Principle of Medical Technology Practice 1 Reviewer (PRELIMS).docx

***[PIONEERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY]*** **\ Hippocrates (300 B.C)\ **⇒ Advocated the exanimations of urine to diagnose diseases.\ ⇒ "Father of Medicine" **Rufus of Ephesus (50 A.D)\ **⇒ First description of Hematuria attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood.\...

***[PIONEERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY]*** **\ Hippocrates (300 B.C)\ **⇒ Advocated the exanimations of urine to diagnose diseases.\ ⇒ "Father of Medicine" **Rufus of Ephesus (50 A.D)\ **⇒ First description of Hematuria attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood.\ \ **Galen (180 A.D)**\ ⇒ System of pathology that combined Hippocrates' humoral theories with the Pythagorean theory.\ ⇒ Founder of Experimental Physiology. **Pythagorean Theory** ⇒ Nature was made of four elements (water, earth, wind and fire) **→ Humoral Theory** ⇒ Liquid inside the body "Humors" (Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, Black Bile) with restoring balance.\ ⇒ Determine a patient's personality and health concerns.\ \ **Yellow Bile** -- Fire (Choleric)\ **Black Bile** -- Earth (Melancholic) \> Temperament from kidneys.\ **Blood** -- Wind\ **Phlegm** -- Water\ \ **Issac Judaeus (900 A.D)\ **⇒ Guidelines for the use of urine as Diagnostic aid.\ \ **William Harvey (1578 -- 1657)**\ ⇒ Discovered the circulation of blood.\ \ **Athanasius Kircher (1602 -- 1680)**\ ⇒ Earliest microscopist.\ \ **Robert Hooke (1635 -- 1703)**\ ⇒ Used the microscope to document the existence of cells and inspired the works of later histologists.\ ⇒ His book "Micrographia"\ \ **Marcello Malpighi (1628 -- 1694)\ **⇒ Founder of histology.\ ⇒ Famous for his investigations on embryology, histology, and physiology of the glands and viscera.\ \ **Frederik Dekker (1694)**\ ⇒ Observed that urine that contained protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid. **Thomas Willis (1621 -- 1675)**\ ⇒ First to notice the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine -- Different diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.\ \ → **Diabetes mellitus** - metabolic disease, involving inappropriately elevated blood glucose levels.\ \ → **Diabetes Insipidus** - an uncommon problem that causes the fluids in the body to become out of balance.\ \ **Richard Lower (1631 -- 1691)**\ ⇒ First to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another.\ \ **William Hewson (1739 -- 1774)**\ ⇒ Discovered the cause of coagulation ["Coagulable lymph".\ \ ]**Johannes Evangelista Purkinje (1823)**[\ ]⇒ Descriptions of germinal vesicle in the embryo, description and name of protoplasm, Discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skins and their excretory ducts, numerous descriptions of brain, nerves, muscles cells.[\ ]\ **Louis Pasteur (1822 -- 1895)**\ ⇒ Concepts of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. (water loving, water repelling)\ ⇒ Discovered partial heat sterilization or Pasteurization\ ⇒ Attenuated vaccines. **Sir William Osler (1898)**\ ⇒ Established ward laboratories at Johns Hopkins Hospital -- Routine tests were carried out by attending physicians.\ \ **Joseph Lister (1827 -- 1912)\ **⇒ Discovered methods of antisepsis using carbolic acid.\ \ **Sir Almroth Edward Wright**\ ⇒ First to observe the role of calcium salt in coagulation of blood.\ ⇒ Coagulometer = Coagulation time.\ \ **Paul Ehrlich (1854 -- 1915)**\ ⇒ Developed many methods of drying and fixing blood smearing using heat.\ ⇒ Discovered mast cells and saw their granulations using a basic aniline stain.\ ⇒ classified white blood cells into different morphological types.\ ⇒ Discovered methylene blue as bacterial stain.\ \ **Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 -- 1955)**\ ⇒ Discovered penicillin.\ \ **Christian Gram (1884)**\ ⇒ Developed bacteriological staining method widely used.\ \ **R.J Petri (1887)**\ ⇒ Developed the plating technique using double dishes now called "Petri Dishes".\ \ **Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (1895 0 1964)**\ ⇒ Discovered antibacterial action prontosil, a derivative of sulfonamide.\ \ **Otto Folin (1904)**\ ⇒ Introduced Jaffe's alkaline picrate method for creatinine.\ ⇒ First normal values for uric acid, NPN (Nonprotein nitrogen), protein in blood for assessment of renal function.\ \ **Karl Landsteiner (1868 - 1943)**\ ⇒ Discovered the concept of the human blood types; the ABO blood group.\ ⇒ Studied bleeding in newborns and contributed to the discovery of the Rh factor.\ \ **James C. Todd (1908)**\ ⇒ Edited and published the first textbook of laboratory medicine entitled ["A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis".\ \ ]**John Kolmer (1918)**\ ⇒ Published "[The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians]".\ \ G.N Papanicolaou (1928)\ ⇒ Ability to recognize cancer in vaginal smear -- beginning clinical cytology.\ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ***[HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY HERE AND ABROAD\ \ ]**!People who contributed to development of Medical Technology!\ \ ***Vivian Herrick**\ ⇒ Strongly believes that medical technology may be traced back in 1550 B.C when intestinal parasites were mentioned.\ \ **Ruth Williams**\ ⇒ Wrote a book on introduction to the profession of Medical Technology.\ \ **Dr. Douglas**\ ⇒ First laboratory instruction in 1884.\ \ **Dr. James Todd**\ ⇒ Laboratory Guide entitled "Manual of Clinical Diagnosis" in 1908.\ \ **1896**\ ⇒ First Laboratory.\ \ **University of Pennsylvania William Pepper laboratory, USA**\ ⇒ 1985\ \ **1900**\ ⇒ Hired bacteriologist during outbreaks of infectious diseases.\ ⇒ Laboratory technicians/assistants were trained.\ \ **1911**\ ⇒ Laboratory science was accepted as basis for diagnosis of diseases.\ \ **1915**\ ⇒ Pennsylvania State, USA enacted law requiring all hospitals to have a clinical laboratory and to employ full time laboratory technicians.\ \ **1928 -- 1945**\ ⇒ Medical technology/CLS became more widely recognized.\ \ **1928**\ ⇒ ASCP created a formal program ensure the competence of lab. Workers through certification.\ **\ 1930**\ ⇒ Schools for training lab. Workers were established and ASCP issued first certificate to 400 technicians.\ \ **1933**\ ⇒ ASCP began to require that applicants meet educational prerequisites.\ \ **1940**\ ⇒ ASCP required a two-year collegiate education and 12 months actual training in the laboratory as preparation for practice.\ \ **1950**\ ⇒ A standard curriculum was formalized in preparation for Bachelor of Science degree.\ \ **1960**\ ⇒ ASCP issued 2,453 certificates and the number of technicians certified each year grew steadily. ***[HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES\ \ ]*1944**\ ⇒ 26^th^ Medical Laboratory of 6^th^ US Army in Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila started training high school graduates.\ \ **1945**\ ⇒ US Army left the 26^th^ medical laboratory to the phil. Department of Health and was non-operational.\ ⇒ Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda of the Manila Health Department set up the Public Health laboratory under the city government of manila.\ \ **1947**\ ⇒ PHL -- MHD , Dr Pio De Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana , started training lab. Technicians.\ \ **1954**\ ⇒ PHL offered 6 months training of high school graduates to become lab technicians.\ ⇒ Bureau of Private Education offered 4-year course in B.S Medical Technology Manila Sanitarium Hospital (MSH) opened the first school of MT under the leadership of Mrs. Villa Hedrick; Philippine Union College absorbed MSH's School of MT.\ \ **1957**\ ⇒ UST offered Med Tech as Major\ \ **1960**\ ⇒ CEU offered B.S Med Tech\ \ **1961**\ ⇒ FEU offered BSMT, UP started offering B.S in Hygiene\ \ **September 20, 1963**\ ⇒ organizational meeting was held at PHL Manila **September 20, 1964**\ ⇒ PAMET had its first convention at FEU Medical Auditorium HISTORY OF CEU -- CMT ⇒ Established in 1960\ ⇒ Initiative of the 2^nd^ CEU President (CDL) and University Registrar\ \ **1960 -- 1963**\ ⇒ Ms. Purification Suaco\ ⇒ Organized and monitored the proper implementation of the Medical Technology curriculum.\ \ **1963 -- 1969**\ ⇒ Porfirio De Guia, MD\ ⇒ Former University Medical Clinic and the Dean of the College Liberal Arts.\ ⇒ Credited for the steady growth in the enrollment\ ⇒ Responsible for hospital affiliation\ \ **1969 -- 1984**\ ⇒ Velia G. Trinidad, MD\ ⇒ During her term, additional hospital affiliation for the training of the increasing number of interns were established.\ \ **1984 -- 1989**\ ⇒ Fe N. Martinez, RMT, PhD\ ⇒ Review calls inside CEU was established to monitor closely the students preparations for the board exam.\ \ **1899 -- 2006**\ ⇒ Pricilla A. Panlasigui, CLS, PhD\ ⇒ Curriculum enrichment to meet the demand of globalization.\ ⇒ 1993 and 2001 MT Program Accreditation.\ ⇒ Integration of FF: - EMT - Pharmacology - Cytology - Medical Transcription - Research **2006**\ ⇒ Present Dr. Charito M. Bermido, RMT, PhD\ ⇒ Level III re-accreditation in 2007\ ⇒ Reforms were made especially in the areas of teaching, research, curriculum and Board exam review.