PRE-HISTORIC-History-of-Architecture-1-2.pdf

8/18/2018 Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) PRE‐HISTORIC History of Architecture 1 Histor...

8/18/2018 Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) PRE‐HISTORIC History of Architecture 1 History of Architecture‐ The history of architecture is a record of man’s effort to build aesthetically. It traces the origin, growth and decline of architectural styles or periods which have prevailed lands and ages. INFLUENCES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE The factors affecting the particular design of structure starting from planning to walling, columns, openings, roofing, mouldings and ornaments such as: A. GEOGRAPHICAL B. GEOLOGICAL C. CLIMATIC D. RELIGIOUS E. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL F. HISTORICAL PRE‐HISTORIC STRUCTURES OBJECTIVES: 1. To trace the development of prehistoric architecture 2. To know the different prehistoric structures 3. To identify the remaining architectural examples of the pre historic period. CULTURAL STAGES I. STONE AGE Stone Age can be divided into 3 Periods A. Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) B. Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) C. Neolithic (New Stone Age) 1 8/18/2018 2  8/18/2018 Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) 3 8/18/2018 4  8/18/2018 II. BRONZE AGE 4000 TO 3000 BC 5  8/18/2018 III. IRON AGE 25 TO 50 YEARS BEFORE JULIUS CEASAR 6  8/18/2018 1. DWELLINGS A. ROCK CAVE‐EARLIEST FORM OF DWELLINGS 1. Natural Cave 2. Artificial Cave 3. Cave above the Ground FOUR CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES 1. NATURAL CAVE 1. POSTAND LINTEL (TRABEATED) 2. ARCH AND VAULT 3. CORBEL AND CANTILIVERED 4. TRUSSED THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF EARLY 2. ARTIFICIAL CAVE KNOWN TYPES OF ARCHITECTURE 1. DWELLINGS 2. RELIGIOUS MONUMENTS 3. BURIAL MOUNDS 7  8/18/2018 3. CAVE ABOVE THE GROUND 3. RELIGIOUS MONUMENTS Two Classifications of Religious Monuments A. MONOLITH‐isolated single upright stone also known as “MENHIR”. MENHIR‐Memorial of victory over one tribe. B. TENTS AND HUTS‐ Made from tree barks, animal skins and plant leaves. B. MEGALITHIC‐ Several number of stones. 1. Dolmen‐ 2 or more upright stones supporting a horizontal slab. 8  8/18/2018 2. CROMLECH‐ 3 or more upright stones capped by an unhewn flat stone, indicates places of religious rites. STONE ROW‐ made up of 3,000 stones BURIAL MOUNDS spaced upright. (STONEHENGE) A. Tumuli or Barrows‐ earthen mounds use for burials or several to a couple hundred of ordinary persons. Prototype of pyramids in Egypt and of the beehive huts. 9