Qualitative Phenomenological Research PDF

Phenomenology -the science of lived experiences of individuals Corpus data -collection of multi-data references for analysis (Creswell, et al. 2014) Qualitative Phenomenological Research 1. Identify research problem 2. Formulate research title 3. Write research questions : central question,...

Phenomenology -the science of lived experiences of individuals Corpus data -collection of multi-data references for analysis (Creswell, et al. 2014) Qualitative Phenomenological Research 1. Identify research problem 2. Formulate research title 3. Write research questions : central question, specific questions,developmental questions (interview questions) 4. Validate developmental questions 5. Research Methodology (research protocols) -Send request letters -Send informed consent  APPENDIX B Informed Consent -protocol before conducting the interview (Arkley & Knight, 1999)  The Interview Protocol The method employed in this study is phenomenology. Its purpose is to recall the personal conscious feelings and experiences of overseas Filipino students with frontliner parents, especially on their scholastic status. It is the task of the researcher to focus the line of interview questions directly on research-related matters being studied upon. Interviews will consist of three phases, namely: 1) research preparation; 2) interview proper; 3) data transcription and follow-up. 1. Research Preparation -The researcher will introduce himself and explain the possible interview activities. He explains the nature of the research project. The researcher’s contact number and e-mail address will be given and may be used for further communication if the need arises. -Personal appointments for participants will be scheduled, when the permission from them is granted. -The researcher should equip himself with gadgets needed for the interview 2. Interview Proper a. The ambiance in a noise-reduced room is essential to set the mood before the interview proper (in the Zoom application). b. Casual chatting is made for rapport and a conversational atmosphere for the interview. The robotfoto will be filled out and informed consent will be given to the interviewee to be signed. c. Name, date, time, and place are indicated. Starts the interview with general open-ended questions. d. Listens attentively to the sharing. Raises clarificatory and elaborating questions for probing if it is necessary. Remember that it is a conversation. e. Lets the interviewee feel at home by allowing him/her to talk more; elicits as much information as he can, concentrates on the focus/target questions until probing is achieved. f. Try to think ahead of the questions so that conversations will not be interrupted. 3. Data Transcription and Follow up a. Extracts the recording from digital recorder to the computer, plays and listens to the conversations. Creates a special folder for the files indicating the date, month and year of the interviews. b. Transcribes what was said in the conversation. Does not edit the wording of the conversations. c. Prints copies of the transcription and keeps in a plastic folder. d. Clarificatory questions with regard to the transcript of the interview with the interviewees may be done Robotfoto (Keltchtermans & Ballet, 2002) A dutch term, the photo-like picture drawn from a witness discretion (judgement) of a suspect in a criminal case. - Profile of the participant Semi-structured interview A face-to-face interview with the participant with the researcher (Fossey, 2001) Valid way of conducting interview: 1:30 minutes to maximum of 2 hours (Acosta, 2021) SCRIPT INTERVIEW To build ease and friendliness with the participants DEVELOPMENTAL INTERVIEW The start of throwing purposeful questions to participants WRITING THE DEVELOPMENTAL QUESTIONS Your first question will set and direct the participants to their experiences in the phenomenon. >Create interview questions that are clear and easy to understand. >Align your questions with the central questions and specific questions. >Avoid Yes/No questions >Avoid leading questions. “Do you feel any pressure…?” “How do you deal with extreme exhaustion?” SAMPLING (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH) Purposeful sampling is a technique widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of information-rich cases for the most effective use of limited resources (Patton, 2002). This involves identifying and selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon of interest (Cresswell & Plano Clark, 2011). In addition to knowledge and experience, Bernard (2002) and Spradley (1979) noted the importance of availability and willingness to participate, and the ability to communicate Number of participants Creswell (1998) recommended three to 26 and Morse (1994) suggested at least six. Qualitative sample size may best be determined by the time allotted, resources available, and study objectives (Patton, 1990). (standard: 10 participants, avoid gender- bias) Interview Transcribe: (Emic to Transcribe: write responses on printed form Etic) Emic: participants’ responses /POV (includes verbatim fillers: ah…uhmmm..) Etic: converting the responses into researcher’s naive perceptions/understanding based on the transcribed data ANALYZING DATA Cool Analysis- Raw attempt of analyzing the data. Reading and rereading of the texts Warm Analysis- Exhaustion of data analysis where themes may emerge COOL ANALYSIS WARM ANALYSIS DENDROGRAM: THEMATIC ANALYSIS Dendrogram is used to categorize significant themes in preparation for data analysis. Interview Transcrib e Code Code Categorize similar themes TYPES OF CODES 1. Descriptive Coding -summarize the data into one word or short phrase (usually NOUN) 2. In Vivo Coding -words of short phrases from the participants repeatedly mentioned 3. Holistic Coding (Descriptive + In Vivo Coding) -Applies a single code to a large unit in the corpus, rather than detailed coding, to capture a sense of overall contents and the possible categories that may develop Descriptive Coding In Vivo Coding Holistic Coding Member-Checking Procedure - to ensure validity and trustworthiness of the data -objective analysis of the data through triangulation or quadrangulation -three members that are not part of the group -responses that you are in doubt with