/ethics-virtue/. Moore, Andrew. "Hedonism". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Accessed December 7, 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/hedonism/. Shields, Christopher. "Aristotle". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, August 25, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/aristotle/. Singer, P. "ethics." Encyclopedia Britannica, November 30, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/topic/ethics-philosophy. 37