PPT-RTU-2nd Presentation-Political Theories PDF

ND 2 LECTURE IN POLITICAL THEORIES By: DR. OMAR R. MANLAPAS LIBERALISM CLASSICAL LIBERALISM MODERN LIBERALISM FEUDALISM DIVINE RIGHT THEORY INDIVIDUALISM ATOMISM HUMAN NATURE EGOISM  LIBERALISM Liberals advocated an ind...

ND 2 LECTURE IN POLITICAL THEORIES By: DR. OMAR R. MANLAPAS LIBERALISM CLASSICAL LIBERALISM MODERN LIBERALISM FEUDALISM DIVINE RIGHT THEORY INDIVIDUALISM ATOMISM HUMAN NATURE EGOISM  LIBERALISM Liberals advocated an industrialized and market economic order ‘free’ from government interference, in which businesses would be allowed to pursue profit and states encouraged to trade freely with one another.  CLASSICAL LIBERALISM A tradition within liberalism that seeks to maximize the realm of unconstrained individual action, typically by establishing a minimal state and a reliance on market economics.  MODERN LIBERALISM A tradition within liberalism that provides (in contrast to classical liberalism) a qualified endorsement for social and economic intervention as a means of promoting personal development.  FEUDALISM A system of agrarian based production that is characterized by fixed social hierarchies and a rigid pattern of obligations.  DIVINE RIGHT The doctrine that earthly rulers are chosen by God and thus wield unchallengeable authority; divine right is a defense for monarchical absolutism.  ABSOLUTISM A form of government in which political power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or small group, in particular, an absolute monarchy. While liberalism undoubtedly favors openness, debate and self-determination, it is also characterized by a powerful moral thrust. The moral and ideological stance of liberalism is embodied in a commitment to a distinctive set of values and beliefs. The most important of these are: individualism freedom reason justice toleration  INDIVIDUALISM Is the belief in the supreme importance of the individual over any social group or collective body. In the form of methodological individualism, this suggests that the individual is central to any political theory or social explanation – all statements about society should be made in terms of the individuals who compose it.  ATOMISM A belief that society is made up of a collection of self-interested and largely self-sufficient individuals, or atoms, rather than social groups.  HUMAN NATURE The essential and innate character of all human beings: what they owe to nature rather than to society  EGOISM A concern for one’s own welfare or interests, or the theory that the pursuit of self-interest is an ethical priority.