PSYC 2215(01)--Fall 2024--Lecture 01_For Moodle.pdf
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PSYC 2215 Dr. Angie Birt Sept. 09, 2024 Course Syllabus ◦ On Moodle ◦ Review carefully ◦ Consult regularly Course Text ◦ 8th ed. ◦ Online Register Your Text ◦ Registration code + Student Set ID ◦ Registration/Access instructions to our course are...
PSYC 2215 Dr. Angie Birt Sept. 09, 2024 Course Syllabus ◦ On Moodle ◦ Review carefully ◦ Consult regularly Course Text ◦ 8th ed. ◦ Online Register Your Text ◦ Registration code + Student Set ID ◦ Registration/Access instructions to our course are on Moodle under “Textbook Information” REQUIRED for you to receive quiz and lab grades. InQuizitive Quizzes ◦ Complete “How to Use InQuizitive” Quiz to familiarize yourself with how the quizzes work. Quiz #1: Ch. 01 due Sept. 11th by 11:59 pm ZAPS Lab Assignments ◦ Complete “How to Use ZAPS” demo to familiarize yourself with how they work. ◦ If you want more practice, do so on the ZAPS that have NOT been set as assignments. IMP! See more detailed instructions for the ZAPS assignments on Moodle Notetaker Required ◦ PLEASE volunteer ◦ See email you received from Accessibility Services re: Notetakers For ALL classes, you will need paper and either a pencil or pen. Come to class with these! ◦ Be prepared for in-class activities that require some writing Taking notes results in better learning & memory Be an “Active Learner”—NOT a passive one QUESTIONS? First, what is Psychology? ◦ The scientific study of ?? Cognitive Psychology ◦ More specifically, the scientific study of ?? Cognitive psychology started as the scientific study of knowledge ◦ How is knowledge acquired? ◦ How is knowledge retained? ◦ How is knowledge used? The Broad Role of Memory in Cognition Let’s think! Get a piece of paper, write your name on top. Discuss in groups of 2-3: Example #1: Does this make sense? WHY/WHY NOT? ◦ “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her refrigerator. It made no sound. She went to look for her mother.” Does this make sense? WHY/WHY NOT? ◦ “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank. It made no sound. She went to look for her mother.” Main point: Understanding a story, conversation, book, game, lecture, etc. depends on the knowledge we already have. ◦ BUT! What if we don’t have all of the necessary knowledge? ◦ Have to make inferences to fill in gaps. What are some inferences in the “Betsy” example? BUT! Inferences are not always correct. ◦ Examples from the “Betsy?” Other examples? Something about a duck? Something about someone loving someone? Many inferences are unconscious Hermann von Helmholtz’s—Theory of Unconscious Inference e.g., many of our perceptions result from unconscious inferences about the environment ◦ Based on EXPERIENCE → memory. Occlusion Heuristic Possible More likely What inferences do you automatically make? Example #2: Amnesia and memory loss: The case of H.M. ◦ In his mid-20s had brain surgery to control his epilepsy. After the surgery, H.M.: ◦ Could remember info. from before surgery ◦ Unable to form new explicit memories after surgery e.g., doctors had to reintroduce themselves each time, no memory for tests he completed repeatedly, each time he heard of the same uncle’s passing it was “for the first time.” ◦ Had little sense of himself as an adult The Cognitive Revolution--took place across the 1950s and 1960s ◦ involved a major shift in the ways psychological phenomena were conceptualized ◦ and the ways in which they were studied ◦ It was the BIRTH of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology arose partly from the limitations of previous research traditions: 1. Structuralism’s Introspection 2. Behaviorism 1879: Wilhelm Wundt established 1st psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Structuralism: experience is determined by combining the simplest, definable components of the mind Problem: Can’t directly observe someone else’s thoughts. Answer: Ask them Introspection: “looking within” ◦ Method = Analytic introspection: participants trained to describe experiences and thought processes → sensations & feelings in response to stimuli describe an object in terms of the basic perceptions it invoked e.g., Apple Describe what you see What about touch, smell, taste, sound, etc.? Wundt = “father of introspection” & “father of experimental psychology” Attempted to develop tools to measure psychological processes as objectively as possible. Problems with introspection: 1) Introspection focuses on conscious experiences. Many thoughts are unconscious. What about those? Problems with introspection: 2) It is often impossible to test claims made via introspection. Lack of objectivity & reliability Can’t directly observe or measure thoughts Self-report accuracy is often unknown Results extremely variable across individuals Difficulty in reproduction/replication
