Preventive Dentistry Course 6: Primary Health Care PDF

DENT1006 - Preventive Medicine & Introduction to Public Oral and Dental Health PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Lect. Pelin Ece Balaban, DDS Bahcesehir University Faculty of Dentistry...

DENT1006 - Preventive Medicine & Introduction to Public Oral and Dental Health PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Lect. Pelin Ece Balaban, DDS Bahcesehir University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics [email protected] Learning resources of this course are available from BAU Library: S. S. Hiremath (2016), Textbook of Public Health Dentistry 3rd Ed, Elsevier Joseph John (2018), Textbook of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Public Health Dentistry 3rd Ed CBS Publishers CM Marya (2011), A Textbook of Public Health Dentistry, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Learning Outcomes 1. To learn the primary health care 2. To classify the Principles of Primary Health Care 3. To identify the Origin of Primary Health Care 4. To define the Implications of Primary Health Care 5. To learn the Components Of Primary Health Care PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Concept Of Primary Health Care The conventional health model based on symptoms and diseases and treatment and cure, which incurred substantial cost, was questioned by as many as social, political, economical, educational and psychological determinants of health, were not considered. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE There was a rise in chronic diseases like drug addiction, alcoholism, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Hence issues like dependency, poverty and lifestyles were linked with health status. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE The concept of primary health care came into existence in 1978 following a joint WHO-UNICEF international conference of Alma- Ata in the former Soviet-Union. Integrates at the community level all the factors required for improving the health status of the population. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  The conference called for acceptance of the WHO goal of “health for all by the year 2000” and primary health care was accepted as the key to achieve the goal of Health for all by 2000. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE The existing gross inequalities in the health status of people particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within the countries was politically , socially and economically were unacceptable. It is based on the principles of equity, wider coverage, individual and community involvement and intersectoral coordination PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Considering all sources of primary care, there is still a lack of primary care providers in many areas of the country, particularly in the inner city and rural areas. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Countries with better provision of primary health care have greater patient satisfaction at lower costs and better health indicators PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Origin of Primary Health Care 1960s: an increase in WHO projects related to the development of “basic health services” 1975: The 28th World Health Assembly in 1975 reinforced the trend, declaring the construction of “National Programs in primary health care” a matter “of urgent priority”. 1978: ALMA-ATA , The slogan “Health for All by the Year 2000” was included as a prospective view. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Criticism of Alam-Ata Declaration The Alma-Ata Declaration was criticized for being too broad and idealistic and having an unrealistic timetable. A common criticism was that the slogan “Health for all by 2000” was not reasible. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Definition by WHO/ UNICEF,1978 Primary health care [PHC] is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self reliance and self determination. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Components Of Primary Health Care PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Principles of Primary Health Care 1. Equitable distribution 2. Community involvement/participation 3. Focus on prevention and health promotion 4. Appropriate technology 5. Multisectoral approach PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Equitable distribution Principles of Primary Health Care Government must endeavor Equity is concerned with creating equal toopportunities distribute equitably for health those and bringing health differentials down to the lowest possible level s. variables which influence health. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Community involvement/participation Principles of Primary Health Care A fundamental element of PHC is input by non-professional community members. It is better to make use of local resources such as manpower, money, materials and involve local community in planning and implementation of health services. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Focus on prevention and health promotion Principles of Primary Health Care Not being in control is recognized as a risk factor for disease, whereas empowerment has shown to be an important promotor of health. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Appropriate technology ?? Principles of Primary Health Care Maintained by the people themselves in keeping with the principle of self reliance with the resources, the community and country can afford. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Appropriate technology Principles of Primary Health Care PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Appropriate technology Principles of Primary Health Care Appropriate refers to not making use of costly equipment procedures,techniques and scientifically valid and acceptable ones are available. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Multisectoral approach Principles of Primary Health Care A major reason for the lack of success of many oral health programs is the fact that they operate in isolation, i.e. separate from the general health care structure. Solution to ill-health cannot be solved only by the health sector. Social, economical, agriculture and educational sector must coordinate policies that affect health. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE  Implications 1. Pursue Partnership 2. Evaluation and Research 3. Reform Existing Pedagogy 4. Begin With Self PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pursue Partnership Implications For dental personnel really to pursue Primary Oral Health Care they need to make partnership with people and hence contribute to the overall development of the community. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Evaluation and Research Implications Evaluation and research with local people helps in gaining important information which helps in taking appropriate actions. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Reform Existing Pedagogy Implications The basic concept that “health is something to be delivered” has to be changed to “it is something to be achieved”. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Begin With Self Implications A professional needs to take the initiative or the first step if he really wants to pursue equity and promote oral health in community. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Thank you...