Preventive Medicine DENT1006 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the main goal of the WHO during the Alma-Ata conference in 1978?

To achieve health for all by the year 2000 (correct)

To reduce healthcare costs worldwide

To eliminate all chronic diseases

To introduce new pharmaceutical treatments

Which of the following best describes the conventional health model prior to the adoption of primary health care?

Focused on preventative measures and community health

Emphasized symptoms, diseases, and treatments (correct)

Integrated social and psychological factors

Promoted education and lifestyle changes

What principle emphasizes the importance of equal access to health care services?

Community involvement

Focus on prevention

Appropriate technology

Equitable distribution (correct)

Which event in 1978 emphasized the goal of 'Health for All by the Year 2000'?

The Alma-Ata Declaration Signup and view all the answers

What was identified as a significant rise linked with health status in primary health care discussions?

Chronic diseases like drug addiction and alcoholism Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is NOT commonly associated with primary health care?

Technology-driven healthcare solutions Signup and view all the answers

Criticism of the Alma-Ata Declaration primarily focused on which aspect?

Unrealistic timetable Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of equity in primary health care?

To provide equal opportunities for health Signup and view all the answers

What factors were found to be excluded from consideration in the traditional health model?

Social, political, and economic determinants Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to patient satisfaction in countries with well-provided primary health care?

Higher direct access to primary care Signup and view all the answers

Why is community participation essential in primary health care?

It fosters local resource utilization and involvement Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT explicitly listed as part of primary health care principles?

Culturally-appropriate services Signup and view all the answers

What role does prevention play in primary health care?

Preventive measures are essential for promoting health Signup and view all the answers

What major inequality did the Alma-Ata conference address?

In health status among different socioeconomic groups Signup and view all the answers

The definition of primary health care emphasizes accessibility through what means?

Community participation Signup and view all the answers

How should technology be approached in primary health care?

With an emphasis on locally affordable and maintainable technology Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a component of primary health care?

Community participation and empowerment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the implications of primary health care?

It promotes a holistic view of health and healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key goals of WHO in the 1960s relating to primary health care?

Develop basic health services Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for disease according to primary health care principles?

Lack of control in health matters Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the state of primary care providers in many areas?

Inner city and rural areas often lack primary care providers. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a principle of primary health care?

Control by external health experts Signup and view all the answers

What does appropriate technology in primary health care avoid?

Costly procedures and techniques Signup and view all the answers

Why is empowerment significant in primary health care?

It promotes better health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a major reason for the lack of success of many oral health programs?

They operate in isolation from general health care. Signup and view all the answers

Which sector should coordinate policies that affect health according to the principles of Primary Health Care?

Social, economic, agriculture, and educational sectors. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Pursue Partnership' imply for dental personnel in Primary Oral Health Care?

Collaborating with the community for overall development. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of evaluation and research in Primary Health Care?

It helps gain information for appropriate actions. Signup and view all the answers

How should the concept of health delivery be reformed according to the principles of Primary Health Care?

Health should be achieved rather than delivered. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step for a professional wanting to promote oral health in the community?

Taking initiative and making the first move. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'reform existing pedagogy' suggest regarding health education?

Shift the focus from delivery to achieving health. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of Primary Health Care?

Delivery of health as a primary focus. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course title: Preventive Medicine & Introduction to Public Oral and Dental Health
Course code: DENT1006
Lecturer: Pelin Ece Balaban, DDS
Affiliation: Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics
Contact: [email protected]

Learning Resources

S. S. Hiremath (2016): Textbook of Public Health Dentistry 3rd Ed, Elsevier
Joseph John (2018): Textbook of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Public Health Dentistry 3rd Ed CBS Publishers
C.M. Marya (2011): A Textbook of Public Health Dentistry, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers

Learning Outcomes

Learn primary health care
Classify the principles of primary health care
Identify the origin of primary health care
Define the implications of primary health care
Learn the components of primary health care

Concept of Primary Health Care

The conventional health model (based on symptoms and treatment) was questioned due to substantial cost, and lack of consideration for social, political, economic, educational, and psychological determinants of health.
There was a rise in chronic diseases (like drug addiction, alcoholism, cardiovascular diseases) linked to dependency, poverty, and lifestyles.

Origin of Primary Health Care

The concept of primary health care was established in 1978 following a WHO-UNICEF international conference.
The conference was held in Alma-Ata, former Soviet Union.
The conference proposed integrating community-level factors for improving population health.
The conference aimed for universal health by 2000; thus primary health care was deemed key.

Criticism of Alma-Ata Declaration

It was criticized for being too broad, idealistic, and unrealistic.
The "Health for all by 2000" slogan was deemed not achievable.

Definition of Primary Health Care (WHO/UNICEF, 1978)

Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technology.
This should be universally accessible to individuals and families within the community.
It should be affordable and maintainable throughout the community and country’s development, based on self-reliance and self-determination.

Components of Primary Health Care

Education: Identify prevalent health problems and prevention/control methods.
Food promotion: Promote food supply and balanced nutrition.
Water/Sanitation: Ensure adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
Maternal/Child Health: Provide maternal and child health care, including family planning.
Immunization: Provide immunization against major infectious diseases.
Treatment: Provide appropriate treatment for common illnesses and injuries.
Essential Drugs: Provide essential medicines
Prevention: Prevent and control locally endemic diseases

Principles of Primary Health Care

Equitable distribution: Equitable distribution of healthcare resources by government.
Community involvement/participation: Engaging non-professional community members in planning and implementation.
Focus on prevention/health promotion: Recognize risk factors and empowering individuals to improve health, rather than focusing on treatment.
Appropriate technology: Relying on resources the community can afford.
Multisectoral approach: Collaborating with institutions beyond the healthcare sector to tackle broader issues that impact health, like social, economical, agriculture and education.

Implications

Pursue partnership with the community to enable greater community participation and overall development.
Evaluation and research: Gain important information and data to support effective actions and policies.
Reform existing pedagogy: Change perspectives on delivery of healthcare to focus on achieving health outcomes, rather than an approach of delivery.
Begin with self: Professionals taking the initiative to improve equity and promote oral health in the community.

Issues and Considerations

Countries with better primary care provisions have greater patient satisfaction and improved health indicators, even at lower cost.
Despite resources, some areas in developing countries still lack primary care providers, particularly inner cities and rural areas.

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Description

Test your knowledge on primary health care concepts and their importance in preventive and community dentistry. This quiz covers essential principles and components of primary health care as introduced in the DENT1006 course. Build your understanding of health models and their implications for public health.