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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Emic coding in qualitative research?
What is the primary focus of Emic coding in qualitative research?
What distinguishes Warm Analysis from Cool Analysis?
What distinguishes Warm Analysis from Cool Analysis?
Which type of coding applies a single code to a large unit of text?
Which type of coding applies a single code to a large unit of text?
What is the purpose of the Member-Checking Procedure in qualitative research?
What is the purpose of the Member-Checking Procedure in qualitative research?
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What is a dendrogram used for in data analysis?
What is a dendrogram used for in data analysis?
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What is phenomenology primarily concerned with?
What is phenomenology primarily concerned with?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in qualitative phenomenological research?
Which of the following is NOT a step in qualitative phenomenological research?
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What is the purpose of the informed consent protocol before conducting an interview?
What is the purpose of the informed consent protocol before conducting an interview?
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What characterizes the ambiance required in the interview proper phase?
What characterizes the ambiance required in the interview proper phase?
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During which phase should the researcher establish personal rapport with the interviewee?
During which phase should the researcher establish personal rapport with the interviewee?
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What should the researcher do at the start of the interview?
What should the researcher do at the start of the interview?
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What role do clarificatory and elaborating questions play during the interview?
What role do clarificatory and elaborating questions play during the interview?
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What is a key element in the interview process according to the guidelines?
What is a key element in the interview process according to the guidelines?
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What is a key aspect of transcribing conversations from an interview?
What is a key aspect of transcribing conversations from an interview?
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What is the recommended duration for a valid semi-structured interview?
What is the recommended duration for a valid semi-structured interview?
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Which sampling technique is emphasized for selecting participants in qualitative research?
Which sampling technique is emphasized for selecting participants in qualitative research?
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What should the first question in a developmental interview aim to do?
What should the first question in a developmental interview aim to do?
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What does 'Robotfoto' refer to in a criminal case context?
What does 'Robotfoto' refer to in a criminal case context?
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What is a common guideline to follow when writing developmental interview questions?
What is a common guideline to follow when writing developmental interview questions?
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According to qualitative research guidelines, what is the suggested number of participants?
According to qualitative research guidelines, what is the suggested number of participants?
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What should be avoided when constructing interview questions?
What should be avoided when constructing interview questions?
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Study Notes
Phenomenology
- The science of lived experiences of individuals
Corpus Data
- A collection of multi-data references for analysis (Creswell, et al. 2014)
Qualitative Phenomenological Research
- Steps in conducting qualitative phenomenological research:
- Identify the research problem
- Formulate the research title
- Develop research questions (central question, specific questions, developmental questions/interview questions)
- Validate developmental questions
- Design research methodology (research protocols)
- Send request letters and informed consent forms
The Interview Protocol
- Phenomenology method employed to recall conscious feelings and experiences of overseas Filipino students with front-liner parents, focusing on how their parents' professional lives impact scholastic statuses.
- Three phases:
- Research preparation: Researcher introduces self, project, and contact info; schedules appointments.
- Interview proper: Noise-reduced room/Zoom, casual chatting, informed consent, general open-ended questions, clarificatory questions, probing for more information.
- Data transcription and follow-up: Recording extraction, transcription, copying, and keeping records, and clarificatory questions if needed.
Robotfoto
- A Dutch term (Keltchtermans & Ballet, 2002) referring to a photo-like picture drawn by witnesses to describe a suspect (judgement) in a criminal case.
- Includes
- Profile of the participant
- Mention in data collection
Informed Consent - Protocol
- A document detailing informed consent procedures for conducting interviews. Contains details about the research project and participant rights.
- Includes participant information like
- Participant's contact details
- Research objectives
- Confidentiality measures -Researcher's contact information and advisor
Semi-Structured Interview
- A face-to-face interview method where both the researcher and participant follow a pre-defined interview guide and questions. (Fossey, 2001), with a valid time duration (Acosta, 2021)
- Valid interview time: 1.50 minutes to 2 hours.
Script Interview
- Designed to build rapport and establish friendliness with participants in the initial stages of the interview process.
Developmental Interview
- The point where the interviewer's questions become purposeful to the research topic.
Writing Developmental Questions
- Guidelines for writing effective questions in interviews:
- Questions should be understandable, clear, and easy to comprehend
- Questions must be aligned with the central question as well as specific questions.
- Avoid Yes/No questions and leading questions
Purposeful Sampling (Qualitative Research)
- A sampling technique, selecting respondents with knowledge and experience to gain richer, more insightful data.
- Factors important for selection include:
- Knowledge about the phenomenon of interest
- Experience with a phenomenon of interest
- Availability to participate and willingness to do so
- Ability to communicate effectively
Number of Participants
- Suggested participant numbers:
- 3 to 26 participants (Creswell, 1998)
- At least 6 participants (Morse, 1994)
- Ideally 10 participants (standard), avoiding gender bias.
- Qualitative sample size considerations:
- Time constraints
- Availability of resources
- Study objectives.
Interview Transcribe: (Emic to Etic)
- Emic: Writing participant responses in their POV, including spoken fillers (ah...uhmmm...).
- Etic: Converting the responses into the researcher's perceptions and understanding based on the transcribed data.
Analyzing Data
- Cool Analysis: Initial reading and rereading of raw interview data to develop a general understanding.
- Warm Analysis: More in-depth analysis to look for emerging patterns, themes, and significant points in the collected data.
Coding Types
- Descriptive Coding: Summarising data into single nouns.
- In Vivo Coding: Using participant-stated words or phrases repeatedly mentioned during interviews.
- Holistic Coding: Coding large data units, rather than detailed coding, to grasp the overall content and potential themes.
Member-Checking Procedure
- Procedures to ensure data validity and trustworthiness using triangulation/quadrangulation techniques.
- Involves input from three external members who are not part of the group.
- Allows verification of interpretations of responses.
Data Collection Forms
- Individual Form: Table for recording participant questions/responses and member perspectives.
- Summary Form: Table for summarizing data gathered from multiple participants (e.g., member responses or perspectives on similar questions.)
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Description
Explore the intricacies of qualitative phenomenological research, focusing on the lived experiences of individuals. This quiz delves into the essential steps, interview protocols, and methodology for conducting meaningful research, particularly in the context of overseas Filipino students. Test your understanding of phenomenology and research techniques!
