PPT Rizal's Concept of Nation Building PDF

Rizal’s Concept on Nation Building Objective: At the end of the unit, you should be able to: 1. Establish the way by which jose Rizal did to build the nation, and 2. Enumerate some of the progress initiated by Jose Rizal k\in lieu of the political soietal, educational and socio-econom...

Rizal’s Concept on Nation Building Objective: At the end of the unit, you should be able to: 1. Establish the way by which jose Rizal did to build the nation, and 2. Enumerate some of the progress initiated by Jose Rizal k\in lieu of the political soietal, educational and socio-economic aspirations for the Philippines  Rizal was the first Filipino to give expression to Philippine Nationalism. In his writings, to chart a route to national unity for his people, and to elaborate nationalism as tangent to freedom and emancipation. In his novels he envisioned a fulfilled society, an emancipated people and a progressive nation mature in political freedom.  This dream was nursed at a time when it was political treason for a Spanish subject to conceive of a society independent of Spain.  Rizal’s Blueprint For Nation Building He gained a better perspective of his country’s problem. The country inspired in him not only sympathy but also an enduring love. He began to understand now that the prolonged subjugation of his people was caused primarily by two factors: 1. The absence of national consciousness 2. The poor training and education of the people He not only showed his people how to live nationalism, he also conceived an idealism of dedication and intrepidity for the betterment of Philippine Society.  His blueprint for nation building include the following: 1. The Importance of Education a. Education is a necessary ingredient to the realization people’s emancipation b. Through education that the Filipinos will come to know about themselves as individuals and as members of a nation. c. Through education people may know their rights and to feel proud of their country’s heritage and culture. d. Educating his people may successfully eradicate the vices of their society 2. Instilling racial pride and dignity among the people a. Because of constant humiliation and dicrimination experienced by the Filipino people from their colonial masters produced a feeling of inferiority and a lack of racial pride and dignity b. He wanted to inculcate into his people an understanding of history from which, he believed, sprang the roots of genuine nationalism 3. Promotion of National Consciousness a. He wanted his people to dedicate their thoughts, words and actions not solely to themselves as individuals but ro themselves as citizens of a nation. b. National consciousness is the key to the attainment of a better society. 4. The reorientation of values and attitudes a. People must reorient their values and attitudes 5. And the willingness to sacrifice for the country a. The task of nation building is accompanied by hardships and sufferings which the people must inevitably experience to bolster their courage. b. Sacrifices experienced by a people strengthen their bonds of unity and their sense of independence. Rizal envisioned a nation of individuals who would make responsible and independent judgement and who would think in terms of the welfare of the whole community.  Rizal’s Program of Action a. Rizal’s program of action coonsisted of a plan to organize a group of Filipino students in Madrid. b. The students would form the nucleus of a group that in the future would use their varied talents to work for solutions to the Philippine problems. c. Rizal proposed to them the writing of a book similar to Harriet Betcher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew which would deal with the various aspects of Filipino life. d. He thought that a similar presentation of conditions in the Philippines would arouse his countrymen to strive for a better way of life and coece Spain to initiate reforms in the country. e. The book was to be the project of the Circulo Hispano- Filipino with each member contributing a chapter. f. The members were not interested in the topics of the proposed book g. Rizal carries on the work by himself.This book was to be entitled Noli Me Tangere. h. The Noli was finally published in March 1887 i. It elicited various reactions from Spaniards and Filipinos together with the sequel El Filibusterismo, which he wrote during his second trip to Europe, made Rizal a doomed man. j. Because of the events that compelled Rizal to leave the Philippines in 1888, he pursued his next plan of action. k. Rizal had pieced together the history of the Philippines, which revealed that even before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos already had a developed culture l. He annotates Morga’s Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas because of its objective presentation of life in the Philippines at the time of the arrival of the Spaniards. m. Compiled notes and made annotations on certain points which he believed needed clarifications. n. He wrote “The Indolence of the Filipinos” which came out as a series of 5 articles in La Solidaridad from July 15 to September 15, 1889 o. As the news and stories of the oppression in the Philippines spread. In Rizal’s letter dated 18, April 1889, he reassured his fellow reformist that the Filipino’s right for their rights has commenced, “The fight has begun;he who wavers shall fall. Let us now show the world and our enemies that we are not afraid of the friar’s threats. p. Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo to show his countrymen the price they should be willing to pay and the problems they would have to solve first before plunging the country into revolution q. Rizal opposed a revolution during that particular stage of the country’s development, he thought of showing the people how to organize themselves into a compact homegenous body in the Philippines. r. Rizal’s major plan of organization was the establishment of La Liga Filipinas (Philippine League) s. When Rizal was deported to Dapitan, he had already accomplished a major part of self-imposed mission of redeeming the Filipinos form medieval colonialism t. His exile demonstrated the hero’s untiring efforts of continuing the program of action that he relentlessly pursued for realization of his blueprint for nation building.  Rizal’s Program of Reforms Political Reforms Self –reliant, self respecting government made for the people, and answerable to the people 1. Restoration of the Filipino representation to the Spanish Cortes and the freedom of the press. a. Free press- a government that rules a country from a great distance has the most need for a free press to rule rightly  b. If there is representation- problems could be discussed c. Since people are paying their taxes, they must be allowed to elect a representation. 2. The general representation of the administrative machineries. a. Secularization of parishes b. The improvement of the quality and efficiency of government personnel. c. Improvement in the judicial procedure 3. Protection of the other basic freedoms (Innate human rights) a. The writings of Jose Rizal proclaim the significance of equal rights and dignity b. The right of individual in life, liberty c. The security of the person d. Equality of individuals before the law e. Freedom 4. Curtailment of abuses in the government a. Filipinos be allowed the same opportunity to hold government positions equal to the Spaniards. b. Greater participation of the Filipino in the task of good government could serve as an incentive for both group. c. Only qualified officials will be employed. 5. He demanded the removal of the friars from the administration of the provinces, towns, and parishes. a. Major obstacle to the effective implementation of reforms was the interfering friars b. They should be confined only to their religious duties where they rightfully belong. c. In the assignment of priests to administer parishes, the Filipino and Spanish clerics must be given equal chances Rizal advocated was religious liberty. “Deprive man of his dignity and you not only deprive him of his moral strength but you also makes him useless” Educational Reforms Rizal believed in the affectivity of education as a solution to the political, economic, and social problems of the country. 1. Advocated mass education for his people in his writings a. He expressed his desire to Captain Carcinero at Dapitan – the establishment of School of Arts and Crafts in Capitals of provinces, (with at least 16,000 population) b.Rizal commented that the education of the people did not necessarily mean that everyone should be a professional. c. “We cannot be all doctors,”Rizal said, “it is necessary that “some of us cultivate soil” d. Farmers and laborers should have ample instruction for technical and vocational efficiency. e. Rizal emphatically expressed the need for mass education in the Noli when he said that ”The school is the basis of society, the school is the book in which is written the future of the nation! Show us the schools of people and we shall show you what the people are.” 2. Free from clerical interference a. Mass education would not be possible if the friars were not divested of their political powers and their control over the educational system. b. They hindered the education of the people, for intolerant priests who adhered to the medieval system of education hampered the development of independent thought and the teaching of scientific advancement. 3. Rizal asked for one school in every provincial capital with a population of 16,000 a. He believed that education was a lighthouse that guided men to enjoy freedom and prosperity. 4. Rizal opted for a school that would respect academic freedom and develop the potentials of the students. a. The school would promote the dignity of the individual and no corporal punishment would be inflicted b. A teacher would inspire learning by encouraging a wholesome class competition. 5. Mass education was possible only with substantial financial support from the government a. That would finance the construction, maintenance, and administration of the school. b. Rizal stressed that education would liberate the Filipino from ignorance and prepare them for the reforms and freedom they had been aspiring for.  Socio-Economic Reforms Rizal envisioned the Philippines as an independent nation economically developed and self-sufficient 1. Concentration on agricultural improvement. Since Philippines was an agricultural country 2. Improvement of trade and industry. It is indespensable to the development of agriculture  In analyzing the socio-economic problems of the country. Rizal considered the three basic factors of production – Land, Labor and Capital LAND – Primary factor of production LABOR – necessary for the effective exploitation of the rich natural resources of the economy CAPITAL – was necessary for the successful operation of any business venture; that there can be no production w/o capital goods Rizal’s concern and high regard for labor inspired him to write the poem “Hymn to Labor”  short working hours for the working man  good living conditions  equitable share in the profits in the form of wages “Man is not a brute , he is not a machine, and his object is not mainly to produce, Man’s object is to seek happiness for himself… by travelling along the road of progress and reflection.” 3. Rizal believed that given encouragement and efficient incentives, the Filipinos would work efficiently. Rizal proposed several incentives to develop the economy of the country a. Educating the people to become skilled farmers b. Securing foreign and domestic peace and providing protection of person, work and homes. c. Encouraging reasonable taxes and dues d. Minimizing red tape in the government and enacting just laws. e. Dignifying labor and giving laborers their rightful share in the fruits of production; f. Encouraging the use of local materials and the use of machineries; g. Providing mutual protection for Filipino farmers and traders.  Moral Principles and Teachings a. Rizal has creative ability to guide society and the people in matters of right conduct b. To him morality was the “application of reason and conscience to specific problems of behavior.” c. In his writings and correspondence, he exposes the moral evils in the 19th century Philippine society. He repeatedly condemned fraud and deceit, the disregard for and abuse of the dignity of the human personality, and mercenary ploy. d. The virtues he admired were love, forgiveness, integrity, honesty, courage, generosity purity, justice, honor, purpose and truthfulness, faithfulness to one’s word, compassion, self- control, temperance and tolerance. e. He wrote to the Women of Malolos the virtues of sincerity, honesty purity and love f. Rizal advised the Filipino mother to open their children’s eyes so that they may “jealously guard their honor, love their fellowmen and their native land and do their duty.” g. For him ‘it is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor’. h. A moral man is capable of doing well because God fashioned him to His image and endowed with the gift of reason and intelligence. i. Rizal taught morality to his people by the example of his own experience. j. He was a firm believer in God and he dedicated his life to a noble purpose-service to the motherland. He subordinated all personal interest to those of his country, fighting for and upholding the dignity of the individual with an expertise he wielded so well – his pen k. Next to God and country, he loved and honored his parents and his family RIZAL’S COSMOPOLITAN CONCEPTS  In keeping with the ideals of the First Filipino, the nation today has geared itself towards national development and progress. In reading Rizal, the Filipinos recognize the fact that lasting solutions and beneficent policies on contemporary social and economic problems can only be secured with regional- consolidation and international guarantees. For the nation have become cohesive blocs, one community and one people and in love with one’s nation means to be concerned for the world. Hence, the Marcos decision to withdraw the claim to Sabah “for the unity, strength and prosperity of all of ASEAN” This Rizal predicted in a dialogue in El Filibusterismo Basilio in a few centuries, when humanity shall have been redeemed by knowledge when racial differences shall have disappeared, when all people shall be free, when there are no longer tyrants and slaves, colonies and empires, when there is one rule of justice, when man shall be a citizen of the world, only the pursuit of science will remain, the word patriotism will sound like fanaticism and whoever shall then take pride in patriotic virtues will surely be locked up as a dangerous maniac, a disturber of the harmony of society. Simon, But to reach that date it will be necessary to eliminate tyrants and slaves among the nations, it is necessary that man should learn wherever he might go to respect in others the rights of hisown person.  Thus, Rizal projected the patriotism that he spearheaded beyond the exclusivists nationalism of his century to the fraternal cosmopolitanism of the present century. For today true patriots seek national identification in the community of peoples ans establish their individual dignity and liberty as nations through security defined and promised in group pledges. The people of today believe that economic, social and political security is strengthened by cooperation and understanding among all nations of the world.  To provide for this security, the United Nations was organized along seven basic principles. These are the sovereignty and equality of all member states, the good faith in which the members pledge their obligations, the peaceful settlements of disputes, the non-use of force, the pledge to give assistance to its projects, noninterference in domestic affairs and the guarantee that non-members ahall act in accordance with those principles.  The functions of the United Nations are guided by these principles. Its primary aim is the maintenance of international peace and security. To this end, it seek to develop friendly relations among nations. It also seeks to reaffirm faith in the fundamental rights , in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women, and of nations large and small. It solicits international cooperation in solving world problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian nature.  It promotes and pursues respect for human rights. It protects funadamental freedom for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. Finally, the United Nations serves as a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.  A consistent advocate of these very same concept Rizal envisioned a future of fraternal harmony that transcended nationalistic seld-centerdness. His spokesman, El Filibusterismo’s Basilio , predicted the redemption and enlightenment of mankind. “When all people shall be free, when there is one rule of justice, when man shall be a citizen of the world,” From his boyhood; Rizal’s consistent ideal had been universal equality. As an eight-year-old youth, he expressed this through equality of language, as one facet of equality of nation.  Ang wikang tagalog tulad din sa Latin , sa Ingles, kastila at salitang angel sa pagka ang Poong maalam tumingin, ang siyang naggawad nagbigay sa atin  Rizal held that racial discrimination would be effaced by enlightenment. “The barriers which politics create between the races disappear in the balls of learning, as if melted by the warmth of science and youth.” Over and over again, he asserted “Men are born equal, naked and without chains.’ His conviction in the equality of men had its roots in the brotherhood of men, a tenet he grew up with that was further elaborarted in the schools he attended. When he was exile in Dapitan, he voiced his concern as a brother for the rights and religions of other men. A great respect for the good faith of the adversary and for the most contrary ideas that mus necessarily arise due to the difference in race, education and age, led us about to the conclusion that religion whatever they might be should not make men enemies of one another but rather brothers and real brothers  Thus, Rizal foresaw even the ecuminism that is going on among today’s religions. Rizal had looked forward to that day when peace among nations would be achieved and the true spirit of religious toleration would prevail. Rizal stressed the moral responsibility of the individual. In his final letter to the Filipino people, he wrote, “Man should die for his duty and convictions.” he had stressed this in his El Filibusterismo as he challenged his people to be responsible and to deal positively and constructively with the problems of life. Millions and millions will have to answer who do not know how to preserve the right of their intelligence and their dignity of mind as the master demanded an accounting from the cowardly servant for the talent that let be taken from him. Rizal condemned the use of force to prove one’s point or gain one’s end. In the Noli Tangere he deplored the family of this means.  The Constabulary has only one purpose to repress crime by force and terror, a purpose which is not achieved except by chance. Furthermore, you must consider sir, that society can not only be hard on individuals when it has first furnished them with the means necessary for their moral improvement. In the sequel, he ventured the same opinion I do not mean to say that our freedom must be won at the point of the sword, the sword now counts for very little in the destinies of our time , but I do say that we must win our freedom by deserving it by improving the mind and enhancing the dignity of the individual, loving what is just , what is good, what is great, to the point of dying for it. When people reaches their heights, God provides the weapon, and the idols and the tyrants fall like a house of cards. And freedom shines in the first dawn. The establishment of friendly relations among nations was a concept Rizal prophecied. He felt that the Filipino people could effortlessly attain the ideal for the Filipino accepts civilization and maintain contact with all people and can live to all climes. Through his own participation in the Propaganda Movement his studies and friendships with different nationals, Rizal broadened his outlook and achieved universality. Thus, Madariaga said of him Rizal had universality from the very beginning, Rizal personified man as a universal being. For despite his passionate interest in his country he managed always to live beyond and above his country as well as within it. His background, his spirit, is universal. This was achieved through his mastery of 5 languages and acquaintances with others, and his contacts with European scholars, reformists, and leaders. 35 which provided him with a well rounded insight and an objectivity that his contemporary crusaders lacked. Rizal was keenly observant of people, places, and happenings. His trips were always pleasurable lessons for him and his crusade for reforms. Thus, he noted to Los Viajes New insights suggest new thoughts, one admires man in his greatness as to his misery one pities him. The old blind exclusiveness changes into universal and fraternal esteem for the rest of the world. And at once ceases  New insights suggest new thoughts, one admires man in his greatness as to his misery one pities him. The old blind exclusiveness changes into universal and fraternal esteem for the rest of the world. And at once ceases to be an echo of the opinion of others in order to express one’s own. suggested by direct observation and first-hand knowledge of other people’s ways. Ever aware of the urgency of the recognition human rights Rizal reflected in his essay “Let Us Be Just” There is nothing that wins man more than the idea of justice, serene without hatred or fury as there is nothing like injustice to arouse for imagination. Rizal explained that injustice to his people included the extension to their children of educational facilities. In his article “The Town School in the Philippines” he advised. Let us cease to be empirical and routinary, Let us learn to progress, Let us seek the direct good, for life is short and the wisdom of man is great. Let everyone fulfill the duties and obligation in the sphere in which he lives. Not only for the sake of complying with and not failing the mandate, but to do good and to help in the common task of suffering and progressive humanity  Rizal’s ideas and aims clearly run parralel with those of the United Nations as stated in the Preamble of the Charter. Rizal did not condone the use of force and in fact condemned the national revolution that erupted in 1896, he strove for the extension of fundamental rights in his people and repeated the warning that their continued deprivation would inevitably lead to a break with Spain, he conceived La Liga Filipina in the hope of establishing the initial requisites for continuing peace and progress in his country, he learned the languages, history, and culture of other people to better understand them and his own, and was accorded unprecedented recognition and honors by foreign communities. In a word, because we have learned to look to ourselves as a nation, we can discard the superstitions of the weak, begin to learn the habits of the strong, and dare to accept the fact that the world has changed from one of opposing camps into one in which cooperation and all desire friendly competition Provided we do these with firm resolve and confidence, we can truly make use of one past to build the life of this nation Words to Live by: One only dies once, and if one does not die well, a good opportunity is lost and will not present itself again. There can be no tyrants where there are no slaves. It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal. It is like a stone wasted on the field without becoming a part of any edifice. Jose Rizal Prepared by: Evangelina Lapid-Navarro Course Professor